Renewable Energy This page is being developed at UEA and was last updated on 3^rd October 2012. Links with [*] by them were originally OK but have now been identified as problematic.

• GENERAL INFORMATION including Statistics

· Mechanisms used to provide financial support for Renewables

· [√] Non Fossil Fuel Obligation – used n UK during 1990s and is a form of Feed In Tariff

• [√] Renewables Obligation - main support mechanism for Renewables in UK
• [√] Feed-In Tariffs – support used in several countries including UK since 2010, but support in recent months for some technologies such as PV have been drastically cut
• [√] Renewable Heat Incentive - a scheme unique to UK launched in November for business and from April 2013 for domestic consumers.
• [√] Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation – a scheme unique to promote biofuels in transport fuels.

· Technologies

· [√] SOLAR

• [√] WIND
• [√] Geothermal Energy
• [√] Biomass – WARNING most of the links on this site are no longer active - a new site will be prepared in due course.
• [√] OTHER RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES [hydro, wave, tidal]

· [√] Transmission Networks - will become a key issue in the development of new generation capacity including renewable , nuclear etc.

· Return to Main Index of Energy WEB Sites

· General Information - including statistics

· [√] ROC Register Home Page This gives detailed information on output of each Renewable Energy Generator not covered by Feed In Tariffs: - select View Public Reports (you do not have to log In) – you can then select whether you want summary information or merely a list of accredited stations or the full list of certificates.

Archived downloaded data from ROC Register to end of 2010 may be accessed by clicking here. These data are archived and sorted on a UEA server

· [√] AEA Energy and Environment. This organisation brings together work formerly done by ETSU (Energy Technology Support Unit), Future Energy Solutions and NetCon (National Energy Technology Centre). However, with regard to Renewable Energy which ETSU did much work, the new site has limited information now.

· [√] Index to Issues of RENEW ON-LINE Bimonthly releases of latest information on Renewable Energy and related news. However, after 2008 there appear to be no further issues, but it is good as a historic source of information.

• [√] European Union Information on Renewable Targets to 2020
• [√] E.ON Web Page on Renewables - gives quite some details on recent Renewable Projects mostly Wind.
• [√] Renewable Energy Statistics - giving details of capacity and generation etc by Country in UK and also other relevant statistics from RESTATS
• [√] World-Wide Information on Renewable Energy - gives access to recent articles on Renewables from BP

· [√] Renewable Energy Capacity in Regional Spatial Strategies – Final Report of DCLOG (2009)

• [√] US Department of Energy: Energy Efficiency and Renewables: Numerous Fact sheets on Renewable energy
• Including [√] US Energy Statistics by State
• [√] US National Renewable Energy Laboratory
• [√] Renewable Energy Generation Statistics in the UK - 1990 – 2010 – taken from DUKES 2011
• [√] UKERC Report on Intermittency Issues associated with Renewable Generation

This Section last updated: 25^th September 2012

· NFFO - Non Fossil Fuel Obligation and Renewables Obligation

NFFO

The Non Fossil Fuel Obligation (NFFO) was used in the UK to promote renewable electricity generation in the 1990s. There were 5 separate tranches. From April 1^st 2002 it has been replaced by the Renewables Obligation

• [√] A historic perspective of NFFO
• [√] NFFO Wind Farm performance Wind Energy Fact Sheet 6
• [√] NFFO Wind Farm Capacity Factors
• [√] Review of NFFO - gives Strengths and weaknesses of NFFO compared to systems in operation in other countries. A good summary. This is part of a review of the approach to Renewable Funding outside the USA. The full document may be accessed by [√] clicking here.
• [√] Trends in UK Renewable Generation from 1989 - this article appeared in Energy Trends in late 2007.
• [√] Latest Update of Status of NFFO projects (taken from DUKES 2011)

This Section last updated: 25^th September 2012

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Renewables Obligation

· [√] General Documents on RO

· [√] Trends in Renewable Energy Generation in the UK - dated 2007

· [√] Documents relating to Major Changes from April 1^st 2009

· [√] Setting Levels of Renewable Obligation:

· [√] Renewables Obligation Transition – options for the future - published 21^st May 2012

· [√] Taylor Wessing Future Energy Forum – includes details on Headroom Principle etc

· [√] UEA Clone of above page – 26^th September 2012 – made because of intermittent access problems to above

· [√] Documents relating to Scotland

· [√] Recent Documents relating to Renewables Obligation – 2012 onwards

· [√] Renewables Obligation Data – including ROCs issued

· [√] Renewables Obligation Annual Reports – give details of compliance and effective value of RO Certificates each year.

