Undergraduate Degrees

MSci Environmental Sciences ( F750 )

UCAS Course Code:: F750
Duration:: 4 years
Attendance:: Full Time
Award:: Degree of Master of Sciences
School of Study:: Environmental Sciences
Brochure:: School of Environmental Sciences Undergraduate Brochure (PDF)
Typical A-Level Offer:: AAA

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This exciting new four year programme will allow you to take your study of the Environmental Sciences to an advanced level, where you will benefit from and take part in some of the world leading research undertaken within the School of Environmental Sciences at UEA.

The study of environmental sciences is essential to our understanding of natural systems and their interactions with people. The new MSci programme will deal with issues such as climate change, river pollution, the incineration of toxic waste, hurricanes and earthquakes, and resource management. A key element of the programme is flexibility – you will be able to choose your own preferred route through the degree programme: physical; chemical; geological; ecological; management policy; or any combination of your choice.

The programme will enable you to develop a critical awareness of issues at the frontier of research, along with a comprehensive understanding of research methods and their limitations. You will gain the qualities of self-direction and originality in applying knowledge, solving problems and conducting research. And most importantly this programme will inspire a lifelong interest in and understanding of environmental sciences.

The first three years of the programme will follow the same profile as the BSc Environmental Sciences. In the fourth and final year you will study a range of masters level modules, as well as undertaking a substantial piece of independent research in a topic that matches your interests.

Course Organiser:Dr. Jenni Barclay

Environmental science is a rapidly progressing, vibrant and exciting field of study with excellent career prospects in the UK and beyond.

Environmental Science is a modern scientific discipline that will have a profound effect on human society as environmental concerns become paramount at the beginning of the 21st century.

A human population of over 6 billion demands energy, transport, and technology, while climate change threatens the security of the most vulnerable peoples on the planet. Management of pollution and waste is essential to protect human health. Global environment change is eroding the planets biological diversity. Natural hazards threaten infrequent but catastrophic disasters.

Solving these urgent problems requires the expertise of trained environmental scientists. In ENV you will be trained to understand the complex interactions of human society with the bio-geosphere and to provide solutions for enhanced industry and sustainable economies. Inter-disciplinary scientists are needed to communicate the solutions and influence policy at local, national and global scales.

Volcanology, seismology, ecology, conservation, meteorology, oceanography, environmental economics, environmental politics, geochemistry, soil science, climate change and energy resources are just a few of the subjects you could study. Whether you choose to study a broad range of the environmental sciences or specialise in one field, you can be sure that your degree will be challenging and inspiring from beginning to end.

In the 2012 National Student Survey, the School of Environmental Sciences at UEA gained a 96% satisfaction rate, putting the department at joint 5th in the UK, above universities like Southampton and Exeter. Teaching was a particular highlight of the survey, and as a School, Environmental Sciences came in joint 2nd with a rating of 97% satisfaction.

Compulsory Study (90 credits)

Students must study the following modules for 90 credits:

Name	Code	Credits
ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN	ENV-1A56	10
This module studies the physical processes occurring in the atmosphere and ocean, with emphasis on the links between the two. Radiation from the Sun and its effect on the Earth. Structure and circulation of the atmosphere. Ocean currents and the thermohaline circulation. Hydrostatic equation and pressure forces. Stability, air masses and fronts. Coriolis force and geostrophy. The effect of the wind on the ocean. Hydrological cycle. If you have not taken 1A25 Forces of Nature, a little background reading will help on concepts such as pressure, density, buoyancy and Coriolis force. Taught in the second half of semester.
BIODIVERSITY IN A CHANGING WORLD	ENV-1A26	10
Briefly introduces a wide range of major topics in conservation ecology, coupled with concepts relevant to the structure and functioning of the rapidly changing biosphere, from ecosystem, through community, population, behavioural, physiological to molecular ecology and conservation genetics. PREFERENCE WILL BE GIVEN TO STUDENTS REGISTERED IN THE SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, AND ECOLOGY STUDENTS. Taught in second half of semester.
DYNAMIC EARTH	ENV-1A67	10
The structure and behaviour of our dynamic planet are investigated. The module is underpinned by the theory of Plate Tectonics as a means of explaining Earth’s remarkable physiographic features, such as mountain belts and volcanoes and it also considers how processes of erosion and deposition modify them. The Module will introduce geological time and the 4.6 billion year record of changing conditions. It will introduce geological materials, resources and hazards. No prior knowledge of geology is assumed.
FORCES OF NATURE	ENV-1A25	10
The understanding of natural systems and environmental technologies is often underpinned by physical laws and processes. ‘Forces of nature’ explores the most important of these (energy, mechanics, physical properties of Earth materials) and their relevance to environmental science using examples from across the Earth’s differing systems. This module forms an important building block for many modules that follow it.
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES	ENV-1A29	20
What are the most pressing environmental challenges facing the world today? How do we understand these problems through cutting-edge environmental science research? What are the possibilities for building sustainable solutions to address them in policy and society? In this module you will tackle these questions by taking an interdisciplinary approach to consider challenges relating to climate change, biodiversity, water resources, natural hazards, and technological risks. In doing so you will gain an insight into environmental science research ‘in action’ and develop essential academic study skills needed to explore these issues. Please note this module is only available for ENV students and BIO Ecology students only.
RESEARCH & FIELD SKILLS 1	ENV-1A41	10
This module introduces a range of transferable skills, tools and data resources that are widely used in research across the Environmental Sciences. The aim is to provide a broad understanding of the research process by undertaking different activities that involve i) formulating research questions, ii) collecting data using appropriate sources and techniques, iii) collating and evaluating information and iv) presenting results. The module will include the use of GPS, satellite remote sensing and digital mapping technologies, whilst also emphasising self and peer assessment of research activities.
RESEARCH & FIELD SKILLS 2	ENV-1A42K	10
This module builds upon the range of transferable skills and techniques introduced in Research & Field Skills 1. There are two main components. The first will introduce the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS), explaining the main analysis techniques with applications from across the Environmental Sciences. The second component will be a 6 day fieldcourse to be held at Slapton Ley, Devon during the last week of the Easter break. During the fieldcourse students will have the opportunity to apply skills learnt earlier in other modules, gain experience with new field techniques and undertake a small group project of their own choice. Assessment of the fieldcourse will be based on a poster presentation of this project work. THIS MODULE IS AVAILABLE ONLY TO STUDENTS REGISTERED IN THE SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES. Taught in the first half of semester.
SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIETY	ENV-1A28	10
Striking a balance between societal development, economic growth and environmental protection has proven difficult and controversial. The terms ‘sustainability’ and ‘sustainable development’ have been used in attempts to reconcile these three areas. Yet the ill-defined and contradictory nature of these concepts has also hampered their implementation. This module considers sustainability in theory and practice by examining the relationships between environment and society, through the contributions of a variety of social science disciplines. Taught in the first half of semester.

Option A Study (20 credits)

Students will select 20 credits from the following modules:

Name	Code	Credits
MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENTISTS 1	ENV-1A61	10
This module is designed for those students with good maths and a Grade C or above in 'A' level Mathematics. Topics include differentiation and integration, Taylor and Maclaurin series, complex numbers, vector algebra, partial differentiations. Previous knowledge of calculus is assumed.
MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENTISTS II	ENV-1A62	10
This module is the second in a series of four mathematical modules for students across the Faculty of Science. It continues the basic calculus of ENV-1A61 into the study of ordinary differential equations that are used to mathematically model many different systems across the sciences, and the use of further integrals to calculate lengths of lines, surface areas, and volumes. Power series expansions are used to represent and simplify functions, and an introduction to complex numbers is given. There is a continuing emphasis on applied examples, and the use of numerical computing software (Matlab).
NUMERICAL SKILLS FOR SCIENTISTS I	ENV-1A51	10
Designed for students who have not achieved Grade C or above in A level mathematics or equivalent, this module will introduce essential mathematics (reading graphs, logs, exponentials, concept of rate of change, manipulating formulae) and statistics (distributions, tests of differences and association). Statistical and numerical skills will also be embedded in other level 1 modules in Environmental Sciences via lecture material and practical classes.
NUMERICAL SKILLS FOR SCIENTISTS II	ENV-1A52	10
Designed to follow Numerical Skills for Scientists I, this module will reinforce and build on the mathematics and statistics taught in Semester 1, continuing numerical exposure through the year so that students are better prepared for level 2 modules in Environmental Sciences. Statistical and numerical skills will also be embedded in other level 1 modules in Environmental Sciences via lecture material and practical classes.

Option B Study (10 credits)

Students will select 10 credits from the following modules:

Name	Code	Credits
EARTH'S CHEMICAL PROCESSES 1	ENV-1A32	10
This module provides an introduction to chemical processes in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, seawater, soils, sediments and rocks. Both the natural and anthropogenically perturbed system will be considered. This module assumes no previous chemical knowledge and will include a basic chemistry component. Students with previous experience of chemistry (A, AS level or equivalent) should take Environmental Chemistry 2.
EARTH'S CHEMICAL PROCESSES II	ENV-1A34	10
This module provides an introduction to chemical processes in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, seawater, soils, sediments and rocks. Both the natural and anthropogenically perturbed system will be considered. Students taking this module are expected to have previous experience of Chemistry at A, AS Levels or equivalent. Taught in the second half of semester.

Option A Study (100 credits)

Students will select 100 credits from the following modules:

Name	Code	Credits
AQUATIC ECOLOGY	ENV-2A01	20
An analysis of how biological, chemical and physical influences shape the biological communities of rivers, lakes and estuaries in temperate and tropical regions. There is an important practical component to this module and the first of the three pieces of written work involves statistical analysis of class data. The module fits well with other ecology modules and can also be taken alongside geochemical, sedimentological or hydrological modules. The module may also appeal to students with interests in international development. Pre-requisite requirements: A first-year ecology module in either ENV or in the School of Biological Sciences or an A-level in a biological subject or a biologically biased access course plus familiarity with basic statistics and data analysis.
AQUATIC ECOLOGY (CW)	ENV-2A01C	20
An analysis of how biological, chemical and physical influences shape the biological communities of rivers, lakes and estuaries in temperate and tropical regions. There is an important practical component to this module and the first of the three pieces of written work involves statistical analysis of class data. The module fits well with other ecology modules and can also be taken alongside geochemical, sedimentological or hydrological modules. The module may also appeal to students with interests in international development. Pre-requisite requirements: An academic background in ecology at first year undergraduate level plus familiarity with basic statistics and data analysis.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND GLOBAL CHANGE	ENV-2A37	20
Atmospheric chemistry and global change are in the news: stratospheric ozone depletion, acid rain, climate change, photochemical smog, global-scale air pollution, etc. This module covers the fundamental chemical principles and processes involving gases and particles in Earth’s changing atmosphere. It comprises lectures, problem solving classes, practical and computing labs, as well as a field trip to UEA's own atmospheric observatory in Weybourne/North Norfolk.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND GLOBAL CHANGE (CW)	ENV-2A37C	20
Coursework only version of ENV-2A37 - NB reserved for autumn semester visiting students and those students taking ENV-2G02 Semester in Australia.
CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY	ENV-2A45	20
Covers the major processes that set the chemical composition of the oceans, the distribution of nutrient, and carbon, the distribution of life in the oceans and the interaction of the oceans and atmosphere. how this interacts with the atmosphere to maintain the global environment of the Earth. Elements of physical oceanography and ocean circulation, of geochemistry, marine biology and global change science are covered.
CLIMATE CHANGE HISTORY, ECONOMICS AND GOVERNANCE (CW)	ENV-2A09C	20
Understanding modern and ancient depositional environments: their processes and products. Economic and environmental aspects of sediments.
CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENCE AND POLICY	ENV-2A09	20
Understanding modern and ancient depositional environments: their processes and products. Economic and environmental aspects of sediments.
COMMUNITY, ECOSYSTEM AND MACRO-ECOLOGY	BIO-2B26	20
The module will introduce the main concepts in community, ecosystem and macro-ecology – patterns and processes related to species richness, diversity; stability; succession; primary and secondary productivity and energy flows. We will then examine how these concepts aid our understanding of the functioning of terrestrial and marine ecosystems.
EARTH SCIENCE FIELD SKILLS	ENV-2A98K	10
In addition to the laboratory-based skills offered in ENV 2A96 (Earth Science Skills) this module concentrates on Earth Science field observation, description and interpretation. During a residential course you will develop a field skill-set, which is designed for students planning an independent project requiring Earth Science field skills. This module is strongly recommended for Environmental Earth Science students. The primary focus will be on geological mapping, structure and stratigraphy, but this module may include hydrogeological, geochemical and Quaternary techniques depending on field location and staff availability Assessment is course work only. Students should have completed at least 40 credits of Earth Science or Geophysics modules before taking this module.
EARTH SCIENCE SKILLS	ENV-2A96	10
Good observational and descriptive skills lie at the heart of many areas of Environmental Science. This module is designed to develop those and is particularly suitable for students with interests in Earth and Geophysical Sciences. It will cover generic Earth Science skills of use for projects in this area. The module will include: observing, describing and recording the characteristics of geological materials (hand specimen and under microscope); measuring and representing 3d data, and reading geological maps. It will be taught mostly in laboratory classes and by self-study exercises. Taught in the second half of the semester. Before taking this module you must take (or be taking) at least 40 credits of Earth Science or Geophysics Modules at honours level.
EARTH SYSTEM GEOCHEMISTRY	ENV-2A30	20
Examines how the earth system and its geochemical cycling operate on both global and micro scales. Emphasis is on natural cycles, starting with big themes such as crust-hydrosphere-biosphere interaction and its effects on the long term C cycle, including regulation of carbon dioxide. Elements, isotopes, organic molecules (and their isotopic compositions) are used as tracers of processes and events in earth history. Organic matter, its chemistry and its relationship to both the C and S cycles is explored. Dating of geological materials with radiometric methods is introduced. The course explores themes in both deep time (millions of years) and more recent glacial-interglacial cycles (thousands to hundreds of thousands of years).
EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS	ENV-2B52	10
In this module you will acquire the generic work-ready skills relevant to graduate level employment in the Environmental business sector. The module objectives and content is shaped by consultation with managers of business in the Environmental Sciences sector including Local Government, Providers of Environmental Services and Utilities, Energy Exploration, Sustainable Energy Resources, Conservation and Not-for-profit organisations. These highly desirable work-ready skills that are currently lacking in the majority of graduate students will be taught through a theoretical understanding and supported by practice of skills through environmental case studies that include sessions led by guest speakers associated with a range of Environmental business.
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY	ENV-2A92	10
This module is designed to teach skills necessary for the acquisition of good quality chemical data in environmental systems, and in the interpretation of this data. The module will focus on the collection of environmental samples for chemical analysis, methods of chemical analysis and the analytical and mathematical techniques used for data quality control. There will be a large component of practical work. This module will be particularly relevant for those wishing to do a chemistry-related project later in their degree. Taught in the first half of the semester.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS AND POLICY MAKING	ENV-2A06	20
Examines the theoretical and empirical development of environmental politics in modern society (mostly in the European Union) including: the sources of modern environmentalism and its many manifestations in modern policy making systems; the environmental policies of the UK and the European Union; different theories of political power and public policy making; the role of environmental pressure groups and business; global environmental politics and policy making. The module draws heavily on the theoretical interpretation of everyday examples of politics, which are explored in student seminar presentations and in an extended case study (i.e. essay). This module is co-convened by Professor Andrew Jordan and Dr Irene Lorenzoni.
FIELD ECOLOGY	BIO-2B21	20
Students explore the ecology of moorlands, bogs, sand dunes, rocky shores, estuaries and woodlands. Students should develop skills in identifying plants and animals using scientific keys, carrying out quantitative surveys and statistically analysing their data. Strong emphasis is placed on student-lead project work. The bulk of the teaching takes place on a two week field course in Western Ireland, that runs immediately before the start of the Autumn Semester.
GEODYNAMICS: EARTH'S ENGINE	ENV-2A43	20
Processes in the Earth’s interior have exerted a profound influence on all aspects of the Earth’s system through geological time. This module is designed to explore all aspects of those processes from the creation and destruction of tectonic plates to the structure of the Earth’s interior and the distribution and dissipation of energy within it. This will include: the theory and mechanisms of plate tectonics, the heat distribution of the Earth’s interior, the generation of magma and volcanism; the mechanisms behind earthquakes and distribution of seismic energy. The geological record of this activity, its evolution and impacts on the Earth will also be discussed.
GEODYNAMICS: EARTH'S ENGINE (CW)	ENV-2A43C	20
Processes in the Earth’s interior have exerted a profound influence on all aspects of the Earth’s system through geological time. This module is designed to explore all aspects of those processes from the creation and destruction of tectonic plates to the structure of the Earth’s interior and the distribution and dissipation of energy within it. This will include: the theory and mechanisms of plate tectonics, the heat distribution of the Earth’s interior, the generation of magma and volcanism; the mechanisms behind earthquakes and distribution of seismic energy. The geological record of this activity, its evolution and impacts on the Earth will also be discussed. THIS IS FOR VISITING STUDENTS ONLY.
GIS SKILLS FOR DISSERTATIONS	ENV-2A94	10
This module focuses on the practical use of GIS for dissertations. After an introductory ‘refresher’ of GIS basics it will review the different techniques that can be used to create and edit data in a GIS, as well as existing digital databases from which map data can be extracted and downloaded. Particular attention will be given to Ordnance Survey mapping for the UK, but other international resources will also be discussed. The module will emphasise issues of error and uncertainty as they apply to spatial data and introduce the use of the ArcGIS ModelBuilder as a way of documenting and efficiently repeating more complex analysis procedures. Assessment will be through a small group project involving the download, integration, analysis and display of spatial data. Taught in the second half of the semester.
HYDROLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY	ENV-2A65	20
An introduction to hydrology and hydrogeology: the basic equations describing fluid movement in groundwater systems will be derived and applied. The main techniques to investigate groundwater flow systems are highlighted. Water circulation within river catchments is discussed by means of the catchment water balance. The physical process represented by each component of the water balance will be covered as well as the current methods of quantifying these fluxes of water within the catchment . Principles of catchment modelling are outlined.
HYDROLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY (CW)	ENV-2A65C	20
An introduction to hydrology and hydrogeology: the basic equations describing fluid movement in groundwater systems will be derived and applied. The main techniques to investigate groundwater flow systems are highlighted. Water circulation within river catchments is discussed by means of the catchment water balance. The physical process represented by each component of the water balance will be covered as well as the current methods of quantifying these fluxes of water within the catchment . Principles of catchment modelling are outlined. Coursework only version for Visiting Students.
INTERACTIONS AND POPULATIONS	ENV-2A35	20
Ecology can be defined as the scientific study of how organisms interact with each other and their physical environment. In this module we will look closely at how interactions between individuals determine the structure and functioning of populations. We will start by considering antagonistic interactions between members of different trophic levels, their evolution and the possible coevolution. The nature of these interactions will be analysed by examining the rules that determine how animals behave while foraging, including evolution of optimal foraging strategies in relation to both diet width and patchy environments. Consideration of competition will lead into the population consequences of both within trophic level and between trophic level interactions. We will examine basic concepts of population ecology- age structure, limits to growth, time delays and density dependence illustrated using simple models and case studies of plant and animal populations set within an evolutionary context. We will move on to consider the role of mutualistic interactions in dispersal processes and spatially explicit population processes including the effect of landscape structure on population dynamics, metapopulation dynamics, ecological mechanisms (dispersal, predation) and community structure. A-level Biology is an acceptable alternative pre-requisite for this module. Please note: you cannot take this module if you have already taken ENV-2A03, BIO-2B03 or ENV-2A28.
INTERACTIONS AND POPULATIONS (CW)	ENV-2A35C	20
Ecology can be defined as the scientific study of how organisms interact with each other and their physical environment. In this module we will look closely at how interactions between individuals determine the structure and functioning of populations. We will start by considering antagonistic interactions between members of different trophic levels, their evolution and the possible coevolution. The nature of these interactions will be analysed by examining the rules that determine how animals behave while foraging, including evolution of optimal foraging strategies in relation to both diet width and patchy environments. Consideration of competition will lead into the population consequences of both within trophic level and between trophic level interactions. We will examine basic concepts of population ecology- age structure, limits to growth, time delays and density dependence illustrated using simple models and case studies of plant and animal populations set within an evolutionary context. We will move on to consider the role of mutualistic interactions in dispersal processes and spatially explicit population processes including the effect of landscape structure on population dynamics, metapopulation dynamics, ecological mechanisms (dispersal, predation) and community structure. A-level Biology is an acceptable alternative pre-requisite for this module. Please note: you cannot take this module if you have already taken ENV-2A03, BIO-2B03 or ENV-2A28. (Alternative assessment version for autumn semester visiting students.)
LOW CARBON ENERGY	ENV-2A82	20
This module will focus on the decarbonisation of energy supply and demand in a carbon constrained world. It will examine the role of energy efficiency and low carbon energy technologies, such as wind energy, solar energy, hydrogen and fuel cells, taking into consideration important current issues and sectors for application. This knowledge is used to support an analysis of future energy supply and demand that includes management, policy and technical aspects. This version of the module is assessed by coursework and an exam.
LOW CARBON ENERGY WITH FIELDCOURSE	ENV-2A82K	20
This module will focus on the decarbonisation of energy supply and demand in a carbon constrained world. It will examine the role of energy efficiency and low carbon energy technologies, such as wind energy, solar energy, hydrogen and fuel cells, taking into consideration important current issues and sectors for application. This knowledge is used to support an analysis of future energy supply and demand that includes management, policy and technical aspects. This version of the module, which includes a one week field course that will take place at Easter, is assessed by coursework and fieldwork projects. There is no exam.
MARINE SCIENCES FIELDCOURSE	ENV-2A47K	20
This 11 day 20 credit field course studies physical, chemical and biological coastal oceanographic processes and will probably take place in June. The course includes lectures and practical experience of oceanographic instrumentation, chartwork, numerical analysis of data using matlab and a poster presentation at ENV. The second week of the course will take place in Oban, using the oceanographic research ships and laboratory facilities of the Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory. The course has no pre- or co-requisites and is open to 1st and 2nd year students. However it will be of particular relevance to those studying ENV-2A39 Ocean Circulation, ENV-2A45 Chemical Oceanography and ENV-3A15 Biological Oceanography and Marine Ecology. PLEASE NOTE THAT YOU CAN ONLY ENROL ONTO THIS MODULE VIA AN APPLICATION FORM FROM THE SCHOOL AND NOT VIA THE STANDARD MODULE ENROLMENT PROCESS. ALSO THE MODULE RUNS IN THE SUMMER PRIOR TO THE START OF THE ACADEMIC YEAR.
MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENTISTS III	ENV-2A21	20
This module contains mathematical techniques applicable to a wide range of ENV modules. Among topics covered: matrix algebra, linear equations and eigenvectors, numerical methods, vector fields, Maple programming and complex variables.
MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENTISTS III (CW)	ENV-2A21C	20
This module contains mathematical techniques applicable to a wide range of ENV modules. Among topics covered:matrix algebra, linear equations and eigenvectors, numerical methods, vector fields, maple programming and complex variables. This coursework only version is reserved for autumn semester visiting students.
MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENTISTS IV	ENV-2A22	20
This module shows how mathematics can be applied to the environment. Topics include: fluid dynamics, partial differential equations, waves, Fourier analysis, applications of solid mechanics to geophysics, including stress, strain and elasticity.
METEOROLOGY	ENV-2A23C	20
THIS IS A COURSEWORK VARIANT FOR AUTUMN SEMESTER VISITING STUDENTS ONLY. Coursework does not include fieldwork. See ENVF2A23. This module is designed to give a general introduction to meteorology, concentrating on the physical processes in the atmosphere and how these influence our weather. The module contains both descriptive and mathematical treatments of Radiation Balance, The General Circulation, Thermodynamics and Dynamics and the assessment is designed to allow those with either mathematical or descriptive abilities to do well; however a reasonable mathematical competence is essential. This coursework only version is reserved for autumn semester visiting students.
METEOROLOGY I	ENV-2A23	20
Coursework does not include fieldwork. See ENVF2A23. This module is designed to give a general introduction to meteorology, concentrating on the physical processes in the atmosphere and how these influence our weather. The module contains both descriptive and mathematical treatments of Radiation Balance, The General Circulation, Thermodynamics and Dynamics and the assessment is designed to allow those with either mathematical or descriptive abilities to do well; however a reasonable mathematical competence is essential.
METEOROLOGY II	ENV-2A24	20
This module will build upon the material covered in ENV-2A23 (Meteorology I) covering topics such as synoptic meteorology, micro-scale processes, the General Circulation and weather forecasting.
METEOROLOGY II WITH FIELDCOURSE	ENV-2A24K	20
This module will build upon material covered in ENV-2A23 (Meteorology I) covering topics such as synoptic meteorology, micro-scale processes, the General Circulation and weather forecasting. The module also includes a week long Easter vacation residential fieldcourse, based in the Lake District, focusing on micrometeorology, microclimate and synoptic processes.
OCEAN CIRCULATION	ENV-2A39	20
This module gives you an understanding of the physical processes occurring in the basin-scale ocean environment. We will introduce and discuss large scale global ocean circulation, including gyres, boundary currents and the overturning circulation. Major themes include the interaction between ocean and atmosphere, and the forces which drive ocean circulation. You should be familiar with partial differentiation, integration, handling equations and using calculators. Co-taught with ENV-MA39
OCEAN CIRCULATION (CW)	ENV-2A39C	20
This module gives you an understanding of the physical processes occurring in the basin-scale ocean environment. We will introduce and discuss large scale global ocean circulation, including gyres, boundary currents and the overturning circulation. Major themes include the interaction between ocean and atmosphere, and the forces which drive ocean circulation. You should be familiar with partial differentiation, integration, handling equations and using calculators. Co-taught with ENV-MA39. THIS MODULE IS FOR VISITING STUDENT ONLY.
RESEARCH SKILLS FOR SOCIAL SCIENTISTS	ENV-2A90	10
The study of society and its relationship to the natural environment poses distinct research challenges and social science presents a range of approaches and methods with which to address these problems. This module provides an introduction to the theory and practice of social science research. It covers research design, sampling, data collection, data analysis and interpretation, and presentation of results. It is recommended for any student intending to carry out a social science-based research project. Taught in the first half of the semester.
SEDIMENTOLOGY	ENV-2A25	20
Understanding modern and ancient depositional environments: their processes and products. Economic and environmental aspects of sediments.
SEDIMENTOLOGY (CW)	ENV-2A25C	20
Coursework only version of ENV-2A25 - NB reserved for autumn semester visiting students and those students taking ENV-2G02 Semester in Australia only.
SOIL ENVIRONMENTS AND PROCESSES (CW)	ENV-2A27C	20
This module will combine lectures, practicals, seminars and fieldwork to provide students with an appreciation of the soil environment and the processes that occurs within it. The module will progress through: basic soil components/properties; soil identification and classification; soil as a habitat; soil organisms; soils functions;the agricultural environment; soil-organism-agrochemical interation. This coursework only version is reserved for autumn semester visiting students.
SOIL PROCESSES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES	ENV-2A27	20
This module will combine lectures, practicals, seminars and fieldwork to provide students with an appreciation of the soil environment and the processes that occurs within it. The module will progress through: basic soil components/properties; soil identification and classification; soil as a habitat; soil organisms; soil functions; the agricultural environment; soil-organism-agrochemical interaction; soil contamination; soil and climate change.
SOLID EARTH GEOPHYSICS	ENV-2A12	20
What lies beneath our feet? This module addresses this question by exploring how waves, rays and the various physical techniques are used in geophysics to image the subsurface on scales of metres to kilometres . The basic theory and interpretation methods of seismic, electrical and gravity and magnetic surveys are studied. A wide range of applications is covered including archaeological geophysics, energy resources and geohazards. Students doing this module are normally expected to have a good mathematical ability, notably in calculus and algebra before taking this module (ENV-1A61 Mathematics for Scientists I, ENV-1A62 Mathematics for Scientists II or equivalent).
SOLID EARTH GEOPHYSICS WITH FIELDCOURSE	ENV-2A12K	20
What lies beneath our feet? This module addresses this question by exploring how waves, rays and the various physical techniques are used in geophysics to image the subsurface on scales of meters to kilometres. The basic theory and interpretation methods of seismic, electrical and gravity and magnetic surveys are studied. A wide range of applications is covered including archaeological geophysics, energy resources and geohazards. The fieldcourse provides "hands-on" experience of the various techniques and applications, adding on valuable practical skills. This module is highly valued by employers in industry; guest industrial lecturers will cover the current 'state-of-the-art' applications in real world situations. Students doing this module are normally expected to have a good mathematical ability, notably in calculus and algebra before taking this module (ENV-1A61 Mathematics for Scientists I, ENV-1A62 Mathematics for Scientists II or equivalent).
WAVES, TIDES AND SHALLOW WATER PROCESSES	ENV-2A40	20
This module will explore physical processes in the ocean, building on what you learnt in Ocean Circulation. There will be a focus on applications of ocean physics to shelf seas. Topics will include: Tide generation, forces, harmonic tidal analysis of time series, propagation in shallow seas; Surface and internal waves, their role in air-sea exchange and upper ocean mixing; Role of tides and internal waves in global ocean mixing; Impact of ocean physics on biogeochemical processes, including seasonal phytoplankton blooms and shelf sea fronts; Remote sensing of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll shelf seas. Estuarine circulation and sediment transport; Applications of ocean physics to water quality and pollution monitoring; Role of ocean science in the marine energy industry. This module is designed to follow on from ENV-2A39, which is a pre-requisite. We strongly recommend that you also gain experience of marine fieldwork by taking the 20-credit biennial Marine Sciences fieldcourse, next running in June 2013.
YEAR ABROAD IN EUROPE	ENV-2Y2Y	120
A year long course of study at a continental European university currently, we offer exchanges with universities in Sweden, France and Spain. The exact form of assessment will vary from institution to institution and will normally be conducted in the language of the host country. The modules studied overseas must be approved in advance by the Course Director. All changes whilst abroad must also be approved in advance by the Course Director.
YEAR ABROAD IN NORTH AMERICA	ENV-2Y1Y	120
Modules taken at an overseas university subject to the approval of the Course Director.
YEAR IN AUSTRALASIA	ENV-2Y4Y	120
Modules are taken at a university in Australia or New Zealand, and those taken are subject to approval by the course director.
YEAR IN INDUSTRY	ENV-2Y5Y	100
This module represents the year spent on work placement by students registered on an ENV programme incorporating a year in industry. Assessment is purely on a pass/fail basis with respect to completing a work placement, complementary to the degree, of at least nine months duration. A separate compulsory module, CCE-2A2Y, associated with the year in industry, does have additional assignments.

