BSc Natural Sciences

Key details

BSC NATURAL SCIENCES

Start Year

2022

Attendance

Full Time

Award

Degree of Bachelor of Science

UCAS course code

CFG0

Entry Requirements

AAA

Duration (years)

Biology alone will not beat cancer; environmentalists alone will not mitigate global warming: scientific advances are forged through shared knowledge and collaboration. By studying Natural Sciences you’ll gain an appreciation of complex scientific concepts, and be able to approach them from more than one angle.

Our radically interdisciplinary Natural Sciences programme gives you the opportunity to create your own unique degree, crossing conventional boundaries and tailoring your learning to suit your interests from across the sciences. You could study any combination of biology, chemistry, computing, environmental sciences, mathematics and physics, with knowledge from one complementing the other.

The Faculty of Science is based at the heart of Norwich Research Park, so whichever subjects you choose, you’ll be learning at the forefront of scientific advances, with cutting-edge work driving our teaching. Because of this, graduates from our Natural Sciences degrees are highly employable

About

Our Natural Sciences course is ideal if you wish to study more than one area of science while retaining a larger degree of flexibility than traditional joint degrees allow. You’ll study modules from a minimum of two of the main disciplines: biology, chemistry, computing, environmental sciences, mathematics and physics. And you’ll have the opportunity to study specialist topics as your degree programme develops. Whichever subjects you choose, you will be learning at the forefront of your chosen disciplines with our stimulating, research-led teaching programme.

Our programme will give you an appreciation of complex concepts from across contemporary science. To give you an example: you could find yourself examining the biological complexities of how a virus spreads through a population, along with the computational techniques necessary to predict and illustrate it.

You’ll experience what is required of a skilled scientist: from the deliberation needed to design an experiment, including consideration of the results, to the excitement of discovering something new.

This highly competitive degree provides you with vital knowledge of several scientific disciplines, and its flexibility allows you to direct your learning around your own interests or career goals.

You’ll acquire technical skills and subject-specific knowledge as well as transferable skills desired by employers, including high levels of literacy and numeracy, data collection, collation and management, understanding and analysing complex systems, devising strategies of intervention, critical thinking, time management, organisational and analytical skills, teamwork and communication skills.

In your final year you will complete a supervised research project, which can be in a combination of disciplines.

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Important Information

Whilst the University will make every effort to offer the courses listed, changes may sometimes be made arising from the regular review of course programmes. Where this activity leads to significant (but not minor) changes to programmes, there will normally be prior consultation of students and others. Changes may for example consist of variations to the content and method of delivery of programmes, courses and other services, to discontinue programmes, courses and other services and to merge or combine programmes or courses. The University will endeavour to keep such changes to a minimum, and will inform students.

Assessment for Year 1

We use a variety of assessment methods across the different modules, ranging from 100% coursework to 100% examination.

Coursework assessment methods include course tests, problem sheets, laboratory reports, field exercises, field notebooks, literature reviews, essays and seminar presentations. Skills-based modules are assessed by 100% coursework.

You will also undertake a final year project, which will include a substantial piece of written research work and will count for 33% of your final year mark.

Structure

This three-year course is made up of optional modules from across the Faculty of Science. It will give you the opportunity to develop your existing scientific knowledge, while discovering new avenues of scientific study.

Throughout your degree, you’ll have the chance to choose from a diverse range of modules from science schools across the Faculty, covering topics from artificial intelligence, to infection, to quantum mechanics and symmetry.

Your personal academic adviser will support you in choosing the best modules for you. The adviser is an academic in your main area of interest, who will help you make the right choices for your chosen scientific path. This interaction starts even before you arrive at UEA, with online discussions to choose your first year modules.

Teaching and Learning

You will learn from academics working at the forefront of their respective fields. The Faculty of Science is an integral partner of the Norwich Research Park, so you can be sure you’ll be learning within a cutting-edge research environment, where you’ll benefit from constant exposure to the very latest scientific developments.

The teaching will include a mixture of lectures, small-group tutorials, workshops, laboratories, live online sessions and pre-recorded online material, depending on your areas of interest. In all the teaching sessions, you will be learning alongside students in that discipline, ensuring that you are being taught at the same level as a more specialised student.

As well as being taught by our world-class lecturers, you’ll be assigned a personal academic adviser, who will help you tailor your choices from across the sciences, ensuring you create a degree that ignites your passion and crosses conventional boundaries. We’ll also provide you with a high level of academic and pastoral care.

Independent study

You’ll have plenty of opportunities for independent study using our state-of-the-art university library.

Your independent study will, of course, be best exemplified by your final year project, which we encourage you to deliver as independently as possible.

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Open Days

Assessment for Year 2

We use a variety of assessment methods across the different modules, ranging from 100% coursework to 100% examination.

You will also undertake a final year project, which will include a substantial piece of written research work and will count for 33% of your final year mark.

Structure

In your second year, you will choose modules to build on your knowledge from the previous year, keeping your choices broad or narrowing it down towards a few areas that interest you most. There is also an opportunity to take a first year module, to extend your knowledge to a new area.

Teaching and Learning

Independent study

You’ll have plenty of opportunities for independent study using our state-of-the-art university library.

Your independent study will, of course, be best exemplified by your final year project, which we encourage you to deliver as independently as possible.

Admissions Live Chat

Open Days

Assessment for Year 3

We use a variety of assessment methods across the different modules, ranging from 100% coursework to 100% examination.

You will also undertake a final year project, which will include a substantial piece of written research work and will count for 33% of your final year mark.

Structure

In your final year of study you will undertake a substantial research project that will reflect your own scientific interests, supervised by an academic working in the same research area.

Teaching and Learning

Independent study

You’ll have plenty of opportunities for independent study using our state-of-the-art university library.

Your independent study will, of course, be best exemplified by your final year project, which we encourage you to deliver as independently as possible.

Admissions Live Chat

Open Days

Students must select 120 credits of modules in their first year. There should be an equal balance of module credits across both semesters, with 60 credits in semester one (SEM1) and 60 credits in semester two (SEM2). This balance can be achieved by selecting the same number of credits from both Options Range A and Options Range B, with the remainder from Options Range C.Students are required to take at least 80 credits each from two of the following major subjects by the end of their final year: Biology, Chemistry, Computing, Environmental Sciences, Mathematics and Physics.

Assessment for Year 1

We use a variety of assessment methods across the different modules, ranging from 100% coursework to 100% examination.

You will also undertake a final year project, which will include a substantial piece of written research work and will count for 33% of your final year mark.

Compulsory Modules

INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND SCIENCE COMMUNICATION

Code NAT-4004Y

Credits 0

This zero-credit module is compulsory for all Natural Sciences students, and only available to NAT students. It includes essential study skills and exposes the students to a variety of topics in interdisciplinary research, connecting them to the modules they are taking in the different Schools in SCI. Activities are spread throughout the two semesters. The module will be assessed in a pass/fail basis on a piece of science communication of the student’s choice.

Optional A Modules

(0-60 credits)

BIODIVERSITY

Code BIO-4001A

Credits 20

This module explores life on Earth. You will be introduced to the major groups of microorganisms, plants and animals. You will explore the evolutionary relationships that link the major groups and discover the immense biodiversity of living organisms. Central to this evolutionary path is how microorganisms, plants and animal invaded the land and coped with limited water. You will study this subject through lectures, workshops, laboratory-based practical classes and field trips. You will gain practical experience handling a wide range of organisms and learn how to report experimental work that you carry out. A key part of this module is the production of a learning portfolio which will help you to develop independent study skills in relation to the topic of the module.

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS

Code BIO-4018A

Credits 20

This module explores how information is stored in DNA, how it is expressed, copied and repaired, and how DNA is transmitted between generations. It has significant focus on the application of molecular biological and genetics knowledge, including animal, plant and microbial biotechnology and synthetic biology.

WEB-BASED PROGRAMMING

Code CMP-4011A

Credits 20

In this module you will be introduced to some of the tools used for web development. You will then build a substantial dynamic web site using the current HTML family of standards. An understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the technologies used in the Internet and World Wide Web is essential for any computing science student. Therefore, in the latter part of the module you will learn about these technologies and undertake a practical approach to exploring them. You will learn about issues of cyber security.

GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES

Code ENV-4001A

Credits 20

What are the most pressing environmental challenges facing the world today? How do we understand these problems through cutting-edge environmental science research? What are the possibilities for building sustainable solutions to address them in policy and society? In this module, you will tackle these questions by taking an interdisciplinary approach to consider challenges relating to climate change, biodiversity, water resources, natural hazards, and technological risks. In doing so you will gain an insight into environmental science research ‘in action’ and develop essential academic study skills needed to explore these issues.

UNDERSTANDING THE DYNAMIC PLANET

Code ENV-4005A

Credits 20

Understanding of natural systems is underpinned by physical laws and processes. You will explore the energy, mechanics, and physical properties of Earth materials and their relevance to environmental science using examples from across the Earth's differing systems. The formation, subsequent evolution and current state of our planet are considered through its structure and behaviour - from the planetary interior to the dynamic surface and into the atmosphere. You will study Plate Tectonics to explain Earth's physiographic features - such as mountain belts and volcanoes - and how the processes of erosion and deposition modify them. The distribution of land masses is tied to global patterns of rock, ice and soil distribution and to atmospheric and ocean circulation. You will also explore geological time - the 4.6 billion year record of changing conditions on the planet - and how geological maps can be used to understand Earth history. This course provides you with an introduction to geological materials - rocks, minerals and sediments - and to geological resources and natural hazards.

CHEMISTRY SKILLS A

Code CHE-4002A

Credits 20

This is the first of two modules which cover core chemistry skills in the first year. In the laboratory, you will cover experimental aspects of analytical and inorganic chemistry, linked to the modules CHE-4501A and CHE-4301A. In lectures, you will develop mathematical skills relevant to the understanding of chemical concepts and you will use spreadsheets for analysing and presenting data.

BONDING, STRUCTURE & PERIODICITY

Code CHE-4301A

Credits 20

After an introduction to chemical bonding, atomic and molecular structure and chemical principles, this module will provide you with an introduction to the structures, properties and reactivities of molecules and ionic solids. Emphasis will be placed on the relationships between chemical bonding and the structures and properties of molecules. The lectures of this module are supported and illustrated by the bonding, structure and periodicity experiments of the first-year practical modules, Chemistry Skills A or Research Skills in Biochemistry.

Analytical Chemistry

Code CHE-4501A

Credits 20

Optional B Modules

(0-60 credits)

EVOLUTION, BEHAVIOUR AND ECOLOGY

Code BIO-4002B

Credits 20

Why do trees grow tall? Why do male birds have long bright feathers? Why do people cooperate? Why does sex exist? Why do we grow old and die? These and other questions in biology can be understood if we learn how to think in terms of natural selection and adaptation. This module introduces the main concepts in evolutionary theory, from the original ideas introduced by Darwin to the modern developments, and uses these concepts to understand a wide range of topics in behaviour and ecology. We start from evolution and discuss how Darwin arrived at the idea of natural selection, its critiques and how to address them; we then study the basics of Mendelian genetics and population genetics and learn how to check if a population is evolving’ we discuss adaptation and optimization in biology; then we move to specific issues like the evolution of reproductive systems and life cycles, the evolution of stable sex-ratios and coevolution between species; we discuss the concept of selfish genes and how it helps us think in terms of adaptation; we study the methods used to understand long-term evolution and speciation; and we conclude the first part with ideas from evolutionary medicine to understand why we get sick, and human evolution and social behaviour. In the second part of the module we focus to ecology: we discuss the general concepts of abiotic limits, resources and models of intraspecific competition and logistic growth; we learn the basic concepts of demography and population growth, interspecific competition, predation, predator-prey dynamics, and we discuss at length mutualism and cooperation in nature; finally we talk about the nature of the English countryside and issues in conservation biology and ecosystem services. In the third part we focus on behaviour: after a general introduction on the key concepts in the study of animal behaviour we discuss cooperation among non-kin and the concept of kin selection and kin conflict; we review animal communication and models of sexual selection and sexual conflict.

COMPUTING PRINCIPLES

Code CMP-4002B

Credits 20

The module introduces formulations and techniques essential for any degree in computing science.

PROGRAMMING FOR APPLICATIONS

Code CMP-4009B

Credits 20

You will be introduced to a number of programming concepts at the start of your programming career, using a modern programming language common to many digital industries. We structure learning through lectures, delivering core materials, and tutor supported exercises to reinforce learning, preparing you for programming in your following studies.

DATABASE SYSTEMS

Code CMP-4010B

Credits 20

This module is based on the relational model and will introduce you to important aspects of databases, database manipulation and database management systems. You will explore the tools and methods for database design and manipulation as well as the programming of database applications. You will use a modern relational database management system to gain practical experience. You will also develop programming experience using SQL, and using a high level programming language to write applications that access the database.

SUSTAINABILITY, SOCIETY AND BIODIVERSITY

Code ENV-4006B

Credits 20

Striking a balance between societal development, economic growth and environmental conservation has proven challenging and contentious at many scales and over time. The concept of `sustainable development’ was coined to denote processes aiming to achieve this balance. This module introduces sustainable development, and examines the challenges and opportunities to achieving this, drawing together social and ecological dimensions. Drawing upon the social sciences, this module examines the theory and practice of sustainable development. From an ecological perspective, the module covers a range of concepts relevant to the structure and functioning of the biosphere, and topics ranging from landscape and population ecology to biodiversity conservation. This module is assessed by coursework and an examination.