· [√] Historical Documents relating to development of Renewables Obligation

Renewables Obligation General Documents

· [√] UK Renewable Energy Strategy – June 2008 – Consultation Document open until September 26^th 2008

· [√] Renewable Obligation Consultation (May 2007) Introduced issue of Banding of Renewables

· [√] Government Response on Renewable Obligation Consultation of May 2007 January 2008

· [√] Renewables Obligation Order 2006 (amendment 2007) covers issues of Agent Amalgamation for small generators

· [√] Renewables Obligation Consultation (October 2006) Introduces issue of Banding. Also Ski Slope Principle is introduced to reduce “Cliff Edge” Problem – see pages 26 -31

· [√] Consultation on proposals for banded support under Renewable obligation - October 2011

Renewables Obligation Changes from April 1^st 2009.

· [√] Workshop Presentation giving details of Changes - this is comprehensive showing changes

· [√] Impact of New Renewables Obligation Regulations on those stations with Grants (mostly Biomass and Offshore Wind)

· [√] Buy Price and Mutualisation Ceiling for 2009-10

Documents relating to Scotland

• [√] Scottish Energy Policy Document. September 2008 – covers parts related to renewable energy
• [√] Consultation Document on Technology Banding of Renewables in Scotland [September 2008] – this consultation is open until December 2008
• Marine Supply Option - a scheme proposed and initially implemented in Scotland to give a separate impetus to marine energy devices. However Consultation Document above will supersede this.
• [√] Marine Supply Obligation – Proposals for Setting MSO Levels
• [√] Web Version of above Document
• [√] Consultation on Energy in Scotland – mostly associated with Renewables
• [√] Statutory Consultation on support for Marine Energy 2006 - includes description of Headroom Principle
• [√] Renewables Obligation Scotland (Draft Order) 2008

Recent Renewable Obligation Documents in 2012

· [√] DECC Consultation on banding of Renewable Obligation - closed 12^th January 2012

· [√] Renewables Obligation Transition – options for the future - published 21^st May 2012

· [√] Consultation on proposals for the levels of banded support for solar PV under the Renewables Obligation for the period 1 April 2013 to 31 March 2017 – Active 7^th September 2012 – 19^th October 2012

· [√] Impact Assessment of above proposals

Data relating to Renewables Obligation

• [√]Renewable Obligation Statistics: including yearly Targets, Buy Out Prices, Total Value of Buy Out Fund, effective price of ROCs etc.
• [√] ROC Register Home Page select View Public Reports (you do no have to log In) – you can then select whether you want summary information or merely a list of accredited stations or the full list of certificates.
• Go directly to list of [√] Certificates – you need to select date range and also technology type etc
• ROC databases – These are being prepared from the ROC Register Home Page for convenience. The data for periods prior to 2006 – 2007 is in a different format and needs conversion – when this has been done this information will appear in the list below. For complete year sets e.g. 2006-2007 and 2009-2010, there is a master page allowing automatic selection of a particular technology. It is hoped that other year files will also have this facility in due course. Please note you must have macros enabled when prompted for this software to run.

It is suggested that you download the following EXCEL files to your computer - they were generated by NK Tovey – please ensure you have MACROs enabled i you want to do the selections which are available. Please note also that these files are quite large and some are over 10 Mbytes

• [√] 2006 – 2007 data
• [√] 2007 – 2008 data
• [√] 2008 – 2009 data
• [√] 2009 – 2010 data
• [√] April – December 2010 data
• It is hoped to update the data availability periodically

· Historical Documents on Renewables Obligation at the time it was originally formulated

• [√] Renewable Energy Proposals (1999/2000) background to what became the Renewables Obligation on 1^st April 2002.
• [√] Renewables Obligation Consultation Document
• [√] Key Responses to above Document
• [√] Renewable Obligation Draft Order August 2001

· Setting levels of Renewable Obligation in the Banded RO Scheme post 2009 – downloaded from DECC Website on 18^th October 2012

o [√] Calculating RO Level for 2010 – 11

o [√] Calculating RO Level for 2011 – 12

o [√] Calculating RO Level for 2012 – 13

o [√] Calculating RO Level for 2013 – 14

o [√] Summary of RO Levels to 2027 - Appendix C of a Report summarising long term development of Renewable Obligation

This Section last updated: 18^th October 2012

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Feed-In Tariffs – The original NFFO was a form of Feed in Tariff – this section is specific to recent initiatives.

