Project Description

Primary Supervisor - Dr Anders Bergström

Scientific background:

The red squirrel in Britain is one of the most iconic examples of a declining population. It has suffered greatly since the introduction of the invasive grey squirrel in the late 1800s, but even before then it was struggling due to hunting and deforestation. However, already since the late 1700s, people have tried to counter the decline by bringing in new red squirrels from continental Europe. How all these past processes have affected the genetic make-up, fitness and ancestry of British squirrels is very poorly understood.

This project will study the rollercoaster history of the red squirrel in Britain using historical DNA, which promises to add a whole new layer of understanding to the histories of species. By tracing the genetics of the red squirrel over the past few hundred years, the project has two goals: 1) To provide general insights into the genetics of population decline and rescue, broadly applicable across organisms. 2) To reconstruct the specific history of the widely cherished red squirrel, to potentially help future efforts to conserve it.

Research methodology:

The project will sequence whole genomes from the few surviving British red squirrel populations, and continental reference populations. It will also use historical DNA techniques to sequence genomes from British squirrels in museum collections, to directly analyse how genetic diversity, inbreeding and genetic load has changed over time, and evaluate the effects that the many past translocations actually had on squirrel populations. The project will also address how much native British squirrel ancestry persists today, to test the hypothesis that the many introductions has led to a complete loss of native ancestry and local genetic adaptations (‘genetic swamping’).

Training:

The student will receive broad training in molecular biology, historical DNA, genomics, bioinformatics and population genetics. The student will take part in journal clubs and departmental seminars, present their work at conferences, and develop skills in critical thinking and science communication.

Person specification:

The ideal candidate will have a background in a biological science (e.g. genetics, molecular biology, zoology, evolution, ancient DNA), and have strong interests in genomics, wet-lab work, data analysis, and evolution.

Entry Requirements

At least UK equivalence Bachelors (Honours) 2:1. English Language requirement (Faculty of Science equivalent: IELTS 6.5 overall, 6 in each category).

Funding

ARIES studentships are subject to UKRI terms and conditions. Successful candidates who meet UKRI’s eligibility criteria will be awarded a fully-funded studentship, which covers fees, maintenance stipend (£21,805 p.a. for 2026/27) and a research training and support grant (RTSG). A limited number of studentships are available for international applicants, with the difference between 'home' and 'international' fees being waived by the registering university. Please note, however, that ARIES funding does not cover additional costs associated with relocation to, and living in, the UK, such as visa costs or the health surcharge.

ARIES is committed to equality, diversity, widening participation and inclusion in all areas of its operation. We encourage applications from all sections of the community regardless of gender, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation and transgender status. Projects have been developed with consideration of a safe, inclusive and appropriate research and fieldwork environment. Academic qualifications are considered alongside non-academic experience, with equal weighting given to experience and potential.

After submitting their application for the relevant ARIES project(s), applicants are expected to complete the ARIES Equality and Diversity Form Applicants - 2027 Entry – Fill in form. One form is required per application, so applicants applying to more than one project must complete a separate form for each.

Please visit www.aries-dtp.ac.uk for further information.

References

Genomic history of early dogs in Europe. Bergström et al., Nature, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10112-7

Gray wolf genomic history reveals a dual ancestry of dogs. Bergström et al., Nature, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04824-9

Genetic load: genomic estimates and applications in non-model animals. Bertorelle, G., Raffini, F., Bosse, M., Bortoluzzi, C., Iannucci, A., Trucchi, E., Morales, H.E., Van Oosterhout, C. Nature Reviews Genetics, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-022-00448-x

Purging and accumulation of genetic load in conservation. Dussex, N., Morales, H.E., Grossen, C., Dalén, L., van Oosterhout. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2023.05.008

Ancient DNA data hold insights into past organisms and ecosystems—handle them with more care. Bergström, A., Fellows Yates, J.A. and Warinner, C. Nature, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-03993-z

Historical genomics of the declining red squirrel in Britain (BERGSTROM_UEA_ARIES27)

Welcome to Norwich

Project Description

Entry Requirements

Funding

References