ATMOSPHERE & OCEANS

Code ENV-4007B

Credits 20

The habitability of planet Earth depends on physical and chemical systems that control everything from the weather and climate to the growth of all living organisms. This module introduces you to some of these key cycles and the ways in which physical and chemical scientists investigate and interpret them. It leads naturally to second and third year study of these systems in more detail, but even if you choose to study other aspects of environmental sciences, a basic knowledge of these systems is central to understanding our planet and how it responds to human pressures. The module is made up of two distinct components. One focuses on the physical study of the environment (Physical Processes: e.g. weather, climate, ocean circulation, etc.) The other focuses on the chemical study (Chemical Processes: weathering, atmospheric pollution, ocean productivity, etc.). Interrelationships between these components are explored throughout. Teaching of this module is through a mix of lectures, laboratory practical classes, workshops and a half-day field trip. This module provides a Basic Chemistry introduction for those students who have little or no background in chemistry prior to joining UEA.

PROBABILITY

Code MTHA4001B

Credits 10

Probability is the study of the chance of events occurring. It has important applications to understand the likelihood of multiple events happening together and therefore to rational decision-making. This module will give you an introduction to the modern theory of probability developed from the seminal works of the Russian mathematician A.N. Kolmogorov in 1930s. Kolmogorov’s axiomatic theory describes the outcomes (events) of a random experiment as mathematical sets. Using set theory language you will be introduced to the concept of random variables, and consider different examples of discrete random variables (like binomial, geometric and Poisson random variables) and continuous random variables (like the normal random variable). In the last part of the module you will explore two applications of probability: reliability theory and Markov chains. Aside of the standard lectures and workshop sessions, there will be two computer-lab sessions of (2 hours each) where you will apply probability theory to specific everyday life case studies. The only pre-requisites for this module are a basic knowledge of set theory and of calculus that you would have acquired during the Autumn semester. If you have done probability or statistic at A-level you will rediscover its contents now taught using a proper and more elegant mathematical formalism.

Chemistry of the Carbon-Based Compounds

Code CHE-4101B

Credits 20

Physical Chemistry I

Code CHE-4202B

Credits 20

Chemistry Skills B

Code CHE-4003B

Credits 20

CELL BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Code BIO-4015B

Credits 20

This module will provide an understanding of the key aspects of cell biology and how these relate to the physiology of living systems. It will highlight how these principles are key to understanding some of the physiological processes, as well as the central role of homeostasis in human physiology. It will also explore the function of some of the major organ systems of the human body.

BIOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY

Code BIO-4016B

Credits 20

This module will provide an introduction to fundamental aspects of biochemistry and cell biology. The essential roles played by proteins and enzymes in signalling, transport and metabolism will be considered in terms of their structures. You will discover how living cells are visualised and the nature of cell membranes and organelles.

Optional C Modules

(0-120 credits)

PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN BIOCHEMISTRY

Code BIO-4007Y

Credits 20

To understand Life we have to study and understand the molecular properties of life's components. For any biochemist these are cells, energy, macromolecules, biochemical reactions and transport (of energy or chemical components). The tools we use as scientists in our quest for understanding life are various physical and analytical methods. You will be introduced to the basic principles of thermodynamics, chemical equilibria, electrochemistry, and reaction kinetics. You will conclude the module by having a look at various physical and analytical techniques that are being used in current Biochemistry. This lectures will introduce you and provide you with essential information about some of the physical principles that underpin our understanding of molecular and cellular systems. The complementary seminar series will help to consolidate your understanding through applying this knowledge to selected topics in biochemistry and provide you with the opportunity to develop skills in problem solving, data analysis, scientific writing, and presentation. The module is also enriched with six math workshops. In these workshops you are going to consolidate but also further develop basic and more advanced mathematical skills that directly relate with this module but that will also assist you for the duration of your degree.

BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Code BIO-4017Y

Credits 20

This module will provide 1st year students with essential information about the physical and chemical principles that underpin our understanding of biochemical systems and cellular metabolism. This module is going to be delivered to 1st year students on the Biological Sciences, Biomedicine and Molecular Biology and Genetics degree programs.

RESEARCH SKILLS IN BIOCHEMISTRY

Code CHE-4602Y

Credits 20

If you are a Biochemistry student, this module will provide you with practical and research skills. In the laboratory, you will experience experimental and computational aspects of different areas of chemistry: organic, inorganic, analytical and physical. The experiments and simulations provide practical chemistry skills, complementing lectures in other first year modules. In seminars and workshops, you will develops skills such as analysing data, using references critically, and presenting results in different formats.

MATHEMATICS FOR COMPUTING B

Code CMP-4005Y

Credits 20

This module is designed for you if you have an A level (or equivalent) in Mathematics. It will provide you with an introduction to the mathematics of counting and arrangements, a further development of the theory and practice of calculus, an introduction to linear algebra and its computing applications and a further development of the principles and computing applications of probability theory. In addition, 3D Vectors are introduced and complex numbers are studied.

PROGRAMMING 1

Code CMP-4008Y

Credits 20

In taking this module you will gain a solid grounding in the essential features of object-oriented programming, using a modern programming language such as Java. The module is designed such that you are not expected to have previously studied programming, although it is recognised that many students taking the module will have done so in some measure.

RESEARCH AND FIELD SKILLS

Code ENV-4004Y

Credits 20

You will gain a range of transferable skills, tools and resources that are widely used in research across the Environmental Sciences and Geography. It aims to provide a broad understanding of the research process through activities that involve formulating research questions, collecting data using appropriate sources and techniques, collating and evaluating information and presenting results. A week-long residential field course, held at Easter and based at Slapton Ley, Devon, applies field, lab and other skills to a variety of environmental science and geography topics. Depending on the size of the cohort, students on selected degree programmes may be offered the option of an alternative field course arrangement.

GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVES

Code ENV-4010Y

Credits 20

This module provides an introduction and orientation regarding geographical thought, methods and concepts. It begins with an overview of the history and development of the discipline. This leads on to discussion of core concepts such as space, place, scale, systems, nature, landscape and risk. In addition, the methods and different types of evidence used by geographers are introduced. You will be able to demonstrate an appreciation of the diversity of approaches to the generation of geographical knowledge and understanding and the capacity to communicate geographical ideas, principles, and theories effectively and fluently by written, oral and visual means.

QUANTITATIVE SKILLS I

Code ENV-4013Y

Credits 20

We will explore how quantitative skills can solve a range of environmental and geographical problems. We will think critically about numbers in the media and learn how scientists use numbers. Our workshops will focus on the practical use of maths through physical equations and mathematical models. Designed primarily for students who have no AS/ A2 qualification (or equivalent), most of the maths content will be a revision of topics you already know, but may have forgotten. You will also receive statistical training, learning about summarising data using both numerical summaries and graphs, testing hypotheses and carrying out these analyses on computers.

QUANTITATIVE SKILLS II

Code ENV-4014Y

Credits 20

Mathematical and statistical skills are key to all brands of environmental sciences and geography. This module will strengthen your mathematical and statistical skills. It will consolidate your mathematics knowledge from GCSE level and will introduce you to differentiation and integration. You’ll learn to recognise the purpose of simple statistical methods, to choose the appropriate methods to test hypotheses and to summarise data using tables and graphs. You’ll use a computer package for statistical operations. You’ll apply these quantitative skills to contemporary environmental and geographical problems, inspired by research in the School of Environmental Sciences. You’ll be assessed through an online course test and an exam. This module will widen the range of science modules that you can take during your studies in geography and environmental sciences. Upon successful completion of the module, you’ll have acquired skill in applying a range of mathematical and statistical methods to problems in environmental sciences and geography. Recommended if you have: A-level Maths (D or E), AS Maths, A2 Physics (C or better), IB SL Maths (2, 3), IB SL Maths Studies, GCSE Maths (A, A*,7), CHE-0006

MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENTISTS A

Code ENV-4015Y

Credits 20

You will cover differentiation, integration, vectors, partial differentiation, ordinary differential equations, further integrals, power series expansions, complex numbers and statistical methods as part of this module. In addition to the theoretical background there is an emphasis on applied examples. Previous knowledge of calculus is assumed. This module is the first in a series of three maths modules for those across the Faculty of Science that provide a solid undergraduate mathematical training. The follow-on modules are Mathematics for Scientists B and C. Recommended if you have grade A*-C at A-level Mathematics, or equivalent.

REAL ANALYSIS

Code MTHA4003Y

Credits 20

We will explore the mathematical notion of a limit and see the precise definition of the limit of a sequence of real numbers and learn how to prove that a sequence converges to a limit. After studying limits of infinite sequences, we move on to series, which capture the notion of an infinite sum. We then learn about limits of functions and continuity. Finally, we will learn precise definitions of differentiation and integration and see the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

ALGEBRA 1

Code MTHA4006Y

Credits 20

Algebra plays a key role in pure mathematics and its applications. We will provide you with a thorough introduction and develop this theory from first principles. In the first semester, we consider linear algebra and in the second semester, we move on to group theory. In the first semester, we develop the theory of matrices, mainly (though not exclusively) over the real numbers. The material covers matrix operations, linear equations, determinants, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, diagonalization and geometric aspects. We conclude with the definition of abstract vector spaces. At the heart of group theory in Semester 2 is the study of symmetry and the axiomatic development of the theory. The basic concepts are subgroups, Lagrange’s theorem, factor groups, group actions and the Isomorphism Theorem.

CALCULUS AND MULTIVARIABLE CALCULUS

Code MTHA4008Y

Credits 30

In this module you will study: (a) Complex numbers. (b) Vectors. (c) Differentiation; power series. (d) Integration: applications, curve sketching, area, arc-length. (e) First and second-order, constant-coefficient ordinary differential equations. Reduction of order. Numerical solutions using MAPLE. Partial derivatives, chain rule. (f) Line integrals. Multiple integrals, including change of coordinates by Jacobians. Green's Theorem in the plane.

ELECTROMAGNETISM, OPTICS, RELATIVITY AND QUANTUM MECHANICS

Code PHY-4001Y

Credits 20

This module gives an introduction to important topics in physics, with particular, but not exclusive, relevance to chemical and molecular physics. Areas covered include optics, electrostatics and magnetism and special relativity. The module may be taken by any science students who wish to study physics beyond A Level.

ACOUSTICS AND LABORATORY IN PHYSICS

Code PHY-4004Y

Credits 20

One half of the module will cover the physics of acoustics, especially with relation to music and musical instruments. The Matlab programming environment will be introduced and used to analyse a series of sounds. These analyses will form the basis for a written report on those sounds. The other half of the module will be a practical laboratory. A variety of experiments will be carried out and the data analysis written up in report format.

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Open Days

Important Information

Whilst the University will make every effort to offer the modules listed, changes may sometimes be made arising from the annual monitoring, review and update of modules. Where this activity leads to significant (but not minor) changes to programmes and their constituent modules, the University will endeavour to consult with students and others. It is also possible that the University may not be able to offer a module for reasons outside of its control, such as the illness of a member of staff. In some cases optional modules can have limited places available and so you may be asked to make additional module choices in the event you do not gain a place on your first choice. Where this is the case, the University will inform students.

Students are required to take at least 80 credits each from two of the following major subjects by the end of their final year: Biology, Chemistry, Computing, Environmental Sciences, Mathematics and Physics. At least 100 credits of the modules taken in Year 2 should be at Level 5.

Assessment for Year 2

We use a variety of assessment methods across the different modules, ranging from 100% coursework to 100% examination.

You will also undertake a final year project, which will include a substantial piece of written research work and will count for 33% of your final year mark.

Compulsory Modules

Optional A Modules

(100-120 credits)

BIOCHEMISTRY

Code BIO-5002A

Credits 20

This module aims to develop your understanding of contemporary biochemistry, especially in relation to mammalian physiology and metabolism. There will be a particular focus on proteins and their involvement in cellular reactions, bioenergetics and signalling processes.

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Code BIO-5003B

Credits 20

You will be given a background to the fundamental principles of molecular biology, in particular the nature of the relationship between genetic information and the synthesis, and three dimensional structures, of macromolecules. You will also gain practical experience of some of the techniques used for the experimental manipulation of genetic material, and the necessary theoretical framework. The module also includes an introduction to bioinformatics, the computer-assisted analysis of DNA and protein sequence information.

HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

Code BIO-5004A

Credits 20

This module will provide you with an understanding of the themes and principles of physiology and a detailed knowledge of the major human organ systems. An understanding of how disease affects the ability of organ systems to maintain the status quo will be an important part of this course.

CELL BIOLOGY

Code BIO-5005B

Credits 20

This module explores the molecular organisation of cells and the regulation of cellular changes, with some emphasis on medical cell biology. Dynamic properties of cell signalling, growth factor function and aspects of cancer biology and immunology. Regulation of the internal cell environment (information flow, cell growth, division and motility), the relationship of the cell to its extracellular matrix and the determination of cell phenotype. Aspects of cell death, developmental biology, mechanisms of tissue renewal and repair. It is suggested that students taking this module should also take BIO-5003B (Molecular Biology) or BIO-5009A (Genetics).

PLANT BIOLOGY

Code BIO-5006A

Credits 20

The module studies the biochemical, physiological and developmental processes of plants.

EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY

Code BIO-5008B

Credits 20

This module investigates the principles of evolutionary biology, covering various sub-disciplines, i.e. adaptive evolution, population ecology, molecular and population genetics, speciation, biogeography, systematics, and finishing with an overview of Biodiversity. This module will enable you to understand, analyse and evaluate the fundamentals of evolutionary biology and be able to synthesise the various components into an overall appreciation of how evolution works. Key topics and recent research will be used to highlight advances in the field and inspire thought. Weekly interactive workshops will explore a number of the conceptual issues in depth through discussions, modelling and problem solving. Although there are no pre-requisites in terms of specific modules, students will need a basic understanding of Evolution and Genetics to undertake this module.

GENETICS

Code BIO-5009A

Credits 20

The aim is to provide you with an appreciation of genetics at a fundamental and molecular level and to demonstrate the importance and utility of genetic studies. Genetics and molecular biology lie at the heart of biological processes, ranging from cancer biology to evolution.

BEHAVIOURAL ECOLOGY

Code BIO-5010B

Credits 20

We will explore how evolution and ecology shape animal behaviour, examining how important traits have evolved to maximise survival and reproduction in the natural environment. Darwinian principles provide the theoretical framework, and we will explore key concepts of selfishness, altruism, conflict, survival, optimality, reproduction, parental care and death. Relevant research will be used to lead our understanding of the ultimate function of key traits. In parallel with the lectures, students design, conduct, analyse and present their own research project, working in a group to collect original data in order to answer a question about the adaptive significance of behaviour.

BIOLOGY IN SOCIETY

Code BIO-5012Y

Credits 20

This module will provide you with an opportunity to explore various aspects of biology in society. You will have an opportunity to discuss a number of examples – ranging from the scientific and ethical considerations of genetically modified (GM) crops, stem cell research, and designer babies, to the introduction of non-native species, and whether culling should be used a means of species control. You will critically analyse the way biological science issues are represented in popular literature and various media. What was once viewed as science fiction has sometimes become scientific reality. Conversely, science fiction can often portray science inaccurately. During the module you will research relevant scientific literature, and fictional works, to consider both the scientific and ethical arguments for various developments, and to discover the degree of scientific accuracy represented within examples of science fiction.

FIELD ECOLOGY

Code BIO-5013A

Credits 20

This module aims to introduce you to a wide range of habitats and methods for studying the organisms and natural processes occurring in these habitats. The focus is on identification of species and on formulating and testing hypotheses to investigate interactions between species and their habitats or on examining environmental gradients. The module includes a two week residential field trip to Ireland before the start of the first semester in the autumn term. This module would suit you if you are interested in natural history, geography, ecology and designing and testing scientific hypotheses.

COMMUNITY, ECOSYSTEM AND MACRO-ECOLOGY

Code BIO-5014B

Credits 20

This module introduces you to major concepts and definitions in community ecology, macro-ecology and biogeography. You will use these to explore how communities are structured in relation to local-scale to regional-scale processes, how they function and respond to perturbations at different scales, and result in emergent macro- to global-scale patterns of biodiversity distribution. Throughout the module, there is an emphasis on the relevance of theory and fundamental science to understanding the current environmental and biodiversity crisis. Anthropogenic impacts on natural communities through land-use, species exploitation, non-native species, and climate change, are a recurrent theme underpinning the examples you will draw upon.

MICROBIOLOGY

Code BIO-5015B

Credits 20

A broad module covering all aspects of the biology of microorganisms, providing key knowledge for specialist modules. Detailed description is given about the cell biology of bacteria, fungi and protists together with microbial physiology, genetics and environmental and applied microbiology. The biology of disease-causing microorganisms (bacteria, viruses) and prions is also covered. Practical work provides hands-on experience of important microbiological techniques, and expands on concepts introduced in lectures. The module should appeal to biology students across a wide range of disciplines and interests.

CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY IN THE TROPICS (FIELDCOURSE)

Code BIO-5020K

Credits 20

Conservation ecology and biodiversity are central areas of research in the biological sciences and they share many theories, concepts and scientific methods. This module intends to take a practical approach to the commonalities in these areas using a combination of seminar work and fieldwork. The seminars will develop ideas in sub-tropical and tropical biology: students will research issues affecting conservation of biodiversity in the tropics, considering the species ecology and the habitats, threats and challenges. There will be a significant component of small group work and directed, independent learning. The field component of this module will be a two week residential field trip to the tropics, one of two field sites (depending on numbers of students and availability).The field sites are run by expert field ecologists and during the two weeks we will explore the local environment, learn about the ecology of the landscape and about the species that inhabit the area. We will develop and run practical sessions on survey and census techniques, use of technology in modern field biology and the role of protected areas in species conservation. Students will conduct original research on the field trip, informed by prior research at UEA, to gain a deeper understanding of an aspect of tropical biology. There will be an assessed presentation on the field trip and many opportunities to develop the students own interests. All student participants will take an active role in the organisation and running of the module in order to gain project management and field logistics experience. Students will be responsible for the sourcing, storage and transport of field equipment on the way to the field site and of samples on the return to the UK. Students will gain experience of travelling to a remote area and of working through licensing and customs processes. At the end of the module a report is written on the field project in the style of a journal article addressing specific questions in ecology conservation or biodiversity. Throughout the module students will be expected to maintain a modern-media record of their project from the initial desk based work at UEA, through the field component to outcomes and reporting. NOTE: There will be a significant additional cost to this module to cover the costs of transportation and accommodation in the field. Costs will be detailed at an initial meeting for interested students and will be clearly advertised. 2018/19 costs were £1300 per student. Students will need to provide any visas required for entry into the host country, sturdy walking boots and appropriate field clothing. All attendees must ensure that all travel vaccinations etc are in order prior to departure.

WORK PLACEMENT

Code BIO-5021Y

Credits 20

This module will enable you to develop a range of workplace skills associated with Biological Sciences, which may take place across a variety of organisations. This will involve identifying, securing and undertaking a placement in association with the organisation you will be working for. This module is only available to you as a student in year 2 (Level 5) of a Biological Sciences degree programme. This module is only available to you as a student in year 2 (Level 5) of the Biological Sciences degree programme (C100). Please speak with the Module Organiser before enrolling on this module.

DATA SCIENCE FOR BIOLOGISTS

Code BIO-5023Y

Credits 20

This module will teach students the tools they need to use computing and programming to handle biological data. As big data becomes more mainstream across all biological disciplines (from multi-omics to complex ecological datasets), biology students need to have skills in computer programming and data analysis. Here they will learn how to organise and store large data sets, run a data science project, and communicate their findings with visuals and clear insights. This module will be available to students in year 2 (Level 5), and will focus on providing students with the data handling tools to problem solve across a range of biological disciplines.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Code CHE-5101A

Credits 20

This course builds on Chemistry of Carbon-based Compounds (the first year organic chemistry course). You will cover four main topics. The first 'aromaticity' includes benzenoid and hetero-aromatic systems. The second major topic is the organic chemistry of carbonyl compounds. Spectroscopic characterisation of organic compounds is reviewed and the final major topic is 'stereochemistry and mechanisms'. This covers conformational aspects of acyclic and cyclic compounds. Stereoelectronic effects, Neighbouring Group Participation (NGP), Baldwin’s rules, Cram’s rule and cycloaddition reactions are then discussed.

GRAPHICS 1

Code CMP-5010B

Credits 20

This module will provide you with an introduction to the fundamentals of computer graphics. You will gain a strong foundation in computer graphics, focusing on 2D graphics, algorithms and interaction. You need to have a good background in programming to take this module. OpenGL is used as the graphics API with examples provided in the lectures and supported in the laboratory classes.

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Code CMP-5012B

Credits 20

Software Engineering is one of the most essential skills for work in the software development industry. You will gain an understanding of the issues involved in designing and creating software systems from an industry perspective. You will be taught state of the art phased software development methodologies focusing on the activities of initial class model design to actual operational software systems. These activities are complemented with an introduction into software project management and development facilitation.

ARCHITECTURES AND OPERATING SYSTEMS

Code CMP-5013A

Credits 20

Study the organisation of system software and the underlying hardware architecture in modern computer systems. The role of concurrent operation of hardware and software components is emphasised throughout this module. Central concepts are reinforced by practical work in the laboratory. The architectures portion of the module focuses on the components of a processor, including the registers and data path, and you will explore concepts such as instruction fetch cycles, instruction decoding and memory addressing modes. The operating systems component focuses on how the system software manages the competing demands for the system hardware, including memory management and disc and processing scheduling.

DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS

Code CMP-5014B

Credits 20

The purpose of this module is to give the student a solid grounding in the design, analysis and implementation of algorithms and in the efficient implementation of a wide range of important data structures.

PROGRAMMING 2

Code CMP-5015A

Credits 20

This is a compulsory module for all computing students and is a continuation of programming 1. It contains greater breadth and depth and provides students with the range of skills needed for many of their subsequent modules. We introduce C in order to improve your low level understanding of how programming works. We recap Java and deepen your understanding of the language by teaching topics such as nested classes, enumeration, generics, reflection, collections and threaded programming. We also cover C++ and introduce C# to highlight the similarities and differences between languages.

PROGRAMMING FOR NON-SPECIALISTS

Code CMP-5020B

Credits 20

You will be introduced to a number of programming concepts at the start of your programming career, using a modern programming language common to many digital industries, with specific focus on applications within STEM fields. We structure learning through lectures, delivering core materials, and tutor supported exercises to reinforce learning, and to prepare you for programming in your following studies.

ANALOGUE AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

Code CMP-5027A

Credits 20

A practical introduction to electronics, this module is structured to consider analogue electronics and digital electronics in turn. Topics you’ll cover include passive and active components, including op-amps, transistors, logic gates, flip-flops and registers. Circuits you’ll study include amplifiers, oscillators, modulators, combinational and sequential logic and state machines. You’ll spend much of your time doing practical work – underpinned by lectures – where you will build prototypes circuits, as well as designing and building Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs).

CONTINGENCIES AND MODELLING

Code CMP-5031Y

Credits 20

You’ll gain a good grounding in the mathematical techniques which can be used to model and value cash flows dependent on death, survival or other uncertain risks. You will study the statistics associated with various life assurance contracts and the calculation of their premiums and reserves. You will also develop further your financial modelling skills by focusing on understanding the importance of an audit trail and including good model documentation.

MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS

Code CMP-5034A

Credits 20

This module introduces the essential concepts of mathematical statistics deriving the necessary distribution theory as required. In consequence in addition to ideas of sampling and central limit theorem, it will cover estimation methods and hypothesis-testing.

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL

Code CMP-5036A

Credits 20

In this module you will learn about the development of the technologies which are the basis of search on the Web. Search engine development has been driven by large increases in online documents and the need to provide better results. You will learn about a range of techniques for improving search results and how to evaluate their impact.

NETWORKS

Code CMP-5037B

Credits 20

Explore how networks are designed and implemented to provide reliable data transmission. You will take a layered approach to the study of networks, with emphasis on the functionality of the OSI 7 layer reference model and the TCP/IP model. You will examine the functionality provided by each layer and how this contributes to overall reliable data transmission that the network provides, with a focus on the practical issues associated with networking such as real-time delivery of multimedia information (e.g. VoIP) and network security. Labs and coursework are highly practical and underpin the theory learnt in lectures.

TIME SERIES

Code CMP-5042B

Credits 10

This module considers both the theory and practice of statistical modelling of time series. Students will be expected to analyse real data using R.

LINEAR REGRESSION USING R

Code CMP-5043B

Credits 10

This is a module designed to give you the opportunity to apply linear regression techniques using R. While no advanced knowledge of probability and statistics is required, we expect you to have some background in probability and statistics before taking this module. The aim is to provide an introduction to R and then provide the specifics in linear regression.

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Code CMP-5045B

Credits 20

Embedded processors are at the core of a huge range of products e.g. mobile telephones, cameras, passenger cars, washing machines, DVD players, medical equipment, etc. The embedded market is currently estimated to be worth around 100x the 'desktop' market and is projected to grow exponentially over the next decade. This module will help you to build on the material delivered in the Architectures and Operating Systems module to consider the design and development of real-time embedded system applications for commercial off the shelf (COTS) processors running real-time operating systems (RTOS), such as eLinux.

FOUNDATIONS OF DATA SCIENCE

Code CMP-5046B

Credits 20

In this module you will study the key concepts, processes, techniques in the data science workflow. There will be coverage of data collection, storage, key statistical and machine learning techniques, and presenting the results of analyses.

RENEWABLE ENERGY

Code ENG-5002B

Credits 20

This module builds on understanding in wind, tidal and hydroelectric power and introduces theories and principles relating to a variety of renewable energy technologies including solar energy, heat pumps and geothermal sources, fuel cells and the hydrogen economy, biomass energy and anaerobic digestion. You will consider how these various technologies can realistically contribute to the energy mix. You will study the various targets and legislative instruments that are used to control and encourage developments. Another key aspect of the module is the study and application of project management and financial project appraisal techniques in a renewable energy context.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS AND POLICY MAKING

Code ENV-5002B

Credits 20

The most significant obstacles to problem solving are often political, not scientific or technological. This module examines the emergence and processes of environmental politics. It analyses these from different theoretical perspectives, particularly theories of power and public policy making. The module is focused on contemporary examples of politics and policy making at UK, EU and international levels. The module supports student-led learning by enabling students to select (and develop their own theoretical interpretations of) ‘real world’ examples of politics. Assessment is via seminar slides and a case study essay. The module assumes no prior knowledge of politics.