UK Feed in Tariffs

· [*] DECC Home Page for Feed in Tariffs [DECC now super ceded by BEIS – equivalent link is being investigated]

· [*] DECCs response to Consultation on Feed in Tariffs [DECC now super ceded by BEIS – equivalent link is being investigated]

· [√] Fact Sheet on Deeming of Exports

· [√] Emergency Consultation Phase 1 on Feed in Tariffs

· [√] Table of Feed in Tariffs as of 1^st August 2011 and changes as of 12^th December 2011

Tables of Sizes of Feed in Tariffs

· [√] Table of Size of Feed in Tariffs - note these proposed values were superceded by an emergency review in December 2011- see below

· [√] Feed in Tariffs August 2011

· [√] Feed in Tariffs April 2012

Note from August 2012, each tariff band is separated into a high, medium, and low. High refers to individual installation where the criterion for energy efficiency for the property has been achieved; Medium is the situation for community multi installation sites, and Low is for those cases where the energy efficiency standards have not been met.

· [√] Feed in Tariffs August 2012 – PV

· [√] Feed in Tariffs August 2012 – Non PV

· [√] Feed in Tariffs PV for 2012-2013

· [√] Feed in Tariffs PV for 2013 - 2014

· [√] Feed in Tariffs PV for 2014 - 2015

· [√] Feed in Tariffs PV for 2015 - 2016

· [√] Feed in Tariffs PV for 2016 - 2017

· [ ] Feed in Tariffs PV for 2017 - 2018 [ not yet available]

Developments from 2012 onwards

· [√] Feed in Tariffs Comprehensive Review Phase 2A – PV Schemes – Consultation 9^th February 2012

· [√] Government Response to Phase 2A Consultation - May 2012

· [√] Solar PV Cost Update - May 2012

· [√] Impact Assessment of Government Response on Feed In Tariffs Phase 2A Solar PV

· Modifications to Standard Conditions of Electricity Supply - file appears to be corrupt – 28^th September 2012

· [√] Explanatory Memorandum to Standard Conditions of Electricity Supply

· [√] Feed in Tariffs Comprehensive Review Phase 2B – Non PV Schemes – Consultation 9^th February 2012

· [√] Impact Assessment for Comprehensive Review of FITS – February 2012

· [√] Government Response to Phase 2B Consultation – July 2012 – Analysis of Consultation Responses

· [√] Government Response to Phase 2B Consultation – July 2012 – Non PV

· [√] Impact Assessment to Government Response to Consultation 2B

· [√] Degression Process for Wind, Anaerobic Digestion, and Hydro

· [√] Consultation on banded support under Renewables Obligation – 7^th September 2012

· [√] FITS licensee Consultation

· [√] Parson-Brinkerhoff FITs Model

· [√] Update of Non PV Data for Feed in Tariff

General Papers on German Experience in Feed in Tariffs

· [√] Report by R. Galvin on Photovoltaics in EU

· [√] Guardian Article April 2008 and correspondence relating to Solar PV in UK and Germany

· [√] Ruhr Economic Paper #40 Germany’s Solar Cell Promotion: Dark Clouds on the Horizon – an important review

· [√] Changes and cuts in German Feed In Tariff announced in May 2008.

This Section last updated: 25^th January 2017

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Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

· [√] Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) – this is the replacement site to the original Renewable Fuel Agency Site which is now inactive.

· [√] Statistics relating to the RTFO - version on UEA WEB Site – last updated August 2011

· [√] Monthly and Quarterly Reports on the RTFO This is the Department for Transport Website which replaces the Renewable Fuel Agency Site, but on 16^th January 2012 – the was a message saying the site was being changed

Original Consultation on the RTFO

· [√] Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation – Consultation Document 2007

· [√] Response by UEA/CRed to RTFO Consultation 2007 .

