Interactions of Marine Biogeochemical Cycles and Ocean Physics
Observations, Data Synthesis, and Modelling
Dorothee
C.E. Bakker, Gianfranco
Anastasi,
Pete
Brown (visiting fellow), Gareth Lee, Ollie
Legge,
Siobhan Moran#, Natalie
Wager
# also at the University of Exeter.
Research Interests and Highlights: Many of the complex interactions between the
cycles of carbon, nutrients and iron, ocean circulation and global climate are
not well understood. The diverse projects carried out by our research group
address questions related to the ocean carbon cycle and the air-sea transfer of
long-lived greenhouse gases, the interactions of ocean biogeochemistry and
ocean circulation, and the possible effects of climate change and ocean
acidification on biogeochemical cycles, using observations, data synthesis and
modelling.
Elizabeth Jones, Peter Brown and Gareth Lee during
sea-going work.
Air-sea transfer of
long-lived greenhouse gases: The air-sea fluxes of the greenhouse gases
nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) by individual
oceanic regions and its temporal variation remain poorly quantified (Lenton et al., 2013; Bakker et al., 2014a). Natalie Wager
investigates the air-sea gas transfer of CO2, N2O and CH4 in North-western
European shelf seas, in the Arctic Ocean and in the Atlantic Ocean. Peter Landschützer, a former group member, combines a neural
network approach with the SOCAT gridded product
for the quantification of the ocean carbon sink and its spatial, seasonal and
year-to-year variation (Landschützer et al., 2013). A
comparison of Peter’s flux values to other estimates using SOCAT, such as those
based on an ocean mixed layer model (Rödenbeck et
al., 2013), is in progress.
The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas:
The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)
provides quality controlled surface water carbon dioxide (CO2) data for the global
oceans and coastal seas (Pfeil et al., 2013; Sabine et al., 2013). SOCAT version 2 has 10.1 million CO2 data
from 2660 data sets over the period 1968 to 2011 (Bakker et al., 2014b). SOCAT is an effort by the international,
seagoing marine carbon community. Dorothee Bakker chairs the global group of SOCAT. UEA work on SOCAT is funded as part of the EU funded CarboChange
project and the UK Ocean
Acidification Research Programme. We also contribute to the CARINA and
GLODAP2 data synthesis projects for marine carbon data. A
new data base brings together the data of iron enrichment experiments (Boyd
et al., 2012). These synthesis projects will ensure public access to and
long-term storage of these valuable ocean biogeochemical data.
Surface water fCO2 data in SOCAT version 2 (Bakker et al., 2014b).
SOCAT
is an international collaboration of seagoing marine carbon scientists around
the world.
Synthesis
products such as SOCAT are important tools in marine carbon science.
Interactions between ocean circulation and
carbon uptake: Transient tracers, such as
chlorofluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride, are used as 'tracers' of ocean
circulation, ocean mixing (e.g. as part of DIMES)
and water mass formation. Siobhan Moran and colleagues at the University of
Exeter are studying the role of diapycnal mixing in
the uptake and transport of carbon in the Southern Ocean. Both carbonate
chemistry and tracer measurements are used for studies of oceanic uptake of
'anthropogenic' carbon. Pete Brown and colleagues are using such measurements
from deep vertical sections for quantifying anthropogenic carbon in newly
formed Antarctic Bottom Water, as part of the ANDREX project (also see the UEA ANDREX site).
Processes driving the Southern Ocean carbon
sink: Seasonal sea ice melt is accompanied by a rapid transition of
CO2-rich waters below sea ice to a CO2 sink upon ice melt (Bakker et al., 2008;
Jones et al., 2010). Ollie Legge studies seasonal changes in the marine carbon
system at the Rothera Oceanographic and Biological Time Series (RaTS). Iron supply is an important control on
biological carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean, as shown in the SOIREE and EisenEx experiments (Boyd et al., 2000; Watson et al.,
2000) and studies of island blooms (Bakker et al., 2007; Jones et al., 2012).
Former group member Nina Bednarsek has demonstrated dissolution of live pteropods in the Southern Ocean (Bednarsek et al.,
2012).
PhD studentships: The Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences (COAS)
at the University of East Anglia offers a
vibrant research community with specialists in biological, chemical and
physical, marine and atmospheric sciences. Highly motivated PhD candidates with
strong scientific interests are encouraged to contact Dorothee
Bakker.
The midnight sun in the Southern Ocean.
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A snow-covered RRS James Clark Ross and the RRS James Cook in
South Georgia.