CLIMATE CHANGE: SCIENCE AND POLICY

Code ENV-5003A

Credits 20

You will develop your skills and understanding in the integrated analysis of global climate change, using perspectives from both the natural sciences and the social sciences. You will gain a grounding in the basics of climate change science, impacts, adaptation, mitigation and their influence on and by policy decisions. This module also offers you a historical perspective on how climate policy has developed, culminating in the December 2015 Paris Agreement. Finally, it considers what will be required to meet the goal of the Paris Agreement to limit global warming to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels.

APPLIED GEOPHYSICS

Code ENV-5004B

Credits 20

In this module you will learn about the processes that shape the Earth's shallow subsurface, and how to detect and map subsurface structures and resources. Physical properties of solid materials and subsurface fluids will be explored, including how fluid movement affects these properties. Methods to image the subsurface will be introduced using real datasets, collected by the class where possible. We will apply the theory to real-life problems including risk mitigation, engineering and resource exploration. This module will include fieldwork on campus where possible, specialist computer software, and some light mathematical analysis (trigonometry, rearranging linear equations, logarithms).

APPLIED GEOPHYSICS WITH FIELDCOURSE

Code ENV-5005K

Credits 20

What lies beneath our feet? This module addresses this question by exploring how wavefields and potential fields are used in geophysics to image the subsurface on scales of metres to kilometres. You’ll study the basic theory, data acquisition and interpretation methods of seismic, electrical, gravity and magnetic surveys. A wide range of applications are covered, including archaeological geophysics, energy resources and geohazards. Highly valued by employers, this module features guest lecturers from industry who explain the latest 'state-of-the-art' applications and give you unique insight into real world situations. Students doing this module are normally expected to have a good mathematical ability, notably in calculus and algebra. This module also includes a one-week field course, currently held in the Lake District during Easter break. The cost of attending the field course is subsidised by the School but students enrolling must commit to paying a sum to cover their attendance.

WEATHER APPLICATIONS

Code ENV-5009B

Credits 20

This module will build upon material covered in Meteorology I, by covering topics such as synoptic meteorology, weather hazards, micro-meteorology, further thermodynamics and weather forecasting. The module includes a major summative coursework assignment based on data collected on a UEA meteorology fieldcourse in a previous year.

WEATHER APPLICATIONS WITH FIELDCOURSE

Code ENV-5010K

Credits 20

Weather is one of the most popular topics of conversation. But how, specifically, does it present risks and opportunities, to people, organisations and to the wider environment? In this module you will develop a clear understanding of these linkages and an evidence base to draw on in future roles in which weather is a factor. You’ll learn how to confidently source a diverse range of real-time weather information and you’ll practice analysing such data, leading subsequently to successful interpretation and effective communication, both written and in front of the camera. You’ll see, first hand, how meteorology depends upon computer systems for the efficient sharing, processing and visualisation of weather information. Being taught by weather practitioners with long experience of providing weather services to users, you will get the inside track on what it’s like to work in weather. Weather Forecasting is one central theme and application which will provide a focus for learning. How are forecasts made and delivered, who uses forecasts and what are their distinctive needs? Success in forecasting depends in part on a good physical understanding of atmospheric processes - through practical work, we’ll study those processes and use real examples of weather systems and events to reinforce the learning. At the end of the module, through an embedded week-long Easter residential fieldcourse, you’ll apply your enhanced process understanding and forecasting knowledge in a hands-on way to design and implement meteorological field experiments, testing hypotheses through the collection and interpretation of field data collected using weather sensors. You’ll write up your choice of fieldcourse experiment for assessment, after first receiving informal feedback on a related poster presentation.

POPULATION ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

Code ENV-5014A

Credits 20

We live in a human dominated era recently designated “the Anthropocene”. Humans harvest more than half of the primary productivity of the planet, many resources are over-exploited or depleted (e.g. fisheries) never before has it been so important to correctly manage natural resources for an exponentially growing human population. It is, thus, fundamental to predict where other species occur and the sizes of their populations (abundance). Population Ecology is an area dedicated to the dynamics of population development. In this module we will look closely at how populations are regulated, from within through density dependent factors and from external density independent factors. We start the module with a global environmental change perspective to the management of populations and the factors that affect the population size. We then extend these ideas to help us understand population properties and processes both intra-specifically and inter-specifically. Finally we examine several management applications where we show that a good understanding of the population modelling is essential to correctly manage natural resources on the planet. Practicals include learning to survey butterflies and birds using citizen science monitoring projects and will be focused on delivering statistical analyses of “Big data” using the programme R-studio. The projects will provide a strong training in both subject specific and transferable skills.

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND GLOBAL CHANGE

Code ENV-5015A

Credits 20

Atmospheric chemistry and global change are in the news. Stratospheric ozone depletion, acid rain, greenhouse gases, and global scale air pollution are among the most significant environmental problems of our age. Chemical composition and transformations underlie these issues, and drive many important atmospheric processes. This module covers the fundamental chemical principles and processes in the atmosphere, from the Earth's surface to the stratosphere, and considers current issues of atmospheric chemical change through a series of lectures, problem-solving classes, seminars, experimental and computing labs, as well as a field trip to UEA’s own atmospheric observatory in Weybourne/North Norfolk.

OCEAN CIRCULATION

Code ENV-5016A

Credits 20

This module gives you an understanding of the physical processes occurring in the basin-scale ocean environment. We will introduce and discuss large scale global ocean circulation, including gyres, boundary currents and the overturning circulation. Major themes include the interaction between ocean and atmosphere, and the forces which drive ocean circulation. You should be familiar with partial differentiation, integration, handling equations and using calculators. Shelf Sea Dynamics is a natural follow-on module and builds on some of the concepts introduced here. We strongly recommend that you also gain oceanographic fieldwork experience by taking the 20-credit biennial Marine Sciences field course.

SHELF SEA DYNAMICS AND COASTAL PROCESSES

Code ENV-5017B

Credits 20

The shallow shelf seas that surround the continents are the oceans that we most interact with. They contribute a disproportionate amount to global marine primary production and CO2 drawdown into the ocean, and are important economically through commercial fisheries, offshore oil and gas exploration, and renewable energy developments (e.g. offshore wind farms). You will explore the physical processes that occur in shelf seas and coastal waters, their effect on biological, chemical and sedimentary processes, and how they can be harnessed to generate renewable energy. You will develop new skills during this module that will support careers in the offshore oil and gas industry, renewable energy industry, environmental consultancy, government laboratories (e.g. Cefas) and academia. The level of mathematical ability required to take this module is similar to Ocean Circulation and Meteorology I. You should be familiar with radians, rearranging equations and plotting functions.

GLOBAL TECTONICS

Code ENV-5018A

Credits 20

Processes in the Earth’s interior exert a profound influence on all aspects of the Earth’s system, and have done so throughout geological time. This module is designed to explore all aspects of those processes from the creation and destruction of tectonic plates to the structure of the Earth’s interior and the distribution and dissipation of energy within it. This will include: the theory and mechanisms of plate tectonics, the generation of magma and volcanism; the mechanisms behind earthquakes. The geological record of this activity, its evolution and impacts on the Earth will also be discussed.

MARINE SCIENCES FIELDCOURSE

Code ENV-5020K

Credits 20

The first three days of the fieldcourse involve lectures, seminars and practical sessions on physical, chemical and biological oceanographic techniques, as well as analysis of data and planning of field activities. The next five days see you undertake practical activities using oceanographic research ships and laboratory facilities. On the final day, you’ll be involved in data interpretation and group presentations. The number of practical days required will depend on the number of students undertaking the fieldcourse, so the above days are flexible. This module runs every 2 years and only goes ahead if there are sufficient students enrolled. The maximum number of students (28)includes those enrolled on ENV 7030K. Please note that you can only enrol onto this module via an application form from the School (Deadline usually at the end of semester 1 in the previous academic year) and not via the standard module enrolment process. The module runs in the summer prior to the start of the academic year.

HYDROLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY

Code ENV-5021A

Credits 20

Hydrology and hydrogeology are Earth Science subjects concerned with the assessment of the natural distribution of water in time and space and the evaluation of human impacts on the water. This module provides an introduction to geological controls on groundwater occurrence, aquifer characteristics, basic principles of groundwater flow, basic hydrochemistry, an introduction to catchment hydrology, hydrological data collection and analysis, runoff generation processes and the principles of rainfall-runoff modelling. Practical classes develop analytical skills in solving problems as well as field skills in pumping test analysis and stream gauging. A field excursion in Norfolk is also offered in this module.

ENERGY TRANSITIONS

Code ENV-5022B

Credits 20

This module examines the complexities of the transition to low carbon energy systems. It draws on a range of disciplines, theories and perspectives to critically examine many of the key challenges. It begins by exploring how we can understand energy systems and how they differ across space and time. The module draws on historical analyses to understand how energy systems have evolved in the past, as well as examining the different ways in which we can imagine the future of energy. Students will gain an in-depth understanding of the complexities of changing energy systems, enabling them to critically engage with debates around future “energy transitions”, the role that innovation and emergent technologies might play, and the various challenges of shifting towards renewable based energy systems.

GIS SKILLS FOR PROJECT WORK

Code ENV-5028B

Credits 20

This module builds upon the introduction to GIS provided in the first year Research and Field Skills module, focusing on how you obtain your data, integrate it and then undertake analysis and presentation tasks. ESRI ArcGIS will be the main software used, but the module also offers information on online GIS (ArcGIS Online) as well as scripting tools (Python) and open source software (QGIS) that you may wish to progress in your own time. Teaching will consist of a one-hour lecture and a three-hour practical class each week.

GEOLOGY LAB SKILLS

Code ENV-5029B

Credits 20

Good observational and descriptive skills lie at the heart of many areas of environmental science and you will develop those skills during this module. It is particularly suitable if you are interested in geology and geophysical sciences as you will cover generic geology skills. The module will include: observing, describing and recording the characteristics of geological materials (hand specimen and under microscope); measuring and representing 3d data, and reading geological maps.

GEOLOGY SKILLS

Code ENV-5030B

Credits 20

This module is designed to develop good observational, descriptive and analytical skills and is particularly suitable for students with interest in Geology, Earth and Geophysical Sciences. It will cover generic geological skills, together with some geophysical and physical geography skills that will be of use when carrying out independent projects. The module will include: (i) observing, describing and recording of characteristics of geological materials (minerals, soils, sediments, rocks and fossils) in the field, in hand specimen and under the microscope; (ii) measuring and recording of spatial and 3D structural data on maps, stereographic and rose diagram projections, reading geological maps and basic geological mapping, and (iii) an introduction to applied geophysical techniques. The module includes a week-long residential fieldwork component in the Easter vacation which has an added cost implication in the region of £300. There will be an alternative arrangement for students who for whatever reason are unable to undertake the residential fieldwork. There is a co-requisite or pre-requisite of 20 or more credits from the modules: Earth Surface Processes, Global Tectonics or Exploring the Earth’s Subsurface. Students who have previously taken ENV-5030B Geology Skills, or ENV-5029B Geology Lab Skills cannot take this module. They will, however, have an opportunity to take part in the residential field course.

SEDIMENTOLOGY

Code ENV-5035B

Credits 20

Sediments and sedimentary rocks cover much of the Earth's surface, but how do they get there and what can they tell us? If you are a geologist or environmental scientist with particular interest in physical geography then this is a key issue that you need to think about. Sediments record the Earth's history of environmental change, a record that started 3.8 billion years ago. Sediments contain the fossil record and host many of the world’s natural resources including water, hydrocarbons, and minerals. In this module you will discover how sedimentologists decode the wealth of information sediments contain, taught by two practicing sedimentologists who have international research reputations in their respective fields. This module includes the study of modern sediments in a range of environments including rivers, the continental shelf and deep ocean basins. We put particular emphasis on the physical and chemical processes that result in the deposition of different sediment types. We then use this basis to interpret the origin and processes that formed ancient sedimentary rocks. The module emphasises development of practical skills in the laboratory, and also in the field.

CONSTRUCTING HUMAN GEOGRAPHIES

Code ENV-5038A

Credits 20

How can human geography help us understand and address pressing environmental and social problems? This is the central question of the module which affirms the distinctive value and relevance of work in contemporary human geography. Throughout you will explore a wide range of approaches to environmental and social problems in contemporary human geography. You’ll gain a firm grounding in social constructivism which is underlying philosophy of these approaches - at its core social constructivism is about challenging our assumptions, digging deeper to ask why certain problems have emerged, and coming up with new ways of dealing with them. You’ll also learn how to communicate insights from human geography to policy-makers and practitioners, and how to critically evaluate examples of human geographers’ engagements with policy. You’ll begin with the basics of social constructivism, learn why this approach is used by human geographers, and consider the value of this perspective. You’ll then delve deeper, exploring the social construction of a different object or problem each week. Topics covered will include: nature, hazards, alternative economies, and social difference. You’ll practice applying what you’ve learnt to tackling current problems, and learn about how human geographers are making a difference to these issues. You’ll learn through a mixture of lectures, workshops and self-directed study and you’ll be assessed through a written policy brief and reflective report (100%).