This Section last updated: 25^th September 2012

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Renewable Heat Incentive - This section is now in a separate file

SOLAR

• [√] Link to DECC Renewables Link Page for solar PV - this site had a vast amount of useful information when part of DTI – the updated link now pointing to DECC only gives very basic information, but one or two case studies
• [√] DECC page for Solar Thermal
• Solar Thermal Power Stations - these concentrate the sun’s rays to produce high temperature steam for generating electricity.
1. [√] Solar Developments WEB Site
2. [*] EU Website on Solar Thermal Energy
3. [√] BBC WEB site about Seville Power Plant – a centralised solar Power station (Concentrated Solar Power Plant (CSP)) includes a video clip of plant which requires Active-X software to view
4. [√] European Solar Thermal Electric Association
5. [√] Comparison of Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal Power Plants
6. [√] Solar Thermal Power Plants - Status in 2000
7. [√] Solar Thermal Power Plants - Riffelmann et al
• [√] Solar Energy - Photovoltaic University of New South Wales: Research Facility
• [√] Solar Ponds these operate by generating a salinity gradient. The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) had a facility generating 70 kW and also a web page, but this link not longer seems available.
• UK Companies involves in Solar PhotoVoltaics
1. [√] Solar Century
2. [√] Solstice Energy
3. [√] RenEnergy - a Renewable Energy Firm based near Norwich
• UK Companies involved in Solar Hot Water Systems
1. [√] Norfolk Solar

This Section last updated: 26^th September 2012 Sites marked [*] appeared to be inactive on that date and are being checked – There were issues on 26^th September 2012 with sites highlighted in yellow

WIND

• [√] Main Danish WindPower Site This has extensive information through the WindPower Wiki Link although the excellent “Wind with Miller” is currently unavailable
• [√] Real Time and Historic Data on Performance of Middelgrunden offshore Windfarm, Copenhagen

· Select the Online Park View to see graphical display of which turbines are in operation

· Select Status View to examine performance of an individual turbine

· Select Historic Data to download historic daily data

· [√] Historic Performance of Middelgrunden Wind Farm 2000 – 2004

· [√] Historic Performance of Middelgrunden Wind Farm 2005 – 2008

• [√] EMD - Denmark/Germany Several sections in this site refer to Wind Energy including a feature - "Wind Project of the Month". Also included is Catalogue of Wind Turbines [sizes, manufacturers, availability in different countries etc – this now seems to be a ZIP file which has to be run with the WindPro software is large so do not down load unless you also have the WindPro software installed – I am investigating ot see if the Demo Version of WindPro will allow access].
• [√] European Wind Energy Association

· [√] British Wind Energy Association Details about wind energy in the UK and pointers to other wind energy sites. Of particular relevance is the page listing [√] all operating sites. In December 2009 BWEA renamed themselves as RenewableUK

• [√] UK Offshore Wind Information – a British Wind Energy WebPage
• [√] Link to DECC Wind Energy Site - this site has reduced information from when it was on the DTI WebSite, but there are links to Onshore and Onshore and in particular the Windspeed Database. This last link gives windspeeds at 1km intervals across the UK.
• [√] BMREPORTS – this link provides information on the predicted output from wind 24 hrs and 48 hrs in advance together with actual output. NOTE YOU HAVE TO SCAN DOWN PAGE TO GET TO THE RELEVANT SECTION. The data is only available for around 36 hours before being overwritten. However, NK Tovey has been collecting daily information for last 30 months and hopes to have a data file linked here in due course.
• [√] UKERC Report on Intermittency Issues associated with Renewable Generation

· Opposition to Wind Energy

Most Surveys of the public suggest that at least 65% of people are in favour of Wind Energy with some surveys having over 80% in favour. However, there is a very vocal minority who have stopped plans for developing many sites. The reasons for objections are diverse. Some sites reason rationally against wind power, others reason somewhat emotionally and include factually incorrect information. Below is a list of some of the Key Websites of Opponents:-