Free Choice Study (20 credits)

Students will select modules worth 20 credits from the course catalogue with the approval of their School

Compulsory Study (60 credits)

Students must study the following modules for 60 credits:

Name	Code	Credits
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE	ENV-3A20	20
An exploration of both the scientific causes of global environmental change and the integrative and complex nature of the societal response to such changes. An examination of attempts to predict future trends in the global environmental over the next few centuries. Topics covered include climate change, the carbon cycle, global pollution, and sea level rise. Group projects will tackle multi-disciplinary topics within these areas, using research literature and by interaction with researchers currently in these fields.
INDEPENDENT PROJECT	ENV-3A91	40
The project is an independent piece of research. With guidance from a supervisor, each student chooses a topic, designs the research and collects, analyses and interprets data. The student is expected to report on progress at various stages: in the selection of a topic, the detailed plan, an interim report and an oral presentation. A final report in the form of a dissertation not exceeding 10,000 words is required, together with a research poster which summarises the main aspects of the work. This module is compulsory for several degree courses in the School of Environmental Sciences and is restricted to Environmental Sciences students.

Option A Study (20 credits)

Students will select 20 credits from the following modules:

Name	Code	Credits
ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION: MEASUREMENT AND MODELLING	ENV-3A80	20
Emissions of gases and other pollutants from human activities are critical drivers of phenomena such as climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, degradation of air quality in urban and rural areas, long-range transport of air pollution, and changes in aerosol and cloud physical properties. To understand these impacts it is necessary to make atmospheric measurements of chemical composition and physical parameters, and to interpret these observations with a range of statistical, conceptual, and computer-based models. In this module you will be introduced to a range of modern atmospheric measurements techniques, both those used in the field and in the laboratory. Consideration will be given to the relevant chemical and physical processes that are required to understand these observations. You will also learn about a range of interpretive techniques including numerical models, and you will put some of these in to practice.
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND HUMAN SOCIETY	ENV-3A17	20
This is an inter-disciplinary module focusing on the interaction between ecology, biodiversity and human societies. It examines the human drivers of biodiversity loss, the importance of biodiversity to human society, conflicts between human society and conservation and how these can be resolved, and institutions for biodiversity conservation and environmental management. It is designed for students of Biology, Ecology, Environmental Science, Environmental Geography and International Development and Development Studies. This inter-disciplinary module does not require previous detailed knowledge of ecological mechanisms; where a simple understanding of key ecological processes is important, this will be reviewed and taught in class. Key principles, issues and theory are covered in lectures by UEA faculty. These are supported by case studies from external speakers working in conservation, environmental and resource management agencies and NGOs. The module will comprise 2 core lectures plus one workshop / seminar / outside speaker each week. The module will be assessed by a spring semester exam and coursework designed to develop skills in reviewing and interpreting evidence to non-scientists. This will comprise a briefing paper written for non-specialist policy makers, reviewing scientific evidence and areas of uncertainty on a conservation topic, and providing recommendations for UK government policy and identifying research needed, involving both group (written report max 1500 words, conducted in pairs) and individual (powerpoint slideshow: a summary presentation for policy makers) elements. There are no formal prerequisites, but the module complements and builds on a number of 200 level module including: ENV / BIO 200 level core ecology modules (ie, populations, processes), ENV2A8Y Economics of the Environment, ENV-2A06 Environmental Politics and Policy Making, DEV-2C63 Natural Resources for Development II, DEV-2D64 Natural Resources for Development III.
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND HUMAN SOCIETY (CW)	ENV-3A17C	20
This is an inter-disciplinary module focusing on the interaction between ecology, biodiversity and human societies. It examines the human drivers of biodiversity loss, the importance of biodiversity to human society, conflicts between human society and conservation and how these can be resolved, and institutions for biodiversity conservation and environmental management. It is designed for students of Biology, Ecology, Environmental Geography and international Development and Development Studies. This inter-disciplinary module does not require previous detailed knowledge of ecological mechanisms; where a simple understanding of key ecological processes is important, this will be reviewed and taught in class. Key principles, issues and theory are covered in lectures by UEA faculty. These are supported by case studies from external speakers working in conservation, environmental and resource management agencies and NGOs. The module will be assessed by a spring semester exam and coursework designed to develop skills in reviewing and interpreting evidence to non-scientists. This will comprise a briefing paper written for on-specialist policy makers reviewing scientific evidence and areas of uncertainty on a conservation topic, and providing recommendations for UK government policy and identifying research needed, involving both group (written report max 1500 words conducted in pairs) and individual (PowerPoint slideshow: a summary presentation for policy makers) elements. There are no formal prerequisites, but the module complements and builds on a number of 200 level units including ENV/BIO 200 level core ecology modules (i.e. populations, processes) ENV-2A8Y Economics of the Environment, ENV-2A06 Environmental politics and Policy Making, DEV-2C63 Natural Resources for Development II, DEV-2D64 Natural Resources for Development III. (Alternative assessment version for autumn semester visiting students.)
BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE ECOLOGY	ENV-3A15	20
This module examines the biological and ecological processes that underpin our dependence on, and use of, the marine environment for 'goods and services'. Students will study the ecology of marine organisms (from bacteria to fish) which provide the 'services' of climate modulation, nutrient regeneration and food production, threats to the sustainability of these services and the management challenges that result. The module will cover the biodiversity and molecular ecology of bacteria,diatoms, coccolithophores and nitrogen fixers, the physiology and distribution of zooplankton, the ecology of exploited populations and management of the marine environment including fisheries. Example ecosystems such as polar regions, mid ocean gyres and Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems will be studied in detail, and predictions of the impact of environmental change (increasing temperature, decreasing pH, decreasing oxygen, changes in nutrient supply and human exploitation) on marine ecosystem dynamics, will be examined. The module also includes lectures and workshops by biological oceanographers from the Centre for the Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS).
BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE ECOLOGY	ENV-3A15C	20
This module examines the biological and ecological processes that underpin our dependence on, and use of, the marine environment for ‘goods and services’. Students will study the ecology of marine organisms (from bacteria to fish) which provide the ‘services’ of climate modulation, nutrient regeneration and food production, threats to the sustainability of these services and the management challenges that result. The module will cover the biodiversity and molecular ecology of bacteria, diatoms, coccolithophores and nitrogen fixers, the physiology and distribution of zooplankton, the ecology of exploited populations and management of the marine environment including fisheries. Example ecosystems such as the Antarctic, mid ocean gyres and Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems will be studied in detail, and predictions of the impact of environmental change (increasing temperature, decreasing pH, increasing oxygen minimum zones, changes in nutrient supply and human exploitation) on marine ecosystem dynamics, will be examined. Biological oceanographic methods will be critically discussed. The module also includes lectures and workshops by biological oceanographers from British Antarctic Survey (BAS), the Centre for the Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS) and the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation of Ocean Science (SAHFOS). The module is designed for students with some prior knowledge of ecological techniques, and so ENV-2A01 Aquatic Ecology is a pre-requisite. (Alternative assessment version for autumn semester visiting students.)
CATCHMENT WATER RESOURCES	ENV-3A60	20
This module will adopt an integrated approach to studying surface water and groundwater resources in river basins. Approaches to catchment management will be considered in the context of improving water-dependent terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Topics of climate change impacts on water resources in terms of droughts and floods, as well as water quality issues arising from changing land-use patterns will be considered, together with the engineering and socio-economic methods necessary to adapt to future pressures on water resources. Co-taught with ENV-MA60.
CLIMATE CHANGE: PHYSICAL SCIENCE BASIS	ENV-3A49	20
Climate change and variability has played a major role in shaping human history and the prospect of a warming world as a result of human activities (global warming) presents society with an increasing challenge over the coming decades. This module covers the science of climate change, our current understanding of anthropogenic effects on climate, and the uncertainties/limitations of our scientific knowledge. It provides details about the approaches, methods and techniques for understanding the history of climate change and for developing climate projections for the next 100 years, supporting further study of the scientific or policy aspects of the subject in either an academic or applied context. Co-taught with ENV-MA49.
EARTH AND LIFE	ENV-3A38	20
This module introduces Earth system science, taking a top-down approach to the Earth as a whole system, and tracing its development since its formation 4.5 billion years ago. The main focus is on the coupled evolution of life and its environment through a series of revolutions. Theoretical approaches are introduced, including Gaia, feedback mechanisms and systems theory, and practical sessions use models to build up conceptual understanding. The subject is inherently inter-disciplinary, including aspects of biology, chemistry and physics, and unifying the study of climate and global biogeochemical cycles. Co-taught with ENV-MA38.
EARTHQUAKE AND VOLCANIC HAZARDS	ENV-3A04	20
The aim of the module is to be able to solve geophysical problems (both physical and chemical) in a methodical way. Problems will be described conceptionally, then defined mathematically, then solved numerically. Emphasis on numerical solutions to partial differential equations encountered in geophysical sciences: their stability and accuracy. Case studies from meteorology, oceanography, hydrology and geophysics. Extensive project work involved.
EARTHQUAKE AND VOLCANIC HAZARDS WITH FIELDCOURSE	ENV-3A04K	20
Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions have significant environmental and societal impacts. This module focuses on the physical basis and analysis of each hazard, their global range of occurrence and their global impact. The module also addresses approaches towards hazard mitigation and minimising vulnerability, with an emphasis on their practical implication. Scenarios and probabilities occurrence of mega-disasters are also investigated. A one week field trip in Scotland takes place to introduce you to various aspects of natural hazards and in particular to faulting and earthquake hazards. This module is co-taught with ENV-MA04K
FIELD COURSE TO EAST AFRICA	ENV-3A55K	20
This fourteen-day field course to a remote part of north-western Kenya is set provisionally to run in late June/early July 2013 and only if 24 students accept a place. A significant personal contribution towards costs is required. The field course will be advertised in November 2012 via emails to eligible students and applications are made directly to the module organizer. Places will be offered and must be accepted before the Christmas Break. Planning begins in February 2013 and preparatory sessions are held throughout the Spring Semester. All preparation sessions are compulsory and involve lectures (1-2 pm on Wednesdays), tutorials for working groups (unslotted), first-aid training and attendance at a travel clinic. With the help of a project adviser, three-person groups develop a project design that will test in Kenya hypotheses in ecology, social science or an interdisciplinary combination of these. Different projects have different learning outcomes depending on the subject of the project. All projects work within limits set by health and safety. This module is incompatible with any Spring semester module that uses Wednesdays 1-2 pm for formal or informal classes.
FOSSIL FUEL	ENV-3A33	20
Geological, economic and political aspects of fossil fuels (oil, natural gas and coal) are introduced. These are used to discuss environmental concerns arising from the use of fossil fuels, and the potentially profound implications of future fuel scarcity. This module is suitable for students taking degrees in the School of Environmental Sciences. Some knowledge of Earth Science will be expected. Before taking this module you must take or be taking at least 20 credits or Earth Science or Geophysics modules at honours level.
FOSSIL FUEL (CW)	ENV-3A33C	20
Geological, economic and political aspects of fossil fuels (oil, natural gas and coal) are introduced. These are used to discuss environmental concerns arising from the use of fossil fuels, and the potentially profound implications of future fuel scarcity. CW only version of ENV-3A33 for Autumn Visiting Students only. Students should have some background knowledge of Earth Science or Geophysics.
GEOSCIENCES FIELDCOURSE	ENV-3A57K	20
This module is designed to promote a deeper understanding and integration of geoscience subjects: the fieldwork will usually concentrate on aspects of structural geology, regional tectonics, hydrogeology, sedimentology, palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironments, metamorphic geology and volcanology. A key feature of the course is that the location is chosen where there are excellent and substantial exposures of rock formation showing evidence of processes. The field base alternates between the Aegean (Greece) and Western Ireland, and the detailed content will reflect the field sites.
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE	ENV-3A20	20
An exploration of both the scientific causes of global environmental change and the integrative and complex nature of the societal response to such changes. An examination of attempts to predict future trends in the global environmental over the next few centuries. Topics covered include climate change, the carbon cycle, global pollution, and sea level rise. Group projects will tackle multi-disciplinary topics within these areas, using research literature and by interaction with researchers currently in these fields.
Human Geography of Climate Change	ENV-3A40	20
This module builds on, and complements, the Year 2 module Climate Change: history, economics and governance, but focuses on sociological, psychological and cultural approaches to understanding climate change in society. Climate change risks and opportunities are perceived very differently within and between societies and this module will explore some of the reasons for this, including issues such as cultural cognition of risk, climate change ethics, science controversies and climate contrarianism. The module will also consider how climate change is represented in the media through language, metaphor and image, practices which shape public and policy discourse around climate change. In recent years, the creative arts have engaged the idea of climate change through the imagination – in film, fiction and visual form. Some of this work will be introduced and analysed in terms of communication, engagement and human values. Students will have a chance to explore some of these aspects through mini-projects which will be discussed in class seminars.
INDEPENDENT PROJECT	ENV-3A91	40
The project is an independent piece of research. With guidance from a supervisor, each student chooses a topic, designs the research and collects, analyses and interprets data. The student is expected to report on progress at various stages: in the selection of a topic, the detailed plan, an interim report and an oral presentation. A final report in the form of a dissertation not exceeding 10,000 words is required, together with a research poster which summarises the main aspects of the work. This module is compulsory for several degree courses in the School of Environmental Sciences and is restricted to Environmental Sciences students.
MODELLING ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES	ENV-3A11	20
The aim of the module is to show how geophysical problems may be solved from the initial problem, to mathematical formulation and numerical solution. Problems will be described conceptually, then defined mathematically, then solved numerically via computer programming. The module consists of lectures on numerical methods and computing practicals (Matlab): the practicals being designed to illustrate the solution of problems using the methods covered in lectures. The module will guide students through the solution of a geophysical problem of their own choosing. The problem will be discussed and placed into context through an essay, and then solved and written up in a project report.
NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS	ENV-3A44	20
Have you ever wondered why human economic activity seems to be so bad for the environment? Does it have to be like that? Is it possible for human beings to enjoy high standards of living and a high quality environment? Through the study of the principles of Environmental Economics this course sets out to answer those questions. Addressing a wide-range of economy-environment problems including car pollution, over-fishing, climate change and declining oil stocks, the course shows that most environmental problems can be solved through the adoption of policies crafted with the careful application of economic reasoning. Co-taught with ENV-MA44.
PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY	ENV-3A58	20
This module investigates the geological evidence for major environmental changes through Earth history. It will explore selected topics that relate to the extent, timing and causes of past variations of climate as expressed through changes in the fossil and geological record. Lectures will draw on information from marine, ice core, terrestrial and lacustrine climate archives. Radiometric dating techniques and geochemical/quantitative methods of palaeoenvironmental reconstruction will be examined in practical classes. The module includes half-day excursions to examine key geological field sites in East Anglia. Co-taught with ENV-MA58. STUDENTS MUST TAKE EITHER ENV-2A30 EARTH SYSTEM GEOCHEMISTRY OR ENV-2A25 SEDIMENTOLOGY PRIOR TO TAKING THIS MODULE
PARTICIPATORY ENVIRONMENTAL DECISION-MAKING	ENV-3A54	20
This module explores the rise of deliberative and participatory approaches to science and decision-making as one of the most significant recent developments in the environmental field. It examines: the theories, rationales and methods of participatory environmental decision-making (PEDM); their application in different institutional, social and geographical contexts; evaluation of participatory process effectiveness; and emerging critiques of participation. There is an emphasis on case studies to address these themes, developing practical as well as theoretical understandings of participatory approaches, and associated skills in facilitating environmental deliberation. Co-taught with ENV-MA54.
POLLUTION, TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY	ENV-3A08	20
Multidisciplinary module about problems of managing pollution, focussing on regional and urban issues, this module will unashamedly shift viewpoint between chemical, legislative, economic, historical and social interpretations of pollution.
THE CARBON CYCLE AND CLIMATE CHANGE	ENV-3A31	20
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the greenhouse gas which has, by far, the greatest impact on climate change. CO2 is becoming even more important owing to continued fossil fuel emissions and its very long lifetime in the atmosphere. Predicting future climate or defining ‘dangerous’ climate change is challenging, in large part because the Earth’s carbon cycle is very complex and not fully understood. You will learn about the atmospheric, oceanic and terrestrial components of the carbon cycle, how they interact with each other, and how they interact with climate in so-called ‘feedbacks’. The understanding of the carbon cycle gained from this module is a vital foundation for all climate change research. Emphasis is given to the most recent, cutting-edge research in the field. Co-taught with ENV-MA31.
THE CARBON CYCLE AND CLIMATE CHANGE (CW)	ENV-3A31C	20
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the greenhouse gas which has, by far, the greatest impact on climate change. CO2 is becoming even more important owing to continued fossil fuel emissions and its very long lifetime in the atmosphere. Predicting future climate or defining ‘dangerous’ climate change is challenging, in large part because the Earth’s carbon cycle is very complex and not fully understood. You will learn about the atmospheric, oceanic and terrestrial components of the carbon cycle, how they interact with each other, and how they interact with climate in so-called ‘feedbacks’. The understanding of the carbon cycle gained from this module is a vital foundation for all climate change research. Emphasis is given to the most recent, cutting-edge research in the field. Co-taught with ENV-MA31.
THEORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT	ENV-3A63	20
Environmental assessment is a term used to describe procedures for evaluating the potential environmental consequences of policies, programmes, plans and projects. It is a well established tool for environmental policy integration, being routinely employed in more than 100 nations and by many international aid and funding agencies. This multidisciplinary module focuses on the theory and methods of environmental assessment and the decision-making contexts in which they are employed. It explains the procedural stages of, and selected methodologies for, environmental assessment and provides practical experience in applying them. Co-taught with ENV-MA63.
THEORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (CW)	ENV-3A63C	20
Environmental assessment is a term used to describe procedures for evaluating the potential environmental consequences of policies, programmes, plans and projects. It is a well established tool for environmental policy integration, being routinely employed in more than 100 nations and by many international aid and funding agencies. This multidisciplinary module focuses on the theory and methods of environmental assessment and the decision-making contexts in which they are employed. It explains the procedural stages of, and selected methodologies for, environmental assessment and provides practical experience in applying them. Co-taught with ENV-MA63. COURSEWORK ONLY VERSION FOR VISITING STUDENTS