AQUATIC BIOGEOCHEMISTRY

Code ENV-5039B

Credits 20

The Earth’s terrestrial and marine water bodies support life and play a major role in regulating the planet’s climate. This module will train you to make accurate measurements of the chemical composition of the aquatic environment. In lectures and in the lab you will explore important chemical interactions between life, fresh and marine waters and climate, looking at nutrient cycles, dissolved oxygen, trace metals, carbonate chemistry and chemical exchange with the atmosphere. Students taking this module are expected to be familiar with basic chemical concepts and molar concentration units. This module makes a good combination with Aquatic Ecology.

SOCIAL RESEARCH SKILLS

Code ENV-5040A

Credits 20

Human geography and the environmental social sciences employ a range of approaches and methods with which to explore their diverse research questions. This module will introduce you to the practice of social science research, including methods that use quantitative (numerical) and qualitative (non-numerical) data. Through a combination of lectures, workshops, and practical activities, you will learn how to design and carry out your own research. By the end of the module you will know how to formulate an interesting research question; how to choose an appropriate method to investigate it; how to ensure that you collect good quality data; how to analyse and interpret your data; and how to present the results of your research. The module is recommended if you intend to use social research methods in your independent dissertation project. In addition to gaining practical research skills, you will develop your ability to critically evaluate research studies that use social science methods. As well as benefiting your academic studies, these analytical and practical research skills are highly valued in many occupational sectors.

AQUATIC ECOLOGY

Code ENV-5041A

Credits 20

Explore how chemical, physical and biological influences shape the biological communities of rivers, lakes and estuaries in temperate and tropical regions. Three field visits and laboratory work, usually using microscopes and sometimes analysing water quality, provide an important practical component to this module. A good complement to other ecology modules, final-year Catchment Water Resources and modules in development studies or geography, it can also be taken alongside Aquatic Biogeochemistry or other geochemical and hydrology modules. Students selecting this module must have a background in basic statistical analysis of data.

EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES

Code ENV-5042A

Credits 20

This module draws upon on a range of scientific disciplines including geomorphology, sedimentology, soil science and eco-geomorphology. The module overviews a variety of Earth’s surface environments and the processes that lead to expression in landforms, soil evolution, sediment accumulation and ultimately, the formation of sedimentary rocks. The environments covered include deep and marginal marine, intertidal, aeolian, glacial and fluvial. The approach will be both descriptive and quantitative, based on understanding of erosion, transport, deposition, accumulation and burial and the evolution of soils. East Anglian case studies will be used to illustrate and explain eco-geomorphology and coastal processes, dovetailed with soil evolution. Geomorphological expression will be linked to sedimentary processes and sedimentary rock. There will be an introduction to the methods and different types of evidence used by geologists, physical geographers and other earth scientists.

WEATHER

Code ENV-5043A

Credits 20

The weather affects everyone and influences decisions that are made continuously around the world. From designing and siting a wind farm to assessing flood risk and public safety, weather plays a vital role. Have you ever wondered what actually causes the weather we experience, for example why large storms are so frequent across north western Europe, especially in Winter? In this module you will learn the fundamentals of the science of meteorology. We will concentrate on the physical processes that underpin the radiation balance, thermodynamics, wind-flow, atmospheric stability, weather systems and the water cycle. We will link these to renewable energy and the weather we experience throughout the Semester. Assessment will be based entirely on a set of practical reports that you will submit, helping you to spread your work evenly through the semester. You will learn how Weather is a rich fusion of descriptive and numerical elements and you will be able to draw effectively on your own skill strengths while practising and developing others, guided by Weatherquest’s Meteorologists.

COMPLEX FUNCTIONS AND LINEAR ALGEBRA

Code MTHA5003A

Credits 20

One thread of this module covers the standard basic theory of the complex plane. The areas covered include continuity, power series and how they represent functions for both real and complex variables, differentiation, holomorphic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations. The second thread follows on from the Linear Algebra studied in Year One. We introduce the concept of a vector space over a field. Throughout the module we will see examples of different vector spaces which will illustrate the results presented. We will learn about vector subspaces. We will see the definition of a basis of a vector space, why this construction is useful and how we can then talk about the dimension of the space. We will then look at linear transformations between pairs of vector spaces, which will lead to the definitions of the kernel and the image of a linear transformation and hence to the rank-nullity theorem. We will see how by fixing bases, a linear transformation can be encoded in matrix form and how changing the bases changes that matrix, which will lead on to the study of eigenvectors and the diagonalization of matrices.

COMPLEX INTEGRATION AND RING THEORY

Code MTHA5003B

Credits 20

Study of complex integration will include consideration of the topology of the complex plane along with proof of the Cauchy and Laurent theorems along with applications including residue calculus. The other area of mathematics studied in this module is Ring Theory. After an introduction to rings using integers as a model, we develop the theory with many examples related to familiar concepts such as substitution and factorisation. Important examples of commutative rings include fields, domains, polynomial rings and their quotients.

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND APPLIED METHODS

Code MTHA5004Y

Credits 20

(a) Ordinary Differential Equations: solution by reduction of order; variation of parameters for inhomogeneous problems; series solution and the method of Frobenius. Legendre's and Bessel's equations: Legendre polynomials, Bessel functions and their recurrence relations; Fourier series; Partial differential equations (PDEs): heat equation, wave equation, Laplace's equation; solution by separation of variables. (b) Method of characteristics for hyperbolic equations; the characteristic equations; Fourier transform and its use in solving linear PDEs; (c) Dynamical Systems: equilibrium points and their stability; the phase plane; theory and applications.

COMPLEX ANALYSIS

Code MTHA5006Y

Credits 20

This module covers the standard basic theory of the complex plane. The areas covered in the first semester, (a), and the second semester, (b), are roughly the following: (a) Continuity, power series and how they represent functions for both real and complex variables, differentiation, holomorphic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations. (b) Topology of the complex plane, complex integration, Cauchy and Laurent theorems, residue calculus.

INVISCID FLUID FLOW

Code MTHA5007Y

Credits 20

This module will introduce the student to fundamental principles and ideas in the study of fluid dynamics, including flow kinematics and dynamics.

ALGEBRA II

Code MTHA5008Y

Credits 20

The module offers an introduction to vector space theory in the first semester followed by ring theory in the second semester. For vector spaces you will learn about subspaces, basis and dimension, linear maps, rank-nullity theorem, change of basis and the characteristic polynomial. This is followed by an introduction to rings using integers as a model. We develop the theory with many examples related to familiar concepts such as substitution and factorisation. Important examples of commutative rings include fields, domains, polynomial rings and their quotients.

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND LINEAR ALGEBRA

Code MTHB5008A

Credits 20

This module builds on the mathematical fundamentals introduced in year 1 and covers both Differential Equations and Linear Algebra. You’ll develop the pre-requisite mathematical skills for Actuarial Methods & Models, and Advanced Statistics. In Differential Equations you will develop skills for solving both Ordinary Differential Equations and Partial Differential Equations by a variety of techniques. For Ordinary Differential Equations the methods include series solutions and the method of Frobenius. Fourier series are introduced and utilised when solving Partial Differential Equations by separation of variables. In Linear Algebra you will develop skills in the algebra of matrices, including: Matrix operations, linear equations, determinants, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, diagonalization and geometric aspects.

MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENTISTS B

Code MTHB5010A

Credits 20

Matrix algebra: Introduction to matrices. Systems of linear equations. Solving systems of linear equations using elementary operations. Matrices and systems of linear equations. Gaussian elimination, row echelon form and back-substitution. Reduced row echelon form; use of rank to distinguish cases of no solution, unique solution, infinitely many solutions. Matrix inversion. Determinants. Linear independence, calculation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Numerical methods: Numerical methods for solving matrix systems. Iterative methods including Jacobi iteration and Gauss-Seidel iteration. Convergence criteria. Interpolation. Numerical differentiation and integration. Numerical integration of ODEs. Elements of programming in Python (or Matlab): Defining and manipulating variables. Arrays. Data input and graphics output. Functions. If/Then statements and For loops. Programs implementing numerical methods for systems of linear equations, nonlinear equations and integration of ODEs. Fourier series and Fourier transforms: Introduction to time series. Frequency domain. Definition and properties. Examples of transforms. Techniques for inverse transforms. Application to integral equations. Application to linear ODEs and PDEs Second-order partial differential equations: Basic concepts and definitions, wave equation, heat conduction equation, Laplace's equation. The method of separation of variables. Application of this method for solving initial/boundary value problems associated with the aforementioned P.D.E.'s. D'Alembert's solution for the wave equation. Application for solving initial value problems for the wave equation on infinite and semi-infinite domains.

MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENTISTS C

Code MTHB5011B

Credits 20

Vector calculus: Scalar fields, gradient, directional derivative, level surfaces. Vector fields, divergence, Laplacian, curl, divergence theorem, Stokes's theorem, solenoidal vector fields, irrotational vector fields. Velocity potential, horizontal divergence. Uniform stream. Mass source Fluid dynamics: Basic concepts. Introduction. Continuum hypothesis. Pressure. Hydrostatic pressure. Buoyancy and Archimedes' principle. Material derivative. Streamlines. Stream tubes. One-dimensional flows. Conservation of mass. Bernoulli's equation. Flow over an obstacle. Hydraulic jump. Two and three-dimensional flows. Conservation of mass. Streamlines. Forces. Euler's equations of motion. Bernoulli's equation in generality. Rotation and vorticity. Rotation. Vorticity, velocity and streamfunction. Line vortex. Irrotational, incompressible flow and the velocity potential. Velocity potential. Horizontal divergence. Uniform stream. Line source. Real flows with both rotation and divergence. Vortices and time-mean wind field. Water waves. Modelling and boundary conditions. Linear theory of surface gravity waves. Phase speed and group speed. Deep water & shallow water approximations. Particle orbits. Solid mechanics: Theory of stress and strain for linear elasticity. Traction on a surface, resultant force and torque, normal and shear stresses. Principle stresses and strains. Equations of equilibrium, and constitutive law for isotropic linearly elastic solids. Examples of simple deformations and elastic waves.

INTRODUCTION TO QUANTUM MECHANICS AND SPECIAL RELATIVITY

Code MTHF5030Y

Credits 20

This module introduces you to quantum mechanics and special relativity. In quantum mechanics focus will be on: 1. Studying systems involving very short length scales – eg structure of atoms. 2. Understanding why the ideas of classical mechanics fail to describe physical effects when sub-atomic particles are involved. 3. Deriving and solving the Schrodinger equation. 4. Understanding the probabilistic interpretation of the Schrodinger equation. 5. Understanding how this equation implies that certain physical quantities such as energy do not vary continuously, but can only take on discrete values. The energy levels are said to be quantized. For special relativity, the general concept of space and time drastically changes for an observer moving at speeds close to the speed of light: for example time undergoes a dilation and space a contraction. These counterintuitive phenomena are however direct consequences of physical laws. The module will also explain the basis of Special Relativity using simple mathematics and physical intuition. Important well-known topics like inertial and non-inertial frames, the Lorentz transformations, the concept of simultaneity, time dilation and Lorentz contraction, mass and energy relation will be explained. You will end with the implications of special relativity and quantum mechanics on a relativistic theory of quantum mechanics.

COMBINATORICS AND FURTHER LINEAR ALGEBRA

Code MTHF5031Y

Credits 20

Combinatorics is one of the most applicable and accessible part of mathematics, yet it is also full of challenging problems. We shall cover many basic combinatorial concepts including counting arguments (enumerative combinatorics) and Ramsey theory. Linear Algebra underpins much of modern mathematics and is the key to many applications. We will introduce bilinear forms and symmetric operators on vector spaces leading to the diagonalization of linear maps and the spectral theorem. This theorem is key to many applications in statistics and physics. Other topics covered will include polynomials of linear maps, the Cayley-Hamilton theorem and the Jordan normal form of a matrix.

MATHEMATICAL MODELLING

Code MTHF5032Y

Credits 20

Mathematical modelling is concerned with how to convert real problems, such as those arising in industry or other sciences, into mathematical equations, and then solving them, using the results to better understand, or make predictions about, the original problem. You will look at techniques of mathematical modelling, examining how mathematics can be applied to a variety of real problems and give insight in various areas, including approximation and non-dimensionalising, and discussion of how a mathematical model is created. You will then apply this theory to a variety of models, such as traffic flow, as well as examples of problems arising in industry.

TOPICS AND LABORATORY IN PHYSICS

Code PHY-5003Y

Credits 20

This module explores physics as an empirical science through a series of laboratory experiments that probe key concepts and physical laws. The laboratory sessions will be underpinned by associated teaching surrounding the studied phenomena, and will complement topics addressed in other modules in the physics course.

HEAT, ATOMS AND SOLIDS

Code PHY-5004Y

Credits 20

Exploring fundamental aspects of thermodynamics and condensed matter physics, you’ll be introduced to ideas about the electronic structure based on the free-electron Sommerfeld and band theories, along with the concept of phonons and their contribution to the heat capacity of a solid. Also you’ll consider the structure, bonding and properties of solids, in particular electronic conductivity and magnetism, as well as atomic structure and atomic spectroscopy, and Entropy in terms of a macroscopic Carnot cycle and the statistical approach. Two important distributions of particles will be treated; Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac. Changes of state, 1st and 2nd order phase transitions and the Clausius–Clapeyron equation will be described.