• [√] Country Guardians. This is the most comprehensive site with information against Wind Energy. Unlike some of the others it tries to argue in a rational rather than emotional way.
• [√] List of sites opposing Wind Energy Development
• [√] Keep our Landscape Beautiful The Web Site of those opposed to Cefn Croes development
• [√] Ceirog Valley Action Group Site Objections to development at Cefn Coed - including a link to [√] Wrexham Council's decision to turn down development at Cefn Coed
• [√ ] Preservation of Weardale This group are not opposed to Wind Energy, but are opposed to Wind Energy in Weardale – no longer has a WEB Page but contact person is Keith Laidler 01388517600
• [√] Isle of Wight - The Case Against Wind Turbines from ThWart [The Wight Against Rural Turbines] This site was accessible in late 2008, but on recent check [02/01/2009] it was unavailable – the version shown here is the cached version.
• [√] Opposition to Skye Wind Farm Article in Independant: 29th November 2002 – this subsequently went ahead
• Shipdham Action Group. Shipdham is in Norfolk. The WEBSITE of the action Group is no longer available, but the campaign lasted 6 years finishing on 17^th December 2008 but has resurrected –see articles in the EDP
1. [√] Eastern Daily Press article – March 11^th 2009
2. [√] New twist in Dereham’s 10-year wind turbine saga – August 3^rd 2011
• [√] Barningham High Moor Campaign concentrated on Landscape Issues.
• [√] Public Opposition to Offshore Wind Farm of Antrim Coast. - adapted from BBC WEB Site – 11^th November 2002
• [√] Public Opposition to Offshore Wind Farm of South Wales Coast. - adapted from BBC WEB Site – 25^th October 2002
• [√] Public Opposition to Offshore Wind Farm in Solway Firth. - adapted from BBC WEB Site – 19^th October 2002
• [√] Public Opposition to Offshore Wind Farm off Cumbria. - adapted from BBC WEB Site -5^th September 2002

This Section last updated: 26^th September 2012 All links marked [√] in the above sub-section were checked on that date – those with [*] appear to be no longer active.

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY – NOTE some organisations include Ground Based Heat Pumps in this category. In the links listed genuine geothermal energy – i.e. extracting hot water/steam is covered. From 2012 this section will not be routinely updated

• [√] Geothermal Energy Association An Association of Companies mostly in US - gives contacts of all companies
• [√] DECC Webpage on Geothermal Energy
• [√] Southampton Geothermal Scheme.
• [√] International Geothermal Association - this is a good site giving details of geothermal energy statistics around the World
• [√] US Geothermal Technologies Program – this site now covers more than just direct use

This Section last updated: 26^th September 2012:

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OTHER RENEWABLES [Hydro, Wave, Tidal]

· [√] Scottish Hydro Power August 2008 report on potential of hydro electric power in Scotland

· [√] European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) Orkney – test sites for both wave and tidal devices – the site also gives real time information of wave height, wind speed etc.

· Wave Power

• [√] Wavegen Home Page - includes details of world's first commercial Wave Power Station and the Islay scheme with video clip
• The Stingray device was actively promoted in mid 2000s, but there is little information remaining – several links are now longer active.
• [√] General Description
• Background and Model Testing
• [√] Construction photos of Stingray device section 4 for report
• [√] Appraisal of Stingray device
• [√] Appraisal of Stingray device - Part 2
• [√] Appraisal of Stingray device - Part 3 report
• [√] Web Page of Engineering Business Ltd - company that manufactures STINGRAY and capabilities of installing offshore wind devices – however, there appears no longer to be any reference to Stingray.
• [√] Decision by company to put further development of Stingray on hold reported in pages 122 – 124 of Marine Renewable Energy Report Access to full report which also includes other renewables

• The Pelamis device
• [√] Home Page of Pelamis Wave Power – changed is name from Ocean Power Delivery to Pelamis Wave Power
• [√] First commercial wave farm of 3 devices off Portugal commissioned on 24^th September 2008 This was using the Pelamis device, but technical and financial difficulties saw the project curtailed several months later. It is no longer covered in the company’s own website.
• [√] Wave Dragon includes a video of prototype working
• [√] The South West England Wave Hub Project
• Tidal Power
• [√] Tidal Electric Home Page
• [√] 7th Report on Wave and Tidal Energy
• [*] La Rance Tidal Barrage
• [√] Tidal Stream Energy
• [√] Open Hydro – the first grid connected tidal stream device – located at EMEC site in Orkney
• Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)
• [√] Information from National Renewable Energy Laboratory

This Section last updated: 26^th September 2012 All links marked [√] were active on that date – those marked highlighted in yellow are being investigated, but may no longer be accessible

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