Option B Study (20 credits)

Students will select 20 credits from the following modules:

Name	Code	Credits
AQUATIC ECOLOGY	ENV-2A01	20
An analysis of how biological, chemical and physical influences shape the biological communities of rivers, lakes and estuaries in temperate and tropical regions. There is an important practical component to this module and the first of the three pieces of written work involves statistical analysis of class data. The module fits well with other ecology modules and can also be taken alongside geochemical, sedimentological or hydrological modules. The module may also appeal to students with interests in international development. Pre-requisite requirements: A first-year ecology module in either ENV or in the School of Biological Sciences or an A-level in a biological subject or a biologically biased access course plus familiarity with basic statistics and data analysis.
AQUATIC ECOLOGY (CW)	ENV-2A01C	20
An analysis of how biological, chemical and physical influences shape the biological communities of rivers, lakes and estuaries in temperate and tropical regions. There is an important practical component to this module and the first of the three pieces of written work involves statistical analysis of class data. The module fits well with other ecology modules and can also be taken alongside geochemical, sedimentological or hydrological modules. The module may also appeal to students with interests in international development. Pre-requisite requirements: An academic background in ecology at first year undergraduate level plus familiarity with basic statistics and data analysis.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND GLOBAL CHANGE	ENV-2A37	20
Atmospheric chemistry and global change are in the news: stratospheric ozone depletion, acid rain, climate change, photochemical smog, global-scale air pollution, etc. This module covers the fundamental chemical principles and processes involving gases and particles in Earth’s changing atmosphere. It comprises lectures, problem solving classes, practical and computing labs, as well as a field trip to UEA's own atmospheric observatory in Weybourne/North Norfolk.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND GLOBAL CHANGE (CW)	ENV-2A37C	20
Coursework only version of ENV-2A37 - NB reserved for autumn semester visiting students and those students taking ENV-2G02 Semester in Australia.
ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION: MEASUREMENT AND MODELLING	ENV-3A80	20
Emissions of gases and other pollutants from human activities are critical drivers of phenomena such as climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, degradation of air quality in urban and rural areas, long-range transport of air pollution, and changes in aerosol and cloud physical properties. To understand these impacts it is necessary to make atmospheric measurements of chemical composition and physical parameters, and to interpret these observations with a range of statistical, conceptual, and computer-based models. In this module you will be introduced to a range of modern atmospheric measurements techniques, both those used in the field and in the laboratory. Consideration will be given to the relevant chemical and physical processes that are required to understand these observations. You will also learn about a range of interpretive techniques including numerical models, and you will put some of these in to practice.
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND HUMAN SOCIETY	ENV-3A17	20
This is an inter-disciplinary module focusing on the interaction between ecology, biodiversity and human societies. It examines the human drivers of biodiversity loss, the importance of biodiversity to human society, conflicts between human society and conservation and how these can be resolved, and institutions for biodiversity conservation and environmental management. It is designed for students of Biology, Ecology, Environmental Science, Environmental Geography and International Development and Development Studies. This inter-disciplinary module does not require previous detailed knowledge of ecological mechanisms; where a simple understanding of key ecological processes is important, this will be reviewed and taught in class. Key principles, issues and theory are covered in lectures by UEA faculty. These are supported by case studies from external speakers working in conservation, environmental and resource management agencies and NGOs. The module will comprise 2 core lectures plus one workshop / seminar / outside speaker each week. The module will be assessed by a spring semester exam and coursework designed to develop skills in reviewing and interpreting evidence to non-scientists. This will comprise a briefing paper written for non-specialist policy makers, reviewing scientific evidence and areas of uncertainty on a conservation topic, and providing recommendations for UK government policy and identifying research needed, involving both group (written report max 1500 words, conducted in pairs) and individual (powerpoint slideshow: a summary presentation for policy makers) elements. There are no formal prerequisites, but the module complements and builds on a number of 200 level module including: ENV / BIO 200 level core ecology modules (ie, populations, processes), ENV2A8Y Economics of the Environment, ENV-2A06 Environmental Politics and Policy Making, DEV-2C63 Natural Resources for Development II, DEV-2D64 Natural Resources for Development III.
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND HUMAN SOCIETY (CW)	ENV-3A17C	20
This is an inter-disciplinary module focusing on the interaction between ecology, biodiversity and human societies. It examines the human drivers of biodiversity loss, the importance of biodiversity to human society, conflicts between human society and conservation and how these can be resolved, and institutions for biodiversity conservation and environmental management. It is designed for students of Biology, Ecology, Environmental Geography and international Development and Development Studies. This inter-disciplinary module does not require previous detailed knowledge of ecological mechanisms; where a simple understanding of key ecological processes is important, this will be reviewed and taught in class. Key principles, issues and theory are covered in lectures by UEA faculty. These are supported by case studies from external speakers working in conservation, environmental and resource management agencies and NGOs. The module will be assessed by a spring semester exam and coursework designed to develop skills in reviewing and interpreting evidence to non-scientists. This will comprise a briefing paper written for on-specialist policy makers reviewing scientific evidence and areas of uncertainty on a conservation topic, and providing recommendations for UK government policy and identifying research needed, involving both group (written report max 1500 words conducted in pairs) and individual (PowerPoint slideshow: a summary presentation for policy makers) elements. There are no formal prerequisites, but the module complements and builds on a number of 200 level units including ENV/BIO 200 level core ecology modules (i.e. populations, processes) ENV-2A8Y Economics of the Environment, ENV-2A06 Environmental politics and Policy Making, DEV-2C63 Natural Resources for Development II, DEV-2D64 Natural Resources for Development III. (Alternative assessment version for autumn semester visiting students.)
BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE ECOLOGY	ENV-3A15	20
This module examines the biological and ecological processes that underpin our dependence on, and use of, the marine environment for 'goods and services'. Students will study the ecology of marine organisms (from bacteria to fish) which provide the 'services' of climate modulation, nutrient regeneration and food production, threats to the sustainability of these services and the management challenges that result. The module will cover the biodiversity and molecular ecology of bacteria,diatoms, coccolithophores and nitrogen fixers, the physiology and distribution of zooplankton, the ecology of exploited populations and management of the marine environment including fisheries. Example ecosystems such as polar regions, mid ocean gyres and Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems will be studied in detail, and predictions of the impact of environmental change (increasing temperature, decreasing pH, decreasing oxygen, changes in nutrient supply and human exploitation) on marine ecosystem dynamics, will be examined. The module also includes lectures and workshops by biological oceanographers from the Centre for the Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS).
BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE ECOLOGY	ENV-3A15C	20
This module examines the biological and ecological processes that underpin our dependence on, and use of, the marine environment for ‘goods and services’. Students will study the ecology of marine organisms (from bacteria to fish) which provide the ‘services’ of climate modulation, nutrient regeneration and food production, threats to the sustainability of these services and the management challenges that result. The module will cover the biodiversity and molecular ecology of bacteria, diatoms, coccolithophores and nitrogen fixers, the physiology and distribution of zooplankton, the ecology of exploited populations and management of the marine environment including fisheries. Example ecosystems such as the Antarctic, mid ocean gyres and Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems will be studied in detail, and predictions of the impact of environmental change (increasing temperature, decreasing pH, increasing oxygen minimum zones, changes in nutrient supply and human exploitation) on marine ecosystem dynamics, will be examined. Biological oceanographic methods will be critically discussed. The module also includes lectures and workshops by biological oceanographers from British Antarctic Survey (BAS), the Centre for the Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS) and the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation of Ocean Science (SAHFOS). The module is designed for students with some prior knowledge of ecological techniques, and so ENV-2A01 Aquatic Ecology is a pre-requisite. (Alternative assessment version for autumn semester visiting students.)
CATCHMENT WATER RESOURCES	ENV-3A60	20
This module will adopt an integrated approach to studying surface water and groundwater resources in river basins. Approaches to catchment management will be considered in the context of improving water-dependent terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Topics of climate change impacts on water resources in terms of droughts and floods, as well as water quality issues arising from changing land-use patterns will be considered, together with the engineering and socio-economic methods necessary to adapt to future pressures on water resources. Co-taught with ENV-MA60.
CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY	ENV-2A45	20
Covers the major processes that set the chemical composition of the oceans, the distribution of nutrient, and carbon, the distribution of life in the oceans and the interaction of the oceans and atmosphere. how this interacts with the atmosphere to maintain the global environment of the Earth. Elements of physical oceanography and ocean circulation, of geochemistry, marine biology and global change science are covered.
CLIMATE CHANGE HISTORY, ECONOMICS AND GOVERNANCE (CW)	ENV-2A09C	20
Understanding modern and ancient depositional environments: their processes and products. Economic and environmental aspects of sediments.
CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENCE AND POLICY	ENV-2A09	20
Understanding modern and ancient depositional environments: their processes and products. Economic and environmental aspects of sediments.
CLIMATE CHANGE: PHYSICAL SCIENCE BASIS	ENV-3A49	20
Climate change and variability has played a major role in shaping human history and the prospect of a warming world as a result of human activities (global warming) presents society with an increasing challenge over the coming decades. This module covers the science of climate change, our current understanding of anthropogenic effects on climate, and the uncertainties/limitations of our scientific knowledge. It provides details about the approaches, methods and techniques for understanding the history of climate change and for developing climate projections for the next 100 years, supporting further study of the scientific or policy aspects of the subject in either an academic or applied context. Co-taught with ENV-MA49.
COMMUNITY, ECOSYSTEM AND MACRO-ECOLOGY	BIO-2B26	20
The module will introduce the main concepts in community, ecosystem and macro-ecology – patterns and processes related to species richness, diversity; stability; succession; primary and secondary productivity and energy flows. We will then examine how these concepts aid our understanding of the functioning of terrestrial and marine ecosystems.
EARTH AND LIFE	ENV-3A38	20
This module introduces Earth system science, taking a top-down approach to the Earth as a whole system, and tracing its development since its formation 4.5 billion years ago. The main focus is on the coupled evolution of life and its environment through a series of revolutions. Theoretical approaches are introduced, including Gaia, feedback mechanisms and systems theory, and practical sessions use models to build up conceptual understanding. The subject is inherently inter-disciplinary, including aspects of biology, chemistry and physics, and unifying the study of climate and global biogeochemical cycles. Co-taught with ENV-MA38.
EARTH SCIENCE FIELD SKILLS	ENV-2A98K	10
In addition to the laboratory-based skills offered in ENV 2A96 (Earth Science Skills) this module concentrates on Earth Science field observation, description and interpretation. During a residential course you will develop a field skill-set, which is designed for students planning an independent project requiring Earth Science field skills. This module is strongly recommended for Environmental Earth Science students. The primary focus will be on geological mapping, structure and stratigraphy, but this module may include hydrogeological, geochemical and Quaternary techniques depending on field location and staff availability Assessment is course work only. Students should have completed at least 40 credits of Earth Science or Geophysics modules before taking this module.
EARTH SCIENCE SKILLS	ENV-2A96	10
Good observational and descriptive skills lie at the heart of many areas of Environmental Science. This module is designed to develop those and is particularly suitable for students with interests in Earth and Geophysical Sciences. It will cover generic Earth Science skills of use for projects in this area. The module will include: observing, describing and recording the characteristics of geological materials (hand specimen and under microscope); measuring and representing 3d data, and reading geological maps. It will be taught mostly in laboratory classes and by self-study exercises. Taught in the second half of the semester. Before taking this module you must take (or be taking) at least 40 credits of Earth Science or Geophysics Modules at honours level.
EARTH SYSTEM GEOCHEMISTRY	ENV-2A30	20
Examines how the earth system and its geochemical cycling operate on both global and micro scales. Emphasis is on natural cycles, starting with big themes such as crust-hydrosphere-biosphere interaction and its effects on the long term C cycle, including regulation of carbon dioxide. Elements, isotopes, organic molecules (and their isotopic compositions) are used as tracers of processes and events in earth history. Organic matter, its chemistry and its relationship to both the C and S cycles is explored. Dating of geological materials with radiometric methods is introduced. The course explores themes in both deep time (millions of years) and more recent glacial-interglacial cycles (thousands to hundreds of thousands of years).
EARTHQUAKE AND VOLCANIC HAZARDS	ENV-3A04	20
The aim of the module is to be able to solve geophysical problems (both physical and chemical) in a methodical way. Problems will be described conceptionally, then defined mathematically, then solved numerically. Emphasis on numerical solutions to partial differential equations encountered in geophysical sciences: their stability and accuracy. Case studies from meteorology, oceanography, hydrology and geophysics. Extensive project work involved.
EARTHQUAKE AND VOLCANIC HAZARDS WITH FIELDCOURSE	ENV-3A04K	20
Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions have significant environmental and societal impacts. This module focuses on the physical basis and analysis of each hazard, their global range of occurrence and their global impact. The module also addresses approaches towards hazard mitigation and minimising vulnerability, with an emphasis on their practical implication. Scenarios and probabilities occurrence of mega-disasters are also investigated. A one week field trip in Scotland takes place to introduce you to various aspects of natural hazards and in particular to faulting and earthquake hazards. This module is co-taught with ENV-MA04K
EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS	ENV-2B52	10
In this module you will acquire the generic work-ready skills relevant to graduate level employment in the Environmental business sector. The module objectives and content is shaped by consultation with managers of business in the Environmental Sciences sector including Local Government, Providers of Environmental Services and Utilities, Energy Exploration, Sustainable Energy Resources, Conservation and Not-for-profit organisations. These highly desirable work-ready skills that are currently lacking in the majority of graduate students will be taught through a theoretical understanding and supported by practice of skills through environmental case studies that include sessions led by guest speakers associated with a range of Environmental business.
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY	ENV-2A92	10
This module is designed to teach skills necessary for the acquisition of good quality chemical data in environmental systems, and in the interpretation of this data. The module will focus on the collection of environmental samples for chemical analysis, methods of chemical analysis and the analytical and mathematical techniques used for data quality control. There will be a large component of practical work. This module will be particularly relevant for those wishing to do a chemistry-related project later in their degree. Taught in the first half of the semester.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS AND POLICY MAKING	ENV-2A06	20
Examines the theoretical and empirical development of environmental politics in modern society (mostly in the European Union) including: the sources of modern environmentalism and its many manifestations in modern policy making systems; the environmental policies of the UK and the European Union; different theories of political power and public policy making; the role of environmental pressure groups and business; global environmental politics and policy making. The module draws heavily on the theoretical interpretation of everyday examples of politics, which are explored in student seminar presentations and in an extended case study (i.e. essay). This module is co-convened by Professor Andrew Jordan and Dr Irene Lorenzoni.
FIELD COURSE TO EAST AFRICA	ENV-3A55K	20
This fourteen-day field course to a remote part of north-western Kenya is set provisionally to run in late June/early July 2013 and only if 24 students accept a place. A significant personal contribution towards costs is required. The field course will be advertised in November 2012 via emails to eligible students and applications are made directly to the module organizer. Places will be offered and must be accepted before the Christmas Break. Planning begins in February 2013 and preparatory sessions are held throughout the Spring Semester. All preparation sessions are compulsory and involve lectures (1-2 pm on Wednesdays), tutorials for working groups (unslotted), first-aid training and attendance at a travel clinic. With the help of a project adviser, three-person groups develop a project design that will test in Kenya hypotheses in ecology, social science or an interdisciplinary combination of these. Different projects have different learning outcomes depending on the subject of the project. All projects work within limits set by health and safety. This module is incompatible with any Spring semester module that uses Wednesdays 1-2 pm for formal or informal classes.
FIELD ECOLOGY	BIO-2B21	20
Students explore the ecology of moorlands, bogs, sand dunes, rocky shores, estuaries and woodlands. Students should develop skills in identifying plants and animals using scientific keys, carrying out quantitative surveys and statistically analysing their data. Strong emphasis is placed on student-lead project work. The bulk of the teaching takes place on a two week field course in Western Ireland, that runs immediately before the start of the Autumn Semester.
FOSSIL FUEL	ENV-3A33	20
Geological, economic and political aspects of fossil fuels (oil, natural gas and coal) are introduced. These are used to discuss environmental concerns arising from the use of fossil fuels, and the potentially profound implications of future fuel scarcity. This module is suitable for students taking degrees in the School of Environmental Sciences. Some knowledge of Earth Science will be expected. Before taking this module you must take or be taking at least 20 credits or Earth Science or Geophysics modules at honours level.
FOSSIL FUEL (CW)	ENV-3A33C	20
Geological, economic and political aspects of fossil fuels (oil, natural gas and coal) are introduced. These are used to discuss environmental concerns arising from the use of fossil fuels, and the potentially profound implications of future fuel scarcity. CW only version of ENV-3A33 for Autumn Visiting Students only. Students should have some background knowledge of Earth Science or Geophysics.
GEODYNAMICS: EARTH'S ENGINE	ENV-2A43	20
Processes in the Earth’s interior have exerted a profound influence on all aspects of the Earth’s system through geological time. This module is designed to explore all aspects of those processes from the creation and destruction of tectonic plates to the structure of the Earth’s interior and the distribution and dissipation of energy within it. This will include: the theory and mechanisms of plate tectonics, the heat distribution of the Earth’s interior, the generation of magma and volcanism; the mechanisms behind earthquakes and distribution of seismic energy. The geological record of this activity, its evolution and impacts on the Earth will also be discussed.
GEODYNAMICS: EARTH'S ENGINE (CW)	ENV-2A43C	20
Processes in the Earth’s interior have exerted a profound influence on all aspects of the Earth’s system through geological time. This module is designed to explore all aspects of those processes from the creation and destruction of tectonic plates to the structure of the Earth’s interior and the distribution and dissipation of energy within it. This will include: the theory and mechanisms of plate tectonics, the heat distribution of the Earth’s interior, the generation of magma and volcanism; the mechanisms behind earthquakes and distribution of seismic energy. The geological record of this activity, its evolution and impacts on the Earth will also be discussed. THIS IS FOR VISITING STUDENTS ONLY.
GEOSCIENCES FIELDCOURSE	ENV-3A57K	20
This module is designed to promote a deeper understanding and integration of geoscience subjects: the fieldwork will usually concentrate on aspects of structural geology, regional tectonics, hydrogeology, sedimentology, palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironments, metamorphic geology and volcanology. A key feature of the course is that the location is chosen where there are excellent and substantial exposures of rock formation showing evidence of processes. The field base alternates between the Aegean (Greece) and Western Ireland, and the detailed content will reflect the field sites.
GIS SKILLS FOR DISSERTATIONS	ENV-2A94	10
This module focuses on the practical use of GIS for dissertations. After an introductory ‘refresher’ of GIS basics it will review the different techniques that can be used to create and edit data in a GIS, as well as existing digital databases from which map data can be extracted and downloaded. Particular attention will be given to Ordnance Survey mapping for the UK, but other international resources will also be discussed. The module will emphasise issues of error and uncertainty as they apply to spatial data and introduce the use of the ArcGIS ModelBuilder as a way of documenting and efficiently repeating more complex analysis procedures. Assessment will be through a small group project involving the download, integration, analysis and display of spatial data. Taught in the second half of the semester.
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE	ENV-3A20	20
An exploration of both the scientific causes of global environmental change and the integrative and complex nature of the societal response to such changes. An examination of attempts to predict future trends in the global environmental over the next few centuries. Topics covered include climate change, the carbon cycle, global pollution, and sea level rise. Group projects will tackle multi-disciplinary topics within these areas, using research literature and by interaction with researchers currently in these fields.
HYDROLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY	ENV-2A65	20
An introduction to hydrology and hydrogeology: the basic equations describing fluid movement in groundwater systems will be derived and applied. The main techniques to investigate groundwater flow systems are highlighted. Water circulation within river catchments is discussed by means of the catchment water balance. The physical process represented by each component of the water balance will be covered as well as the current methods of quantifying these fluxes of water within the catchment . Principles of catchment modelling are outlined.
HYDROLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY (CW)	ENV-2A65C	20
An introduction to hydrology and hydrogeology: the basic equations describing fluid movement in groundwater systems will be derived and applied. The main techniques to investigate groundwater flow systems are highlighted. Water circulation within river catchments is discussed by means of the catchment water balance. The physical process represented by each component of the water balance will be covered as well as the current methods of quantifying these fluxes of water within the catchment . Principles of catchment modelling are outlined. Coursework only version for Visiting Students.
Human Geography of Climate Change	ENV-3A40	20
This module builds on, and complements, the Year 2 module Climate Change: history, economics and governance, but focuses on sociological, psychological and cultural approaches to understanding climate change in society. Climate change risks and opportunities are perceived very differently within and between societies and this module will explore some of the reasons for this, including issues such as cultural cognition of risk, climate change ethics, science controversies and climate contrarianism. The module will also consider how climate change is represented in the media through language, metaphor and image, practices which shape public and policy discourse around climate change. In recent years, the creative arts have engaged the idea of climate change through the imagination – in film, fiction and visual form. Some of this work will be introduced and analysed in terms of communication, engagement and human values. Students will have a chance to explore some of these aspects through mini-projects which will be discussed in class seminars.
INDEPENDENT PROJECT	ENV-3A91	40
The project is an independent piece of research. With guidance from a supervisor, each student chooses a topic, designs the research and collects, analyses and interprets data. The student is expected to report on progress at various stages: in the selection of a topic, the detailed plan, an interim report and an oral presentation. A final report in the form of a dissertation not exceeding 10,000 words is required, together with a research poster which summarises the main aspects of the work. This module is compulsory for several degree courses in the School of Environmental Sciences and is restricted to Environmental Sciences students.
INTERACTIONS AND POPULATIONS	ENV-2A35	20
Ecology can be defined as the scientific study of how organisms interact with each other and their physical environment. In this module we will look closely at how interactions between individuals determine the structure and functioning of populations. We will start by considering antagonistic interactions between members of different trophic levels, their evolution and the possible coevolution. The nature of these interactions will be analysed by examining the rules that determine how animals behave while foraging, including evolution of optimal foraging strategies in relation to both diet width and patchy environments. Consideration of competition will lead into the population consequences of both within trophic level and between trophic level interactions. We will examine basic concepts of population ecology- age structure, limits to growth, time delays and density dependence illustrated using simple models and case studies of plant and animal populations set within an evolutionary context. We will move on to consider the role of mutualistic interactions in dispersal processes and spatially explicit population processes including the effect of landscape structure on population dynamics, metapopulation dynamics, ecological mechanisms (dispersal, predation) and community structure. A-level Biology is an acceptable alternative pre-requisite for this module. Please note: you cannot take this module if you have already taken ENV-2A03, BIO-2B03 or ENV-2A28.
INTERACTIONS AND POPULATIONS (CW)	ENV-2A35C	20
Ecology can be defined as the scientific study of how organisms interact with each other and their physical environment. In this module we will look closely at how interactions between individuals determine the structure and functioning of populations. We will start by considering antagonistic interactions between members of different trophic levels, their evolution and the possible coevolution. The nature of these interactions will be analysed by examining the rules that determine how animals behave while foraging, including evolution of optimal foraging strategies in relation to both diet width and patchy environments. Consideration of competition will lead into the population consequences of both within trophic level and between trophic level interactions. We will examine basic concepts of population ecology- age structure, limits to growth, time delays and density dependence illustrated using simple models and case studies of plant and animal populations set within an evolutionary context. We will move on to consider the role of mutualistic interactions in dispersal processes and spatially explicit population processes including the effect of landscape structure on population dynamics, metapopulation dynamics, ecological mechanisms (dispersal, predation) and community structure. A-level Biology is an acceptable alternative pre-requisite for this module. Please note: you cannot take this module if you have already taken ENV-2A03, BIO-2B03 or ENV-2A28. (Alternative assessment version for autumn semester visiting students.)
LOW CARBON ENERGY	ENV-2A82	20
This module will focus on the decarbonisation of energy supply and demand in a carbon constrained world. It will examine the role of energy efficiency and low carbon energy technologies, such as wind energy, solar energy, hydrogen and fuel cells, taking into consideration important current issues and sectors for application. This knowledge is used to support an analysis of future energy supply and demand that includes management, policy and technical aspects. This version of the module is assessed by coursework and an exam.
LOW CARBON ENERGY WITH FIELDCOURSE	ENV-2A82K	20
This module will focus on the decarbonisation of energy supply and demand in a carbon constrained world. It will examine the role of energy efficiency and low carbon energy technologies, such as wind energy, solar energy, hydrogen and fuel cells, taking into consideration important current issues and sectors for application. This knowledge is used to support an analysis of future energy supply and demand that includes management, policy and technical aspects. This version of the module, which includes a one week field course that will take place at Easter, is assessed by coursework and fieldwork projects. There is no exam.
MARINE SCIENCES FIELDCOURSE	ENV-2A47K	20
This 11 day 20 credit field course studies physical, chemical and biological coastal oceanographic processes and will probably take place in June. The course includes lectures and practical experience of oceanographic instrumentation, chartwork, numerical analysis of data using matlab and a poster presentation at ENV. The second week of the course will take place in Oban, using the oceanographic research ships and laboratory facilities of the Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory. The course has no pre- or co-requisites and is open to 1st and 2nd year students. However it will be of particular relevance to those studying ENV-2A39 Ocean Circulation, ENV-2A45 Chemical Oceanography and ENV-3A15 Biological Oceanography and Marine Ecology. PLEASE NOTE THAT YOU CAN ONLY ENROL ONTO THIS MODULE VIA AN APPLICATION FORM FROM THE SCHOOL AND NOT VIA THE STANDARD MODULE ENROLMENT PROCESS. ALSO THE MODULE RUNS IN THE SUMMER PRIOR TO THE START OF THE ACADEMIC YEAR.
MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENTISTS III	ENV-2A21	20
This module contains mathematical techniques applicable to a wide range of ENV modules. Among topics covered: matrix algebra, linear equations and eigenvectors, numerical methods, vector fields, Maple programming and complex variables.
MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENTISTS III (CW)	ENV-2A21C	20
This module contains mathematical techniques applicable to a wide range of ENV modules. Among topics covered:matrix algebra, linear equations and eigenvectors, numerical methods, vector fields, maple programming and complex variables. This coursework only version is reserved for autumn semester visiting students.
MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENTISTS IV	ENV-2A22	20
This module shows how mathematics can be applied to the environment. Topics include: fluid dynamics, partial differential equations, waves, Fourier analysis, applications of solid mechanics to geophysics, including stress, strain and elasticity.
METEOROLOGY	ENV-2A23C	20
THIS IS A COURSEWORK VARIANT FOR AUTUMN SEMESTER VISITING STUDENTS ONLY. Coursework does not include fieldwork. See ENVF2A23. This module is designed to give a general introduction to meteorology, concentrating on the physical processes in the atmosphere and how these influence our weather. The module contains both descriptive and mathematical treatments of Radiation Balance, The General Circulation, Thermodynamics and Dynamics and the assessment is designed to allow those with either mathematical or descriptive abilities to do well; however a reasonable mathematical competence is essential. This coursework only version is reserved for autumn semester visiting students.
METEOROLOGY I	ENV-2A23	20
Coursework does not include fieldwork. See ENVF2A23. This module is designed to give a general introduction to meteorology, concentrating on the physical processes in the atmosphere and how these influence our weather. The module contains both descriptive and mathematical treatments of Radiation Balance, The General Circulation, Thermodynamics and Dynamics and the assessment is designed to allow those with either mathematical or descriptive abilities to do well; however a reasonable mathematical competence is essential.
METEOROLOGY II	ENV-2A24	20
This module will build upon the material covered in ENV-2A23 (Meteorology I) covering topics such as synoptic meteorology, micro-scale processes, the General Circulation and weather forecasting.
METEOROLOGY II WITH FIELDCOURSE	ENV-2A24K	20
This module will build upon material covered in ENV-2A23 (Meteorology I) covering topics such as synoptic meteorology, micro-scale processes, the General Circulation and weather forecasting. The module also includes a week long Easter vacation residential fieldcourse, based in the Lake District, focusing on micrometeorology, microclimate and synoptic processes.
MODELLING ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES	ENV-3A11	20
The aim of the module is to show how geophysical problems may be solved from the initial problem, to mathematical formulation and numerical solution. Problems will be described conceptually, then defined mathematically, then solved numerically via computer programming. The module consists of lectures on numerical methods and computing practicals (Matlab): the practicals being designed to illustrate the solution of problems using the methods covered in lectures. The module will guide students through the solution of a geophysical problem of their own choosing. The problem will be discussed and placed into context through an essay, and then solved and written up in a project report.
NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS	ENV-3A44	20
Have you ever wondered why human economic activity seems to be so bad for the environment? Does it have to be like that? Is it possible for human beings to enjoy high standards of living and a high quality environment? Through the study of the principles of Environmental Economics this course sets out to answer those questions. Addressing a wide-range of economy-environment problems including car pollution, over-fishing, climate change and declining oil stocks, the course shows that most environmental problems can be solved through the adoption of policies crafted with the careful application of economic reasoning. Co-taught with ENV-MA44.
OCEAN CIRCULATION	ENV-2A39	20
This module gives you an understanding of the physical processes occurring in the basin-scale ocean environment. We will introduce and discuss large scale global ocean circulation, including gyres, boundary currents and the overturning circulation. Major themes include the interaction between ocean and atmosphere, and the forces which drive ocean circulation. You should be familiar with partial differentiation, integration, handling equations and using calculators. Co-taught with ENV-MA39
OCEAN CIRCULATION (CW)	ENV-2A39C	20
This module gives you an understanding of the physical processes occurring in the basin-scale ocean environment. We will introduce and discuss large scale global ocean circulation, including gyres, boundary currents and the overturning circulation. Major themes include the interaction between ocean and atmosphere, and the forces which drive ocean circulation. You should be familiar with partial differentiation, integration, handling equations and using calculators. Co-taught with ENV-MA39. THIS MODULE IS FOR VISITING STUDENT ONLY.
PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY	ENV-3A58	20
This module investigates the geological evidence for major environmental changes through Earth history. It will explore selected topics that relate to the extent, timing and causes of past variations of climate as expressed through changes in the fossil and geological record. Lectures will draw on information from marine, ice core, terrestrial and lacustrine climate archives. Radiometric dating techniques and geochemical/quantitative methods of palaeoenvironmental reconstruction will be examined in practical classes. The module includes half-day excursions to examine key geological field sites in East Anglia. Co-taught with ENV-MA58. STUDENTS MUST TAKE EITHER ENV-2A30 EARTH SYSTEM GEOCHEMISTRY OR ENV-2A25 SEDIMENTOLOGY PRIOR TO TAKING THIS MODULE
PARTICIPATORY ENVIRONMENTAL DECISION-MAKING	ENV-3A54	20
This module explores the rise of deliberative and participatory approaches to science and decision-making as one of the most significant recent developments in the environmental field. It examines: the theories, rationales and methods of participatory environmental decision-making (PEDM); their application in different institutional, social and geographical contexts; evaluation of participatory process effectiveness; and emerging critiques of participation. There is an emphasis on case studies to address these themes, developing practical as well as theoretical understandings of participatory approaches, and associated skills in facilitating environmental deliberation. Co-taught with ENV-MA54.
POLLUTION, TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY	ENV-3A08	20
Multidisciplinary module about problems of managing pollution, focussing on regional and urban issues, this module will unashamedly shift viewpoint between chemical, legislative, economic, historical and social interpretations of pollution.
RESEARCH SKILLS FOR SOCIAL SCIENTISTS	ENV-2A90	10
The study of society and its relationship to the natural environment poses distinct research challenges and social science presents a range of approaches and methods with which to address these problems. This module provides an introduction to the theory and practice of social science research. It covers research design, sampling, data collection, data analysis and interpretation, and presentation of results. It is recommended for any student intending to carry out a social science-based research project. Taught in the first half of the semester.
SEDIMENTOLOGY	ENV-2A25	20
Understanding modern and ancient depositional environments: their processes and products. Economic and environmental aspects of sediments.
SEDIMENTOLOGY (CW)	ENV-2A25C	20
Coursework only version of ENV-2A25 - NB reserved for autumn semester visiting students and those students taking ENV-2G02 Semester in Australia only.
SOIL ENVIRONMENTS AND PROCESSES (CW)	ENV-2A27C	20
This module will combine lectures, practicals, seminars and fieldwork to provide students with an appreciation of the soil environment and the processes that occurs within it. The module will progress through: basic soil components/properties; soil identification and classification; soil as a habitat; soil organisms; soils functions;the agricultural environment; soil-organism-agrochemical interation. This coursework only version is reserved for autumn semester visiting students.
SOIL PROCESSES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES	ENV-2A27	20
This module will combine lectures, practicals, seminars and fieldwork to provide students with an appreciation of the soil environment and the processes that occurs within it. The module will progress through: basic soil components/properties; soil identification and classification; soil as a habitat; soil organisms; soil functions; the agricultural environment; soil-organism-agrochemical interaction; soil contamination; soil and climate change.
SOLID EARTH GEOPHYSICS	ENV-2A12	20
What lies beneath our feet? This module addresses this question by exploring how waves, rays and the various physical techniques are used in geophysics to image the subsurface on scales of metres to kilometres . The basic theory and interpretation methods of seismic, electrical and gravity and magnetic surveys are studied. A wide range of applications is covered including archaeological geophysics, energy resources and geohazards. Students doing this module are normally expected to have a good mathematical ability, notably in calculus and algebra before taking this module (ENV-1A61 Mathematics for Scientists I, ENV-1A62 Mathematics for Scientists II or equivalent).
SOLID EARTH GEOPHYSICS WITH FIELDCOURSE	ENV-2A12K	20
What lies beneath our feet? This module addresses this question by exploring how waves, rays and the various physical techniques are used in geophysics to image the subsurface on scales of meters to kilometres. The basic theory and interpretation methods of seismic, electrical and gravity and magnetic surveys are studied. A wide range of applications is covered including archaeological geophysics, energy resources and geohazards. The fieldcourse provides "hands-on" experience of the various techniques and applications, adding on valuable practical skills. This module is highly valued by employers in industry; guest industrial lecturers will cover the current 'state-of-the-art' applications in real world situations. Students doing this module are normally expected to have a good mathematical ability, notably in calculus and algebra before taking this module (ENV-1A61 Mathematics for Scientists I, ENV-1A62 Mathematics for Scientists II or equivalent).
THE CARBON CYCLE AND CLIMATE CHANGE	ENV-3A31	20
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the greenhouse gas which has, by far, the greatest impact on climate change. CO2 is becoming even more important owing to continued fossil fuel emissions and its very long lifetime in the atmosphere. Predicting future climate or defining ‘dangerous’ climate change is challenging, in large part because the Earth’s carbon cycle is very complex and not fully understood. You will learn about the atmospheric, oceanic and terrestrial components of the carbon cycle, how they interact with each other, and how they interact with climate in so-called ‘feedbacks’. The understanding of the carbon cycle gained from this module is a vital foundation for all climate change research. Emphasis is given to the most recent, cutting-edge research in the field. Co-taught with ENV-MA31.
THE CARBON CYCLE AND CLIMATE CHANGE (CW)	ENV-3A31C	20
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the greenhouse gas which has, by far, the greatest impact on climate change. CO2 is becoming even more important owing to continued fossil fuel emissions and its very long lifetime in the atmosphere. Predicting future climate or defining ‘dangerous’ climate change is challenging, in large part because the Earth’s carbon cycle is very complex and not fully understood. You will learn about the atmospheric, oceanic and terrestrial components of the carbon cycle, how they interact with each other, and how they interact with climate in so-called ‘feedbacks’. The understanding of the carbon cycle gained from this module is a vital foundation for all climate change research. Emphasis is given to the most recent, cutting-edge research in the field. Co-taught with ENV-MA31.
THEORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT	ENV-3A63	20
Environmental assessment is a term used to describe procedures for evaluating the potential environmental consequences of policies, programmes, plans and projects. It is a well established tool for environmental policy integration, being routinely employed in more than 100 nations and by many international aid and funding agencies. This multidisciplinary module focuses on the theory and methods of environmental assessment and the decision-making contexts in which they are employed. It explains the procedural stages of, and selected methodologies for, environmental assessment and provides practical experience in applying them. Co-taught with ENV-MA63.
THEORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (CW)	ENV-3A63C	20
Environmental assessment is a term used to describe procedures for evaluating the potential environmental consequences of policies, programmes, plans and projects. It is a well established tool for environmental policy integration, being routinely employed in more than 100 nations and by many international aid and funding agencies. This multidisciplinary module focuses on the theory and methods of environmental assessment and the decision-making contexts in which they are employed. It explains the procedural stages of, and selected methodologies for, environmental assessment and provides practical experience in applying them. Co-taught with ENV-MA63. COURSEWORK ONLY VERSION FOR VISITING STUDENTS
WAVES, TIDES AND SHALLOW WATER PROCESSES	ENV-2A40	20
This module will explore physical processes in the ocean, building on what you learnt in Ocean Circulation. There will be a focus on applications of ocean physics to shelf seas. Topics will include: Tide generation, forces, harmonic tidal analysis of time series, propagation in shallow seas; Surface and internal waves, their role in air-sea exchange and upper ocean mixing; Role of tides and internal waves in global ocean mixing; Impact of ocean physics on biogeochemical processes, including seasonal phytoplankton blooms and shelf sea fronts; Remote sensing of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll shelf seas. Estuarine circulation and sediment transport; Applications of ocean physics to water quality and pollution monitoring; Role of ocean science in the marine energy industry. This module is designed to follow on from ENV-2A39, which is a pre-requisite. We strongly recommend that you also gain experience of marine fieldwork by taking the 20-credit biennial Marine Sciences fieldcourse, next running in June 2013.
YEAR ABROAD IN EUROPE	ENV-2Y2Y	120
A year long course of study at a continental European university currently, we offer exchanges with universities in Sweden, France and Spain. The exact form of assessment will vary from institution to institution and will normally be conducted in the language of the host country. The modules studied overseas must be approved in advance by the Course Director. All changes whilst abroad must also be approved in advance by the Course Director.
YEAR ABROAD IN NORTH AMERICA	ENV-2Y1Y	120
Modules taken at an overseas university subject to the approval of the Course Director.
YEAR IN AUSTRALASIA	ENV-2Y4Y	120
Modules are taken at a university in Australia or New Zealand, and those taken are subject to approval by the course director.
YEAR IN INDUSTRY	ENV-2Y5Y	100
This module represents the year spent on work placement by students registered on an ENV programme incorporating a year in industry. Assessment is purely on a pass/fail basis with respect to completing a work placement, complementary to the degree, of at least nine months duration. A separate compulsory module, CCE-2A2Y, associated with the year in industry, does have additional assignments.