STELLAR PHYSICS

Code PHY-5005A

Credits 20

Science arguably began, thousands of years ago, when humans first attempted to understand the behaviour of both the Sun and distant stars. This module provides an introduction to our modern understanding of the physics of stars: their structure, evolution, dynamics, chemistry, and magnetic fields. We will look at many of the diverse kinds of object we call stars, including their origins and the endpoint of their evolution, with a particular focus on our Sun. Much of the physics we will introduce (e.g. magnetohydrodynamics) is important in a terrestrial context too.

Quantum Theory and Symmetry

Code CHE-5250A

Credits 20

Polymers and Materials

Code CHE-5350A

Credits 20

Biophysical Chemistry

Code CHE-5601A

Credits 20

Medicinal Chemistry

Code CHE-5150B

Credits 20

Physical Chemistry II

Code CHE-5201B

Credits 20

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Code CHE-5301B

Credits 20

In this module, you’ll study the structure, bonding and reactivity patterns of inorganic compounds. The module is a prerequisite for the 3rd level inorganic course Inorganic Compounds: Structure and Functions. You’ll cover the electronic structure, spectroscopic and magnetic properties of transition metal complexes (ligand field theory), the chemistry of main group clusters, polymers and oligomers, the structures and reactivities of main group and transition metal organometallics, and the application of spectroscopic methods (primarily NMR, MS and IR) to inorganic compounds. You’ll have laboratory classes linked to the lecture topics and so you will need to have completed either of the level 4 practical modules, Chemistry Laboratory (A) or Research Skills in Biochemistry.

Instrumental Analytical Chemistry

Code CHE-5501B

Credits 20

Optional B Modules

(0-20 credits)

BIODIVERSITY

Code BIO-4001A

Credits 20

EVOLUTION, BEHAVIOUR AND ECOLOGY

Code BIO-4002B

Credits 20

PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN BIOCHEMISTRY

Code BIO-4007Y

Credits 20

CELL BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Code BIO-4015B

Credits 20

BIOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY

Code BIO-4016B

Credits 20

BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Code BIO-4017Y

Credits 20

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS

Code BIO-4018A

Credits 20

RESEARCH SKILLS IN BIOCHEMISTRY

Code CHE-4602Y

Credits 20

MATHEMATICS FOR COMPUTING A

Code CMP-4004Y

Credits 20

The module is designed to provide students who have not studied A level Mathematics with sufficient understanding of basic algebra to give them confidence to embark on the study of computing fundamentals. Various topics in discrete and continuous mathematics which are fundamental to Computer Science will be introduced to you.

MATHEMATICS FOR COMPUTING B

Code CMP-4005Y

Credits 20

PROGRAMMING 1

Code CMP-4008Y

Credits 20

PROGRAMMING FOR APPLICATIONS

Code CMP-4009B

Credits 20

DATABASE SYSTEMS

Code CMP-4010B

Credits 20

WEB-BASED PROGRAMMING

Code CMP-4011A

Credits 20

GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES

Code ENV-4001A

Credits 20

RESEARCH AND FIELD SKILLS

Code ENV-4004Y

Credits 20

UNDERSTANDING THE DYNAMIC PLANET

Code ENV-4005A

Credits 20

SUSTAINABILITY, SOCIETY AND BIODIVERSITY

Code ENV-4006B

Credits 20

ATMOSPHERE & OCEANS

Code ENV-4007B

Credits 20

GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVES

Code ENV-4010Y

Credits 20

QUANTITATIVE SKILLS I

Code ENV-4013Y

Credits 20

QUANTITATIVE SKILLS II

Code ENV-4014Y

Credits 20

MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENTISTS A

Code ENV-4015Y

Credits 20

MATHEMATICAL SKILLS

Code MTHA4001A

Credits 20

The unit provides you with a thorough introduction to some systems of numbers commonly found in Mathematics: natural numbers, integers, rational numbers, modular arithmetic. It also introduces you to common set theoretic notation and terminology and a precise language in which to talk about functions. There is emphasis on precise definitions of concepts and careful proofs of results. Styles of mathematical proofs you will discuss include: proof by induction, direct proofs, proof by contradiction, contrapositive statements, equivalent statements and the role of examples and counterexamples. In addition, this unit will also provide you with an introduction to producing mathematical documents using Latex, and an introduction to solving mathematical problems computationally using both Symbolic Algebra packages and Excel.

REAL ANALYSIS

Code MTHA4003Y

Credits 20

ALGEBRA 1

Code MTHA4006Y

Credits 20

COMPUTATION AND MODELLING

Code MTHA4007B

Credits 20

Computation and modelling are essential skills for the modern mathematician. While many applied problems are amenable to analytic methods, many require some numerical computation to complete the solution. The synthesis of these two approaches can provide deep insight into highly complex mathematical ideas. This module will introduce you to the art of mathematical modelling, and train you in the computer programming skills needed to perform numerical computations. A particular focus is classical mechanics, which describes the motion of solid bodies. Central to this is Newton’s second law of motion, which states that a mass will accelerate at a rate proportional to the force imposed upon it. This leads to an ordinary differential equation to be solved for the velocity and position of the mass. In the simplest cases the solution can be constructed using analytical methods, but in more complex situations, for example motion under resistance, numerical methods may be required. Iterative methods for solving nonlinear algebraic equations are fundamental and will also be studied.

ELECTROMAGNETISM, OPTICS, RELATIVITY AND QUANTUM MECHANICS

Code PHY-4001Y

Credits 20

ACOUSTICS AND LABORATORY IN PHYSICS

Code PHY-4004Y

Credits 20

CHEMISTRY SKILLS A

Code CHE-4002A

Credits 20

Chemistry of the Carbon-Based Compounds

Code CHE-4101B

Credits 20

Physical Chemistry I

Code CHE-4202B

Credits 20

BONDING, STRUCTURE & PERIODICITY

Code CHE-4301A

Credits 20

Analytical Chemistry

Code CHE-4501A

Credits 20

PROBABILITY

Code MTHA4001B

Credits 10

Chemistry Skills B

Code CHE-4003B

Credits 20

Admissions Live Chat

Open Days

Important Information

Students should complete at least 80 credits in their two major subjects by the end of Year 3. The Project module can count as 20 credits towards each major subject or 40 credits towards one major subject, depending on the topic chosen. In Year 3 students are expected to take a minimum of 60 credits at level 6 in addition to the Natural Sciences project.

Assessment for Year 3

We use a variety of assessment methods across the different modules, ranging from 100% coursework to 100% examination.

You will also undertake a final year project, which will include a substantial piece of written research work and will count for 33% of your final year mark.

Compulsory Modules

NATURAL SCIENCES BSC PROJECT

Code NAT-6001Y

Credits 40

This individual research module is compulsory for all Natural Sciences students and is only available to Natural Sciences students. It comprises supervised research in at least one area of science. It may involve research partners across the Norwich Research Park. The project can involve collection of data in the laboratory or in the field, and/or development of a piece of equipment, and/or development of software or a theoretical/numerical model, and/or analysis of pre-existing data from a variety of sources. It must include independent scientific analysis. It will be assessed by a written report, a presentation, and a web log maintained throughout the project.

Optional A Modules

(60-80 credits)

MOLECULAR ENZYMOLOGY IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE

Code BIO-6001A

Credits 20

The module sets out to explain the molecular basis of the often complex catalytic mechanisms of enzymes concentrating particularly on their relevance to and applications in biotechnology and medicine. An extended practical based on the kinetics of a model enzyme, chymotrypsin, helps underpin concepts learnt in the module.

CELLULAR SIGNALLING

Code BIO-6003A

Credits 20

How do cells receive and react to information from their external environment? What is the molecular basis for how cells respond to external signalling cues and how does this relate to physiological processes? In this module you will study cellular signalling by ion channels, G protein-coupled receptors, enzyme-linked receptors; the associated signal transduction mechanisms and relevance to human physiology and disease. The module includes aspects of the molecular basis of cellular signalling, structure-function relationships and pharmacology. You will study the molecular basis of cellular signalling by three principle receptor families, namely ion channels, G protein-coupled receptors and enzyme-linked receptors. You will build on your knowledge of cell biology and human physiology to deepen your understanding of cellular signalling. You will learn through lectures and independent study.

MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Code BIO-6004A

Credits 20

This module provides an overview of the uses of microorganisms in biotechnological principles. It provides training in the basic principles that control microbiological culture growth, the microbial physiology and genetics that underpin the production of bioproducts such as biofuels, bioplastics, antibiotics and food products, as well as the use of micro-organisms in wastewater treatment and bioremediation.

MICROBIAL CELL BIOLOGY

Code BIO-6005B

Credits 20

This module will provide you with a detailed understanding of cutting-edge developments in microbial cell biology. You will cover essential techniques used to carry out modern day molecular microbiology. These techniques will be further explained to you in the context of work done on model microbial systems in research conducted on the Norwich Research Park (NRP). The module is taught to you by world-leading research scientists from the NRP and focuses on the structure and analysis of bacterial genomes, the bacterial cytoskeleton, sub-cellular localisation, cell shape and cell division and intercellular communication between bacteria and higher organisms. You will also have research-led seminars delivered by NRP PhD students.

CELL BIOLOGY AND MECHANISMS OF DISEASE

Code BIO-6006B

Credits 20

Do you want to learn about the key topics within cell biology and understand how these relate to human diseases? You will learn about the structure and function of cells in health and disease through a combination of practical demonstrations, where you will experience some of the imaging techniques used in the study of Cell Biology. You will also participate in a workshop, where you will learn how to design experiments. This module will provide you with a solid understanding of aspects of cell structure, function and related diseases concerning: ubiquitination; the cytoskeleton; cell division; cell signalling in motility and wound healing; the extracellular matrix; growth factors and proliferation; cell differentiation and adult stem cells and apoptosis.

EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION GENETICS

Code BIO-6008B

Credits 20

You will gain a deep understanding about conservation genetics / genomics based on an evolutionary / population-genetic framework, thereby covering contemporary issues in conservation biology, evolution, population biology, genetics, organismal phylogeny, Next Generation Sequencing, and molecular ecology. This is an advanced course in evolutionary biology / conservation genetics that will benefit you if you plan to continue with a postgraduate degree in ecology, genetics, conservation, or evolution. It is also ideal if you are wishing to deepen your knowledge in 1st and 2nd year conservation / evolution / genetics modules. A background in evolution, genetics, and/or molecular biology is highly recommended.

CANCER BIOLOGY

Code BIO-6009A

Credits 20

On this module you will learn about the various roles of genes in cancer cell signalling, the cell cycle, cell death processes such as apoptosis, metastasis and angiogenesis, and discuss the potential for novel therapies. The use of animal models and the problems with drug resistance will be discussed. You will develop key skills in the critical analysis of primary cancer research papers. We work closely with experts at the Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital wherever possible, enabling you to gain an in-depth appreciation of cancer as a disease process from both the scientific and clinical viewpoints.

INFECTION AND IMMUNITY

Code BIO-6010B

Credits 20

This module provides a detailed coverage of the biology of selected infectious microorganisms, in the context of host and responses to pathogens. The properties of organs, cells and molecules of the immune system are described, along with the mechanism of antibody diversity generation, and the exploitation of the immune response for vaccine development. Examples of pathogens are used to illustrate major virulence strategies.

SOCIAL EVOLUTION

Code BIO-6011B

Credits 20

Life is organised hierarchically. Genes aggregate in cells, cells aggregate in organisms, and organisms aggregate in societies. Each step in the formation of this hierarchy is termed a major evolutionary transition. Because common principles of social evolution underlie each transition, the study of altruism and cooperation in nature has broadened out to embrace the fundamental hierarchical structure common to all life. This module investigates this new vision of social evolution. It explores how principles of social evolution underlying each transition illuminate our understanding of life's diversity and organisation, using examples ranging from selfish genetic elements to social insects and mammals.

EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT AND STEM CELL BIOLOGY

Code BIO-6012A

Credits 20

You will study the mechanisms that drive embryonic development, including the signals and signalling pathways that lead to the establishment of the body plan, pattern formation, differentiation and organogenesis. Your lectures will cover different model organisms used in the study of development with a focus on vertebrate systems. The relevance of embryonic development to our understanding of human development and disease is a recurring theme throughout the module, which also covers stem cells and organoids and their role in enhancing our understanding of development and disease, healthy tissue maintenance and drug discovery.

GENOMES, GENES AND GENOMICS

Code BIO-6013A

Credits 20

This module will provide you with knowledge of the biological analysis of genomes. This will focus on our understanding of genome composition, organisation and evolution, and the global regulation of gene expression. When you have completed this module you will understand contemporary methods that inform us about the biology of genomes.

EVOLUTION IN HEALTH AND DISEASE

Code BIO-6017A

Credits 20

The module provides up-to-date learning in evolutionary medicine and the evolution of disease. The module examines how evolutionary principles illuminate and provide fresh insight into a broad range of contemporary health problems including infectious, chronic and nutritional diseases and disorders. Topics are introduced in a multidisciplinary approach that takes into account the relationship between biology and society. The module covers 5 areas: (i) principles of evolutionary medicine - humans in their evolutionary context; (ii) evolution and non-infectious diseases (cancer, lifestyles, ageing); (iii) evolution and infection (vaccines, antibiotics, pathogens, emerging diseases); (iv) personalised medicine and social context of evolutionary medicine; (v) case studies in ancient DNA and human evolution.