Free Choice Study (20 credits)

Students will select modules worth 20 credits from the course catalogue with the approval of their School

Compulsory Study (60 credits)

Students must study the following modules for 60 credits:

Name	Code	Credits
RESEARCH TRAINING PROJECT	ENV-MA9Y	60
This year long module involves individual research in the environmental sciences with the topic suggested by and closely directed by a supervisor. The work will develop research skills through learning by doing and will be presented as a seminar and in the form of a research paper. The project differs from Year 3 project in requiring greater time and higher expected standards of research design and application of data.

Option A Study (60 credits)

Students will select 60 credits from the following modules:

Name	Code	Credits
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND GLOBAL CHANGE	ENV-MA37	20
Atmospheric chemistry is in the news: stratospheric ozone depletion, acid rain, greenhouse gases, and global scale air pollution are seen as some of the most significant environmental problems of our age. Chemical composition and transformations underlie these issues, and drive many important atmospheric processes. This module covers the fundamental chemical principles and underlying physical processes in the atmosphere from the stratosphere to the surface, and considers the role of chemistry in current issues of atmospheric chemical change through a series of lectures, seminars, laboratory sessions and some field work. A secure background in maths and chemistry (e.g. AS-level or equivalent) is recommended. ENV-MA80 and ENV-MA02 are natural follow-on modules, and build on some of the concepts introduced here.
ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION: MEASUREMENT AND MODELLING	ENV-MA80	20
Emissions of gases and other pollutants from human activities are critical drivers of phenomena such as climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, degradation of air quality in urban and rural areas, long-range transport of air pollution, and changes in aerosol and cloud physical properties. To understand these impacts it is necessary to make atmospheric measurements of chemical composition and physical parameters, and to interpret these observations with a range of statistical, conceptual, and computer-based models. In this module you will be introduced to a range of modern atmospheric measurements techniques, both those used in the field and in the laboratory. Consideration will be given to the relevant chemical and physical processes that are required to understand these observations. You will also learn about a range of interpretive techniques including numerical models, and you will put some of these in to practice. Co-taught with ENV-3A80. It is recommended that students have previously taken ENV-MA37. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A80 OR EQUIVALENT
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND HUMAN SOCIETY	ENV-MA17	20
This is an inter-disciplinary module focusing on the interaction between ecology, biodiversity and human societies. It examines the human drivers of biodiversity loss, the importance of biodiversity to human society, conflicts between human society and conservation and how these can be resolved, and institutions for biodiversity conservation and environmental management. It is designed for students of Biology, Ecology, Environmental Science, Environmental Geography and International Development. This inter-disciplinary module does not require previous detailed knowledge of ecological mechanisms: where a simple understanding of key ecological processes is important, this will be reviewed and taught in class. Key principles, issues and theory are covered in lectures by UEA faculty. These are supported by case studies from external speakers working in conservation, environmental and resource management agencies and NGOs. The module will comprise two core lectures plus one workshop / seminar / outside speaker each week. Co-taught with ENV-3A17. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A17 OR EQUIVALENT
CATCHMENT WATER RESOURCES	ENV-MA60	20
This module will adopt an integrated approach to studying surface water and groundwater resources in river basins. Approaches to catchment management will be considered in the context of improving water-dependent terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Topics of climate change impacts on water resources in terms of droughts and floods, as well as water quality issues arising from changing land-use patterns will be considered, together with the engineering and socio-economic methods necessary to adapt to future pressures on water resources. Co-taught with ENV-3A60. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A60 OR EQUIVALENT
CATCHMENT WATER RESOURCES	ENV-MA60C	20
This module will adopt an integrated approach to studying surface water and groundwater resources in river basins. Approaches to catchment management will be considered in the context of improving water-dependent terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Topics of climate change impacts on water resources in terms of droughts and floods, as well as water quality issues arising from changing land-use patterns will be considered, together with the engineering and socio-economic methods necessary to adapt to future pressures on water resources. Co-taught with ENV-3A60 & ENV-MA60. THIS MODULE IS ONLY AVAILABLE STUDENTS ENROLLED ONTO THE VISITING STUDIES ENVIROMENTAL SCIENCES (EMAE).
CLIMATE CHANGE: PHYSICAL SCIENCE BASIS	ENV-MA49	20
Climate change and variability has played a major role in shaping human history and the prospect of a warming world as a result of human activities (global warming) presents society with an increasing challenge over the coming decades. This module covers the science of climate change and our current understanding of anthropogenic effects on climate. It provides details about the approaches, methods and techniques for understanding the history of climate change and for developing climate projections for the next 100 years, supporting further study of the scientific or policy aspects of the subject in either an academic or applied context. Co-taught with ENV-3A49. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A49 OR EQUIVALENT
DISSERTATION	ENV-MB4X	60
The dissertation is an individual research project under the guidance of an academic supervisor either within one of the research groups in the School or, as some project placement opportunities with outside organisations are facilitated, with an outside collaborator. Research undertaken normally involves the analysis and interpretation of data collected in the field, from measurements of a sample in the laboratory or from data gathered from other sources including the media, questionnaire surveys, interviews, etc. This module is reserved for MSc students and all students must have taken ENV-MB3Y.
DISSERTATION (MSc)	ENV-MB6X	70
The dissertation is an individual research project under the guidance of an academic supervisor either within one of the research groups in the School or, as some project placement opportunities with outside organisations are facilitated, with an outside collaborator. Research undertaken normally involves the analysis and interpretation of data collected in the field, from measurements of a sample in the laboratory or from data gathered from other sources including the media, questionnaire surveys, interviews, etc. This module is reserved for MSc students and all students must have taken ENV-MB2Y.
EARTH AND LIFE	ENV-MA38	20
This module introduces Earth system science, taking a top-down approach to the Earth as a whole system, and tracing its development since its formation 4.5 billion years ago. The main focus is on the coupled evolution of life and its environment through a series of revolutions. Theoretical approaches are introduced, including Gaia, feedback mechanisms and systems theory, and practical sessions use models to build up conceptual understanding. The subject is inherently inter-disciplinary, including aspects of biology, chemistry and physics, and unifying the study of climate and global biogeochemical cycles. Co-taught with ENV-3A38. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A38 OR EQUIVALENT
EARTHQUAKE AND VOLCANIC HAZARDS	ENV-MA04	20
Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions have significant environmental and societal impacts. This module focuses on the physical basis and analysis of each hazard, their global range of occurrence and their global impact. The module also addresses approaches towards hazard mitigation and minimising vulnerability, with an emphasis on their practical implication. Scenarios and probabilities of mega-disasters are also investigated. This module is co-taught with ENV-3A04. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A04 OR EQUIVALENT
EARTHQUAKE AND VOLCANIC HAZARDS WITH FIELDCOURSE	ENV-MA04K	20
Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions have significant environmental and societal impacts. This module focuses on the physical basis and analysis of each hazard, their global range of occurrence and their global impact. The module also addresses approaches towards hazard mitigation and minimising vulnerability, with an emphasis on their practical implication. Scenarios and probabilities of occurrence of mega-disasters are also investigated. A one week field trip in Scotland takes place to introduce you to various aspects of natural hazards and in particular to faulting and earthquake hazards. This module is co-taught with ENV-3A04K. The total Field Course module's cap of 25 is inclusive of ENV-3A04K. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A04K OR EQUIVALENT
ECOLOGICAL MODELLING	ENV-MA72	10
Modelling is a crucial methodology for answering many kinds of ecological questions and complement experimentation and field observations. The aim of this module is to introduce the use of modelling techniques to answer ecological questions. This module will provide an introduction to building ecological models using a combination of taught classes and project work. After completion of this module students will: understand the basic principles and approaches to ecological modelling and its potential applications; acquire the numerical skills required to develop quantitative ecological models; be able to develop basic quantitative models to answer ecological questions; learn to formulate hypotheses, write a project proposal and develop verbal and written communication and team working skills. This module is primarily reserved for those students studying on the European MSc in Applied Ecology but can also accommodate limited number of students from other programmes.
ECOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE	ENV-MA46	10
The aim of this module is to examine biological responses to climate change over a range of levels from species to ecosystems. In this module students will examine the most recent literature on the effects of global environmental change on biological systems and will become familiar with different approaches and methods used for modelling biological responses to climate change. Students are recommended to take ENV-MA49 and ENV-MA74.
ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE	ENV-MA66	10
The module will critically assess the assumptions and projections of social and technological change represented in climate change mitigation scenarios, with an emphasis on energy systems. This will include a review of the drivers and dynamics of historical energy transitions.
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT EFFECTIVENESS	ENV-MA64K	20
Environmental Assessment is considered to be more effective when conducted at strategic levels of decision making, and is usually perceived to have a goal of achieving sustainable development. This module provides experience of conducting a particular form of strategic assessment, Sustainability Appraisal (SA), which incorporates environmental, social and economic considerations into plan making. Through practice of SA, a field course involving hands-on application of environmental assessment techniques, and consideration of effectiveness theory, this module will examine what makes assessment effective.
FOSSIL FUELS	ENV-MA33	20
Geological, economic and political aspects of fossil fuels (oil, natural gas and coal) are introduced and integrated. These are used to discuss environmental concerns (particularly climate change) arising from the use of fossil fuels, and the potentially profound implications of future fuel scarcity.
FUNDAMENTALS OF METEOROLOGY	ENV-MA23	20
This module is designed to give a general introduction to meteorology and its relation to climate and climate change, concentrating on the physical processes in the atmosphere and how these influence our weather. The course contains both descriptions and mathematical treatments of meteorological topics and the assessment is designed to allow those with either mathematical or descriptive abilities to do well; however, a reasonable mathematical competence is essential, especially in rearranging equations, and a familiarity with basic calculus is helpful. Co-taught with ENV-2A23. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-2A23 OR EQUIVALENT
GEOSCIENCES FIELDCOURSE	ENV-MA57K	20
This module is designed to promote a deeper understanding and integration of geoscience subjects: the fieldwork will usually concentrate on aspects of structural geology, regional tectonics, hydrogeology, sedimentology, palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironments, metamorphic geology and volcanology. A key feature of the course is that the location is chosen where there are excellent and substantial exposures of rock formation showing evidence of processes. The field base alternates between the Aegean (Greece) and Western Ireland, and the detailed content will reflect the field sites. In addition to being able to demonstrate field observation and data recording skills, M-level students will collect samples and generate new data as part of a small-scale scientific investigation that will be written-up as a report. Co-taught with ENV-3A57K. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A57K OR EQUIVALENT
GIS FOR ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT	ENV-MA94	10
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are computer programs for the capture, management, analysis and display of spatially referenced data. They are now increasingly widely used in ecology and environmental management, both in the organisation and analysis of pre-existing data sets and for analysis of data collected during fieldwork. This module aims to introduce their basic principles, capabilities, applications and limitations. Only basic familiarity with a PC is required and there will be weekly practical classes using the ArcGIS software. The main emphasis will be on imparting an understanding of what a GIS is, the strengths and weaknesses of such systems, and their practical use in research contexts (including MSc dissertations).
MARINE ECOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY	ENV-MA15	20
This module examines the ecological processes that underpin our dependence on and use of the marine environment for 'goods and services'. Students will study the ecology of marine organisms (from bacteria to fish), which provide the 'services' of climate modulation, nutrient regeneration and food production, threats to the sustainability of these services and the management challenges that result. The module will cover the evolution, biodiversity and molecular ecology of bacteria, diatoms, coccolithophores and nitrogen fixers, the physiology and distribution of zooplankton, the ecology of exploited populations and management of the marine environment including fisheries. Example ecosystems such as the Antarctic, mid ocean gyres and Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems will be studied in detail and predictions of the impact of environmental change (increasing temperature, decreasing pH, decreasing oxygen, changes in nutrient supply and human exploitation) on marine ecosystems dynamics will be examined. Biological oceanographic methods will be critically evaluated. The module also includes lectures by biological oceanographers from the Centre for the Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS).
MARINE ECOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY	ENV-MA15C	20
This module examines the ecological processes that underpin our dependence on and use of the marine environment for 'goods and services'. Students will study the ecology of marine organisms (from bacteria to fish), which provide the 'services' of climate modulation, nutrient regeneration and food production, threats to the sustainability of these services and the management challenges that result. The module will cover the evolution, biodiversity and molecular ecology of bacteria, diatoms, coccolithophores and nitrogen fixers, the physiology and distribution of zooplankton, the ecology of exploited populations and management of the marine environment including fisheries. Example ecosystems such as the Antarctic, mid ocean gyres and Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems will be studied in detail and predictions of the impact of environmental change (increasing temperature, decreasing pH, decreasing oxygen, changes in nutrient supply and human exploitation) on marine ecosystems dynamics will be examined. Biological oceanographic methods will be critically evaluated. The module also includes lectures by biological oceanographers from the Centre for the Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS). THIS MODULE IS ONLY AVAILABLE TO STUDENTS ENROLLED ON THE APPLIED ECOLOGY - EUROPEAN PROGRAMME.
MODELLING ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES	ENV-MA11	20
The aim of this course is to show how physical environmental problems may be solved from the initial problem, to mathematical formulation and numerical solution. There is a focus on examples within meteorology, oceanography and the solid earth. The course consists of lectures on numerical methods and computing practicals. These concentrate on the solution of ordinary and partial differential equations. The computing practicals will be run in Matlab. The module will guide students through the solution of a geophysical problem of their own choosing. The problem will be discussed & placed into context through an essay, and then solved & written up in a project report. Co-taught with ENV-3A11. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A11 OR EQUIVALENT
NARRATIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE	ENV-MA75	20
The aim of this Module is to introduce students to a range of different narratives of environmental change which have been influential in Western thought and action over the last 200 years and especially the last 50 years. It also aims to show how different narratives of past changes can be used to shape different environmental policy futures. The Module draws upon the sub-disciplines of environmental history, cultural geography, futures studies and systems theory and is taught by three experts in these fields. The Module is divided into three parts. In Part 1, through lectures and seminars we introduce students to seven different narratives of environmental change: for example, limits to growth, planetary boundaries, social-ecological resilience. In Part 2, through lectures we introduce four different arenas where environmental policy-making is currently active and show how different narratives of environmental change shape, constrain or inflect the development of environmental policy and the engagement of citizens. In Part 3, the students working in pairs lead a series of assessed seminars on allocated topics which bring together the historical narratives with areas of live policy debate.
NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS	ENV-MA44	20
Have you ever wondered why human economic activity seems to be so bad for the environment? Does it have to be like that? Is it possible for human beings to enjoy high standards of living and a high quality environment? Through the study of the principles of Environmental Economics this course sets out to answer those questions. Addressing a wide-range of economy-environment problems including car pollution, over-fishing, climate change and declining oil stocks, the course shows that most environmental problems can be solved through the adoption of policies crafted with the careful application of economic reasoning. Co-taught with ENV-3A44. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A44 OR EQUIVALENT
NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS	ENV-MA44C	20
Have you ever wondered why human economic activity seems to be so bad for the environment? Does it have to be like that? Is it possible for human beings to enjoy high standards of living and a high quality environment? Through the study of the principles of Environmental Economics this course sets out to answer those questions. Addressing a wide-range of economy-environment problems including car pollution, over-fishing, climate change and declining oil stocks, the course shows that most environmental problems can be solved through the adoption of policies crafted with the careful application of economic reasoning. Co-taught with ENV-3A44 and ENV-MA44. THIS MODULE IS ONLY AVAILABLE STUDENTS ENROLLED ONTO THE VISITING STUDIES ENVIROMENTAL SCIENCES (EMAE).
OCEAN CIRCULATION	ENV-MA39	20
This module gives you an understanding of the physical processes occurring in the basin-scale ocean environment. We will introduce and discuss large scale global ocean circulation, including gyres, boundary currents and the overturning circulation. Major themes include the interaction between ocean and atmosphere, and the forces which drive ocean circulation. Co-taught with ENV-2A39. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-2A39 OR EQUIVALENT
PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY	ENV-MA58	20
This module investigates the geological evidence for major environmental changes through Earth history. It will explore selected topics that relate to the extent, timing and causes of past variations of climate as expressed through changes in the fossil and geological record. Lectures will draw on information from marine, ice core, terrestrial and lacustrine climate archives. Radiometric dating techniques and geochemical/quantitative methods of palaeoenvironmental reconstruction will be examined in practical classes. The module includes half-day excursions to examine key geological field sites in East Anglia. Co-taught with ENV-3A58. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A58 OR EQUIVALENT
PARTICIPATORY ENVIRONMENTAL DECISION-MAKING	ENV-MA54	20
This module explores the rise of deliberative and participatory approaches to science and decision-making as one of the most significant recent developments in the environmental field. It examines: the theories, rationales and methods of participatory environmental decision-making (PEDM); their application in different institutional, social and geographical contexts; evaluation of participatory process effectiveness; and emerging critiques of participation. There is an emphasis on case studies to address these themes, developing practical as well as theoretical understandings of participatory approaches, and associated skills in facilitating environmental deliberation. Co-taught with ENV-3A54. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A54 OR EQUIVALENT
RESEARCH SKILLS	ENV-MB3Y	20
Semester 1 teaching is compulsory for all MSc students, while semester 2 is for students to attend the classes they need. The primary purpose of this module is to provide support and training for the dissertation to ensure that the necessary research is well planned in advance. To get the best possible start for the dissertation, advice is given on how to make the best use of UEA library resources, and how to undertake a literature review and the ethics procedures. There is also a discussion about the assessment for this module, which is the dissertation proposal. A substantial part of semester 1 is devoted to how to use statistics for the analysis of different types of projects. For students who are undertaking social science dissertations, supporting lctures and practicals are provided in semester 2. These include: social science research design to ensure there is a sound understanding of the fundamental concept and requirements of good research; questionnaire survey design; interviewing techniques; focus groups methods; and techniqies analysing qualitative data. This module must be taken before the ENV-MB4X Dissertation.
RESEARCH TOPICS IN EARTH SCIENCE	ENV-MA59	20
The module allows engagement in Earth science research topics at an advanced level and involves advanced study skills. The module will be strongly research lead and based around student-centred learning. The module will involve a) engagement with appropriate research seminars in the School of Environmental Sciences and b) directed research based around key topics with discussions and student seminars. The topics included will vary from year to year, depending on current research programmes, but they are likely to include topics in sedimentary geology, sedimentology, palaeoclimate, geological resources, Earth history, the Earth system, nuclear waste repository sites, carbon dioxide sequestration.
RESEARCH TRAINING PROJECT	ENV-MA9Y	60
This year long module involves individual research in the environmental sciences with the topic suggested by and closely directed by a supervisor. The work will develop research skills through learning by doing and will be presented as a seminar and in the form of a research paper. The project differs from Year 3 project in requiring greater time and higher expected standards of research design and application of data.
STABLE ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY	ENV-MA81	20
From supernovae and the early condensation of the solar system, through the climate history of the planet and on to modern stratospheric chemistry, studies using stable isotopes have made a significant contribution to our understanding of the processes that shape the Earth. In this module we look at the theory and practice of isotope geochemistry, covering analytical methods and mass spectrometry, fractionation processes, and isotope behaviour in chemical cycles in the geosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere. The course consists of lectures, practicals, including hands-on experience in the stable isotope laboratory, and student led seminars.
SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION	ENV-MA83	20
This module investigates the impacts of consumption on social and environmental systems, and how these might be reduced. It presents the key theories and debates around sustainable consumption, and critically examines a range of strategies for achieving it, covering governmental, business, community and individual actors. A mainstream policy approach to sustainable consumption is contrasted with an alternative ‘new economics’ model, and we examine a range of perspectives on what drives consumption patterns. Workshop exercises to apply these theories to ‘real world’ examples will provide experiential learning opportunities. We then critically assess a selection of sustainable consumption initiatives in detail, for example local organic food, eco-housing, Transition Towns, local currencies and community-based behaviour-change campaigns. Co-taught with ENV-MA85, which is restricted to Norwich Business School students taking the MBA course.
THE CARBON CYCLE AND CLIMATE CHANGE	ENV-MA31	20
Carbon dioxide is the greenhouse gas which has, by far, the greatest impact on climate change. Carbon dioxide is becoming even more important owing to continued fossil fuel emissions and its very long lifetime in the atmosphere. Predicting future climate or defining ‘dangerous’ climate change is challenging, in large part because the Earth’s carbon cycle is very complex and not fully understood. You will learn about the atmospheric, oceanic and terrestrial components of the carbon cycle, how they interact with each other, and how they interact with climate in so-called ‘feedbacks’. The understanding of the carbon cycle gained from this module is a vital foundation for all climate change research. Emphasis is given to the most recent, cutting-edge research in the field. Co-taught with ENV-3A31. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A31 OR EQUIVALENT
THEORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT	ENV-MA63	20
Environmental assessment is a term used to describe procedures for evaluating the potential environmental consequences of policies, programmes, plans and projects. It is a well established tool for environmental policy integration, being routinely employed in more than 100 nations and by many international aid and funding agencies. This multidisciplinary module focuses on the theory and methods of environmental assessment and the decision-making contexts in which they are employed. It explains the procedural stages of, and selected methodologies for, environmental assessment and provides practical experience in applying them. Co-taught with ENV-3A63. Students are recommended to take ENV-MA64K. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A63 OR EQUIVALENT
WAVES, TIDES AND SHALLOW WATER PROCESSES	ENV-MA40	20
This module will explore physical processes in the ocean, building on what you learnt in Ocean Circulation. There will be a focus on applications of ocean physics to shelf seas. Topics will include: Tide generation, forces, harmonic tidal analysis of time series, propagation in shallow seas; Surface and internal waves, their role in air-sea exchange and upper ocean mixing; Role of tides and internal waves in global ocean mixing; Impact of ocean physics on biogeochemical processes, including seasonal phytoplankton blooms and shelf sea fronts; Remote sensing of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll is shelf seas. Estuarine circulation and sediment transport; Applications of ocean physics to water quality and pollution monitoring; Role of ocean science in the marine energy industry. This module is designed to follow on from ENV-MA39, which is a pre-requisite.