SCIENCE COMMUNICATION

Code BIO-6018Y

Credits 20

You will gain an understanding of how science is disseminated to the public and explore the theories surrounding learning and communication. You will investigate science as a culture and how this culture interfaces with the public. Examining case studies in a variety of different scientific areas, alongside looking at how information is released in scientific literature and subsequently picked up by the public press, will give you an understanding of science communication. You will gain an appreciation of how science information can be used to change public perception and how it can sometimes be misinterpreted. You will also learn practical skills by designing, running and evaluating a public outreach event at a school or in a public area. If you wish to take this module you will be required to write a statement of selection. These statements will be assessed and students will be allocated to the module accordingly.

PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE FOOD PRODUCTION

Code BIO-6025B

Credits 20

Plant biotechnology can play an important role in providing crop varieties with increased disease resistance, better P and N (Phosphorous and Nitrogen) use efficiency, and higher nutritional value. It includes not just genetic modification, but any technology to obtain desirable traits in plants, such as mutagenesis and marker-assisted selection. The identification of important traits from wild germplasm and existing cultivars, and their introduction into elite cultivars has been achieved primarily using conventional plant breeding methods. This module will identify the major challenges for sustainable crop production, and highlight the role of plant biotechnology and current plant breeding strategies.

BIOLOGY OF AGEING: EVOLUTION, ECOLOGY AND HUMAN HEALTH

Code BIO-6031A

Credits 20

The purpose of this module is to introduce students to the fundamentals of the biology of ageing, as well as to the latest discoveries in evolutionary and applied biogerontology. The students will learn about the ultimate evolutionary causes of ageing, the genetics of ageing, and the role of the environment in shaping differences in ageing between populations, sexes, and individuals. The module material will cover ageing in wild populations of animals and plants, in laboratory model organisms, and in historical and contemporary human populations. Special attention will be given to ageing as a global challenge facing modern societies and to the research advances aimed at extending healthy lifespan in humans. The module will use Mechanisms of Life-History Evolution (2011) (Oxford University Press, eds. Flatt and Heyland) and The Evolution of Senescence in the Tree of Life (2017) (Cambridge University Press, eds. Shefferson, Jones and Salguero-Gomez) as the items of core reading and will refer back to some of the chapters in these books.

MACHINE LEARNING

Code CMP-6002B

Credits 20

This module covers the core topics that dominate machine learning research: classification, clustering and reinforcement learning. We describe a variety of classification algorithms (e.g. Neural Networks, Decision Trees and Learning Classifier Systems) and clustering algorithms (e.g. k-NN and PAM) and discuss the practical implications of their application to real world problems. We then introduce reinforcement learning and the Q-learning problem and describe its application to control problems such as maze solving.

ADVANCED STATISTICS

Code CMP-6004A

Credits 20

This module covers two topics in statistical theory: Linear and Generalised Linear models and also includes Stochastic processes. The first two topics consider both the theory and practice of statistical model fitting and students will be expected to analyse real data using R. Stochastic processes including the random walk, Markov chains, Poisson processes, and birth and death processes.

GRAPHICS 2

Code CMP-6006A

Credits 20

Explore the fundamentals of 3D geometric transformations and viewing using OpenGL and learn the theory and implementation of fundamental visibility determination algorithms and techniques for lighting and shading. You’ll study 3D curves and fundamental geometric data structures, as well as considering the issues involved with modern high performance graphics processors.

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Code CMP-6025B

Credits 20

Embedded processors are at the core of a huge range of products e.g. mobile telephones, cameras, passenger cars, washing machines, DVD players, medical equipment, etc. The embedded market is currently estimated to be worth around 100x the 'desktop' market and is projected to grow exponentially over the next decade. This module builds on the material delivered in CMP-5013A to consider the design and development of real-time embedded system applications for commercial off the shelf (COTS) processors running real-time operating systems (RTOS) such as eLinux.

AUDIOVISUAL PROCESSING

Code CMP-6026A

Credits 20

This module explores how computers process audio and video signals. In the audio component, the focus is on understanding how humans produce speech and how this can be processed by computer for speech recognition and enhancement. Similarly, the visual component considers the human eye and camera, and how video is processed by computer. The theoretical material covered in lectures is reinforced with practical laboratory sessions. The module is coursework only and requires you to build a speech recogniser capable of recognising the names of students studying the module using both audio and visual speech information.

COMPUTER VISION

Code CMP-6035B

Credits 20

Computer Vision is about “teaching machines how to see”. You will study methods for acquiring, analysing and understanding images in both lectures and laboratories. The practical exercises and projects that you undertake in the laboratory will support the underpinning theory and enable you to implement contemporary computer vision algorithms.

HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION

Code CMP-6039A

Credits 20

Human Computer Interaction (or UX) covers a very wide range of devices, including conventional computers, mobile devices and “hidden” computing devices. In this module you will learn about interactions from a variety of perspectives, such as cognitive psychology, ethnographic methods, security issues, UI failures, the principles of good user experience, heuristic and experimental evaluation approaches and the needs of a range of different audiences.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Code CMP-6040A

Credits 20

This module will introduce you to core techniques in Artificial Intelligence. Topics covered may include state space representation and search algorithms, knowledge representation, expert systems, Bayesian networks, Markov Models, Neural networks, Deep learning, and an Introduction to Robotics and Drone.

UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING

Code CMP-6046B

Credits 20

In this module we will introduce the multifaceted topic of Ubiquitous Computing. You will learn about how computing power can be taken away from desktop computer setting and be applied anywhere. The module draws upon many other areas such as Signal Processing, Machine Learning, Human Computer Interaction, Internet of Things, Networks, and the use of hardware such as microcontrollers, various sensors to create systems that sense and interpret the outside world to help solve a wide range of problems. These systems can be wearable devices, smartphone apps that use the phone’s sensors, or bespoke devices that can be deployed in buildings, vehicles, urban and natural environments. This is project and coursework orientated module with an emphasis on developing your own ideas to gain the skills needed to take the power of computing to be everywhere.

ADVANCED PROGRAMMING

Code CMP-6048A

Credits 20

Covers advanced features of established OO languages including C++ and Java, introduces F# (functional language) and C# (hybrid language) including .NET/CLR, and C++11,14. On the other side of the language spectrum, procedural and lower level languages such as C, IL, Bytecode and x86 assembly language are studied. Furthermore, code optimisation and high-performance computing (cluster, GPU) are addressed as well. Finally, practical methods as part of software engineering are reiterated including agile programming, design patterns and software testing.

ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND DISTRIBUTION

Code ENG-6001B

Credits 20

This module is highly practical and will allow you to study how electricity is generated and how it is distributed to users. The first part studies DC and AC electricity and looks at how RLC circuits behave through complex phasor analysis. The second part will give you the chance to study electricity generators, beginning with magnetism and Faraday’s Law. Synchronous and asynchronous generators are studied along with application to conventional power stations and to renewable generation (e.g. wind). You'll also look at transformers and transmission lines with a view to distribution of electricity. Voltage conversion methods such as the rectifier, buck and boost converters are examined and finally electricity generation through solar is covered. Your lab classes will build on material from lectures which in turn forms the basis for coursework.

NUCLEAR AND SOLAR ENERGY

Code ENG-6002Y

Credits 20

This module addresses the technical and financial aspects of nuclear power and solar energy, whilst letting you apply your knowledge from the Engineering Practice module to make ethical decisions incorporating health and safety risk assessments. Successful design of nuclear installations requires a detailed quantitative risk analysis within a regulatory framework that imposes high tolerances. Furthermore, you will obtain advanced knowledge and skills for the optimal design and performance analysis for cost-effective configurations of PV systems, solar thermal systems and hybrids to achieve sustainable development. Although these energies are considered cleaner, it is essential to consider the environmental impact and planning law, as well as changing the societal perception of both.

CONTROL SYSTEMS

Code ENG-6007A

Credits 20

Automatic control is essential in any field of engineering and science. Control systems are an integral part of robotic systems, manufacturing systems, self-driven vehicles and any industrial operation and household application involving control of temperature, humidity, flow, pressure, etc. A competent engineer should be familiar with the control theories commonly used nowadays and their practical application. In particular, this module is focused on the analysis and design of control systems based on the classical control theory. Among other topics, this module covers: -Systems modelling using Laplace transforms. -System identification. -Open-loop and closed-loop control systems and the importance of feedback. -Evaluation of systems stability and behaviour using different analysis tools like Bode plots, the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, the Root Locus method or Nyquist plots. -Design and tuning of different common types of controllers, like PID controllers and lead/lag compensators, to meet a variety of design requirements. -Digital control systems. -Programming and operation of PLCs (programmable logic controllers) and its use in automatic industrial systems. -Analysis and design of control systems using Matlab In order to reinforce the learning and engagement, different case studies of industrial applications from local companies are introduced and potentially a site visit.

GEOPHYSICAL HAZARDS

Code ENV-6001B

Credits 20

Geophysical hazards such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis and landslides have significant environmental and societal impacts. This module focuses on the physical basis and analysis of each hazard, their global range of occurrence, probability of occurrence and their local and global impact. You will address matters such as hazard monitoring, modelling and assessment, and consider approaches towards risk mitigation and the reduction of vulnerability (individual and societal), with an emphasis on their practical implementation. Scenarios and probabilities of mega-disasters are also investigated. All the teaching faculty involved have practical experience of supplying professional advice on these hazards (and related risks) in addition to their own research involvement. A basic knowledge of physical science and of mathematics is assumed e.g. use of logs, exponentials, powers, cosines, rearrangement of equations.

MODELLING ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES

Code ENV-6004A

Credits 20

Our aim is to show how environmental problems may be solved from the initial problem, to mathematical formulation and numerical solution. Problems will be described conceptually, then defined mathematically, then solved numerically via computer programming. The module consists of lectures on numerical methods and computing practicals; the practicals being designed to illustrate the solution of problems using the methods covered in lectures. We will guide you through the solution of a model of an environmental process of your own choosing. The skills developed in this module are highly valued by prospective employers.

BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE ECOLOGY

Code ENV-6005A

Credits 20

Explore the evolution, biodiversity and ecology of bacteria, diatoms, coccolithophores and nitrogen fixers, and the physiology and distribution of zooplankton. You will study ecosystems such as the Antarctic, mid ocean gyres and Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems in detail, and predict the impact of environmental change (increasing temperature, decreasing pH, decreasing oxygen, and changes in nutrient supply) on marine ecosystem dynamics. Biological oceanographic methods will be critically evaluated. The module will include a reading week in week 7 and a voluntary employability visit to the Centre for the Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas) in Lowestoft. You will be expected to have some background in biology, e.g. have taken a biology, ecology or biogeochemistry based second year module in order to study this module.

BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND HUMAN SOCIETY

Code ENV-6006A

Credits 20

The global biodiversity crisis threatens mass species loss. What are the implications for society? How can communities solve this problem in a world that is facing other challenges of climate change, food security, environmental and social justice? In this inter-disciplinary module, (designed for students of Geography, Environmental Science, Ecology and International Development who have an interest in biodiversity and its conservation), you will focus on the interactions between biodiversity and human societies. The module adopts a rigorous evidence-based approach. You will first critically examine the human drivers of biodiversity loss and the importance of biodiversity to human society, to understand how underlying perspectives and motivations influence approaches to conservation. You will then examine conflicts between human society and conservation and how these potentially can be resolved, reviewing institutions and potential instruments for biodiversity conservation in both Europe and developing countries. Coursework is inter-disciplinary and will require you to evaluate and communicate the quality of evidence showing effectiveness of conservation interventions and approaches.

THE CARBON CYCLE AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Code ENV-6008A

Credits 20

What do you know about the drivers of climate change? Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the greenhouse gas that has, by far, the greatest impact on climate change, but how carbon cycles through the Earth is complex and not fully understood. Predicting future climate or defining ‘dangerous’ climate change is therefore challenging. In this module you will learn about the atmosphere, ocean and land components of the carbon cycle. We cover urgent global issues such as ocean acidification and how to get off our fossil fuel ‘addiction’, as well as how to deal with climate denialists.

FOSSIL FUELS

Code ENV-6009A

Credits 20

You will be introduced to geological, economic and political aspects of fossil fuels (oil, natural gas and coal). These are used to discuss environmental concerns arising from the use of fossil fuels, and the potentially profound implications of future fuel scarcity on society. Some knowledge of Earth science and basic Chemistry will be expected.

NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS

Code ENV-6012B

Credits 20

Environmental economics provides a set of tools and principles which can be useful in understanding natural resource management issues. This module introduces you to key principles and tools of environmental economics for students who have not studied the subject previously. It then explores how these principles can be applied to address a number of complex economy-environment problems including climate change, over-fishing and water resources management. In this module you will have the opportunity to practically apply cost-benefit analysis as a framework for decision-making and will gain knowledge on the key non-market valuation techniques that are used to monetarily value environmental goods and services. At the end of the module you will have gained insights into how environmental economics is used in developing natural resource management policy as well as some of the challenges in using environmental economics in policy-making.

PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY

Code ENV-6017B

Credits 20

This module examines the geological evidence for climatic change through the Quaternary Period (the last 2.6 million years) and the longer-term evolution of climate through the Cenozoic Era (the last 65 million years). You will explore the interpretation and causal mechanisms behind these major global environmental changes using a diverse range of approaches – isotope geochemistry, sedimentology, palaeoecology and organic geochemistry. We will focus on the geochemical, biological and sedimentological information that can be obtained from marine sediments, ice cores, and terrestrial environments and use these records to reconstruct the timing extent and magnitude of selected climatic events in the geological record.