Disclaimer

Whilst the University will make every effort to offer the modules listed, changes may sometimes be made arising from the annual monitoring, review and update of modules and regular (five-yearly) review of course programmes. Where this activity leads to significant (but not minor) changes to programmes and their constituent modules, there will normally be prior consultation of students and others. It is also possible that the University may not be able to offer a module for reasons outside of its control, such as the illness of a member of staff or sabbatical leave. Where this is the case, the University will endeavour to inform students.

Entry Requirements

A Level:: AAA
International Baccalaureate:: 34 points (including 3 HL subjects at Grade 6)
Scottish Highers:: AAAAA
Scottish Advanced Highers:: AAA
Irish Leaving Certificate:: AAAAAA
Access Course:: See below
European Baccalaureate:: 85% overall

Students for whom English is a Foreign language

We welcome applications from students from all academic backgrounds. We require evidence of proficiency in English (including writing, speaking, listening and reading). Recognised English Language qualifications include:

IELTS: 6. overall (minimum 5.5 in any component)
TOEFL: Internet-based score of 78 overall (minimum 20 in Speaking component, 17 in Writing and Listening components and 18 in Reading components.
PTE: 55 overall (minimum 51 in any component).

If you do not meet the University's entry requirements, our INTO Language Learning Centre offers a range of university preparation courses to help you develop the high level of academic and English skills necessary for successful undergraduate study.

Interviews

The majority of candidates will not be called for an interview. However, for some students an interview will be requested. These are normally quite informal and generally cover topics such as your current studies, reasons for choosing the course and your personal interests and extra-curricular activities.

Gap Year

We welcome applications from students who have already taken or intend to take a gap year, believing that a year between school and university can be of substantial benefit. You are advised to indicate your reason for wishing to defer entry and may wish to contact the appropriate Admissions Office directly to discuss this further.

Special Entry Requirements

Applicants are asked to have at least one science based A2-level or equivalent. Acceptable science subjects include: Biology, Chemistry, Economics, Environmental Science, Geography, Geology, Mathematics, Physics.

General Studies and Critical Thinking are not accepted.

Intakes

The School's annual intake is in September of each year.

Alternative Qualifications

We encourage you to apply if you have alternative qualifications equivalent to our stated entry requirement. Please contact us for further information.

Pass Access to HE Diploma with Distinction in 45 credits at Level 3, including 12 Level 3 Science credits.

GCSE Offer

Students are required to have Mathematics and English at minimum of Grade C or above at GCSE Level.

Fees and Funding

Undergraduate University Fees

We are committed to ensuring that Tuition Fees do not act as a barrier to those aspiring to come to a world leading university and have developed a funding package to reward those with excellent qualifications and assist those from lower income backgrounds. Full time UK/EU students starting an undergraduate degree course in 2013 will be charged a tuition fee of £9,000. The level of fee may be subject to yearly increases. Full time International students starting an undergraduate degree course in 2013 will be charged a tuition fee of £14,400. The level of fee may be subject to yearly increases.

Scholarships and Bursaries

Home/EU - The University of East Anglia offers a range of Bursaries and Scholarships. To check if you are eligible please visit http://www.uea.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/finance/university-financial-support

International Students

The Environmental Science courses have 2 £1,000 year one scholarship available for 2013 entry. The Scholarship deadline is 15th January 2013. Please contact the Admissions office at env.ug.admiss@uea.ac.uk for more information.

The University offers around £1 million of Scholarships each year to support International students in their studies. Scholarships are normally awarded to students on the basis of academic merit and are usually for the duration of the period of study. Our University international pages gives you more details about preparation for studying with us, including Fees and Funding http://www.uea.ac.uk/international

Applications need to be made via the Universities Colleges and Admissions Services (UCAS), using the UCAS Apply option.

UCAS Apply is a secure online application system that allows you to apply for full-time Undergraduate courses at universities and colleges in the United Kingdom. It is made up of different sections that you need to complete. Your application does not have to be completed all at once. The system allows you to leave a section partially completed so you can return to it later and add to or edit any information you have entered. Once your application is complete, it must be sent to UCAS so that they can process it and send it to your chosen universities and colleges.

The UCAS code name and number for the University of East Anglia is EANGL E14.

Further Information

If you would like to discuss your individual circumstances with the Admissions Office prior to applying please do contact us:

Undergraduate Admissions Office (Environmental Sciences)
Tel: +44 (0)1603 591515
Email: admissions@uea.ac.uk

Please click here to register your details online via our Online Enquiry Form.

International candidates are also actively encouraged to access the University's International section of our website.