LAND AND WATER PROCESSES AND MANAGEMENT

Code ENV-6018B

Credits 20

Based around the theme of Integrated Catchment Management (ICM), in this module you will address the fundamental requirement for an interdisciplinary catchment-based approach to protecting water and soil resources that includes an understanding of land use policy and management. Exploring land and water processes, you will cover aspects of hydrology, water pollution, aquatic ecology, soil science, flood modelling, agronomy and agri-environmental policy. This module is ideally suited for those seeking a career in catchment management working for organisations including water companies, Rivers Trusts, Natural England and the Environment Agency.

GEOSCIENCES FIELDCOURSE: GREECE

Code ENV-6022K

Credits 20

This module alternates with Geosciences field courses to other destinations. In 2020/21 this module runs (field course to Greece). In 2019/20 and 2021/22 the Geosciences destination is to southern Spain. During this field course you will develop a deeper understanding and integration of geoscience subjects: the fieldwork will develop your applied skills such as aspects of structural geology, regional tectonics, sedimentology, palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironments, and volcanology. There are two field bases in the Aegean (Greece), a) the Gulf of Corinth active rift (6 days plus a day off), and b) Santorini volcano (4 days) plus 3 travel days.

CLIMATE SYSTEMS

Code ENV-6025B

Credits 20

What sets the mean global temperature of the world? Why are some parts of the world arid whilst others at the same latitudes are humid? This module aims to provide you with an understanding of the processes that determine why the Earth’s climate (defined, for example, by temperature and moisture distribution) looks like it does, what the major circulation patterns and climate zones are and how they arise. You will study why the climate changes in time over different timescales, and how we use this knowledge to understand the climate systems of other planets. This module is aimed at you if you wish to further your knowledge of climate, or want a base for any future study of climate change, such as the Meteorology/Oceanography.

ENERGY AND PEOPLE

Code ENV-6026B

Credits 20

Modern everyday life rests fundamentally on the availability of energy. Since the 1970s, however, serious concerns have been raised about the sustainability of current energy systems. Traditionally, these problems have been analysed (and solutions proposed) from within the engineering and physical sciences. Understanding, managing and attempting to solve energy problems, however, demands a thorough appreciation of how people, at a range of scales, engage with energy in the course of their daily lives. This is a critical challenge for the social sciences, and will be the core focus of this module. Through this module, you will discover and explore a range of social science perspectives on the inter-relationships between energy and people. You will learn how to apply these ideas to contemporary energy problems and use them to generate your own visions for a sustainable energy future. You’ll also be given the chance to work as part of a team and to communicate your ideas through both written and oral presentation. You’ll begin by tracing the history and development of energy intensive societies and everyday lives as a means of understanding how energy has emerged as a key sustainability problem. You’ll then go into more depth around different theories of social and technical change before exploring how these can be used to critically analyse a range of people-based solutions to energy problems that are currently being tried and tested around the world. You’ll learn through a combination of lectures and seminars involving interactive group projects, class debates, practical exercises and student-led learning. At the end of the module, you will have developed the knowledge, skills and experience necessary to allow you to apply theories of social and technical change to a range of real-world energy problems. You’ll be able to develop and critically analyse your own (and already existing) visions of a sustainable energy future, and you’ll be able to creatively communicate these ideas to a range of different audiences.

GEOSCIENCES FIELD COURSE TO SPAIN

Code ENV-6029K

Credits 20

During this field course you will develop a deeper understanding and integration of geoscience subjects through the development of field observation, recording and interpretation skills in areas of classic field geology. This fieldcourse is in the Almeria province of southern Spain where you will study a range of rock types, sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous. Your interpretive skills will include reading the rock record to unravel evidence for deep, to shallow, to marginal basin environments, with climatic and tectonic controls on the sedimentary fill of a basin. Also the evidence for strike-slip systems and associated sub-marine Miocene volcanism.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FIELD COURSE

Code ENV-6030K

Credits 20

This module seeks to promote a deeper understanding of the interactions between the natural environment and human society through field-based teaching and project work. Travel constraints permitting, we hope to run the field course in Almeria, southern Spain. The region provides classic examples of landform evolution and arid environments, as well as experiencing major socio-economic changes in recent decades. Field activities will focus on such issues as agriculture, water resources, renewable energy and adaptation to climate change. Methods for evaluating the sustainability of developments will be examined. The module is assessed by an individual evidence report and public communication item. You will need to contribute 50% of the field course costs (the remainder is paid by the School). The precise cost will depend on the £ to Euro exchange rate at the time bookings are made but a best estimate is approximately £450. In addition, the field course will run only if a minimum number of 15 students enrol and commit to paying the student contribution. If interest exceeds the maximum number that the field centre can accommodate then priority will be given to students according to the number of possible prerequisite modules they have taken. If travel restrictions prevent a field course in Spain we will look to run a UK-based alternative.

HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS

Code MTHA6002A

Credits 20

We will trace the development of mathematics from prehistory to the high cultures of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Indus Valley civilisation, through Islamic mathematics, and on to mathematical modernity, through a selection of topics. We trace the rise of calculus and algebra, from the time of Ancient Greek and Indian mathematicians, up to the era of Newton and Leibniz. Other topics are also discussed. We will explore mathematical practice and conceptual developments in different historical and geographical settings.

HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS

Code MTHA6002B

Credits 20

CRYPTOGRAPHY

Code MTHD6025B

Credits 20

Cryptography is the science of coding and decoding messages so as to keep these messages secure, and has been used throughout history. In the past, encryption was mainly used by a small number of individuals in positions of authority. Nowadays the universal presence of the internet and e-commerce means that we all have transactions that we want to keep secret. The speed of modern home computers means that an encrypted message that would have been perfectly secure (that is, would have taken an inordinately long time to break) a few decades ago can now be broken in seconds. But as decryption methods have advanced, the methods of encryption have also become more sophisticated. Modern cryptosystems depend on mathematics, in particular Number Theory and Algebra. The most famous example of a public key cryptosystem, RSA, relies on the fact that it is 'hard' to factor a large number into a product of primes. In this course, we will look at the mathematics underpinning both classical and modern methods of cryptography and consider how these methods can be applied. You will compare material on symmetric key cryptography and public key cryptography. Examples of both will be given, along with discussion of their strengths and weaknesses, with the emphasis being on the mathematics. You will look at how prime numbers can be used in cryptography, with material on primality testing and factorisation. You will also define and study elliptic curves in order to investigate the relatively new field of elliptic curve cryptography.

SET THEORY

Code MTHE6003B

Credits 20

This module is concerned with foundational issues in mathematics and provides the appropriate mathematical framework for discussing ‘sizes of infinity’. On the one hand we shall cover concepts such as ordinals, cardinals, and the Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms with the Axiom of Choice. On the other, we shall see how these ideas come up in other areas of mathematics, such as graph theory and topology. Familiarity with and a taste for mathematical proofs will be assumed. Therefore, second year Analysis is a desired prerequisite.

GALOIS THEORY

Code MTHE6004B

Credits 20

Galois theory is one of the most spectacular mathematical theories. It gives a beautiful connection between the theory of polynomial equations and group theory. In fact, many fundamental notions of group theory originated in the work of Galois. For example, why are some groups called solvable ? Because they correspond to the equations which can be solved (by some formula based on the coefficients and involving algebraic operations and extracting roots of various degrees). Galois theory explains why we can solve quadratic, cubic and quartic equations, but no similar formulae exist for equations of degree greater than 4. In modern exposition, Galois theory deals with field extensions , and the central topic is the Galois correspondence between extensions and groups.

DYNAMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

Code MTHE6007B

Credits 20

The ocean is an important component of the Earth's climate system. This module covers mathematically modelling of the large-scale ocean circulation and oceanic wave motion. This module builds upon the techniques in fluid dynamics and differential equations that you developed in year two. It then uses these techniques to explain some interesting phenomena in the ocean that are relevant to the real world. We begin by examining the effects of rotation on fluid flows. This naturally leads to the important concept of geostrophy, which enables ocean currents to be inferred from measurements of the sea surface height or from vertical profiles of seawater density. Geostrophy also plays a key role in the development of a model for the global scale circulation of abyssal ocean. The role of the wind in driving the ocean will be examined. This enables us to model the large-scale circulation of the ocean including the development of oceanic gyres and strong western boundary currents, such as the Gulf Stream. The module concludes by examining the role of waves, both at the sea surface and internal to the ocean. The differences between wave motion at mid-latitudes and the Equator are examined, as is the roll of the Equator as a wave-guide. The equatorial waves that you will study are intimately linked with the El Niño phenomenon that affects the climate throughout the globe.

FINANCIAL MATHEMATICS

Code MTHE6026B

Credits 20

The Mathematical Modelling of Finance is a relatively new area of application of mathematics yet it is expanding rapidly and has great importance for world financial markets. The module is concerned with the valuation of financial instruments known as derivatives. Introduction to options, futures and the no-arbitrage principle. Mathematical models for various types of options are discussed. We consider also Brownian motion, stochastic processes, stochastic calculus and Ito's lemma. The Black-Scholes partial differential equation is derived and its connection with diffusion brought out. It is applied and solved in various circumstances.

DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY

Code MTHE6030A

Credits 20

This module will give an introduction to ideas of differential geometry. Key examples will be curves and surfaces embedded in 3-dimensional Euclidean space. We will start with curves and will study the curvature and torsion, building up to the fundamental theorem of curve theory. From here we move on to tangent spaces and the first and second fundamental forms, Gaussian curvature, and further topics.

WAVES

Code MTHE6031B

Credits 20

You will gain an introduction to the theory of waves. You will study aspects of linear and nonlinear waves using analytical techniques and Hyperbolic Waves and Water Waves will also be covered. It requires some knowledge of hydrodynamics and multi-variable calculus. The module is suitable for those with an interest in Applied Mathematics.

QUANTUM MECHANICS

Code MTHE6032A

Credits 20

This module covers the laws of physics described by quantum mechanics that govern the behaviour of microscopic particles. The module will focus on non-relativitic quantum mechanics that is described by the Schrodinger equation. Time-dependent and time-independent solutions will be presented in different contexts including an application to the hydrogen atom. Approximation schemes will also be discussed, with particular emphasis on variational principles, WKB approximation.

GROUPS AND ALGEBRA

Code MTHE6033A

Credits 20

This module is about further topics in algebra. It builds on the knowledge obtained on groups, rings and vector spaces in the first two years. Groups can be studied directly, or via objects called algebras (which have the structures of both rings and vector spaces). On the other hand, algebras can also be studied in their own right. Some of these concepts will be explored in this module.

PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Code MTHE6034A

Credits 20

Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) are ubiquitous in applied mathematics. They arise in many models of physical systems where there is coupling between the variation in space and time, or more than one spatial dimension. Examples include fluid flows, electromagnetism, population dynamics, and the spread of infectious diseases. It is therefore important to understand the theory of PDEs, as well as different analytic and numerical methods for solving them. This module will provide you with an understanding of the different types of PDE, including linear, non-linear, elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic; and how these features affect the required boundary conditions and solution techniques. We will study different methods of analytical solution (such as greens functions, boundary-integral methods, similarity solutions, and characteristics); as well as appropriate numerical methods (with topics such as implicit versus explicit schemes, convergence and stability). Examples and applications will be taken from a variety of fields.

NUMBER THEORY

Code MTHE6035B

Credits 20

Number Theory is the study of arithmetical properties of the integers: properties of, and patterns in, prime numbers, integer solutions of equations with integer coefficients, etc. Gauss called Number Theory the queen of mathematics and, following on from work of Fermat and Euler, is responsible for the emergence of Number Theory as a central subject in modern mathematics. Since then, Number Theory has developed in many directions, including Algebraic, Analytic and Probabilistic Number Theory, Diophantine Geometry and has found surprising applications in modern life (notably in Cryptography). In this module, building on first year material on prime factorization and basic congruences, and second year material on groups, rings and fields, you will study various aspects of Number Theory, including certain diophantine equations, polynomial congruences and the famous theorem of Quadratic Reciprocity.

THE PHYSICS OF THE UNIVERSE

Code PHY-6001Y

Credits 20

In this module you will apply physics concepts and mathematical techniques to discover the astrophysics that govern the Universe at various scales, in both time and space. This includes stellar structure and evolution; stellar systems and populations; our Milky Way, other galaxies, and galactic systems; and the early Universe. You will also learn about the observational tools such as telescopes and detectors.

ADVANCED TOPICS IN PHYSICS

Code PHY-6002Y

Credits 20

On this module you will study a selection of advanced topics in classical physics that provide powerful tools in many applications as well as provide a deep theoretical background for further advanced studies in both classical and quantum physics. The topics include analytical mechanics, electromagnetic field theory and special relativity. Within this module you will also complete a computational assignment, developing necessary skills applicable for computations in many areas of physics

ADVANCED PHYSICS LABORATORY

Code PHY-6003Y

Credits 20

This module explores concepts in physics through a series of advanced laboratory experiments, working in teams. The experiments are underpinned by associated teaching in other modules of the Physics course.

Organic Compounds: Synthesis and Properties

Code CHE-6101A

Credits 20

Physical Chemistry III

Code CHE-6201A

Credits 20

Topics in Organic Chemistry

Code CHE-6151B

Credits 20

CHEMICAL PHYSICS - PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Code CHE-6250B

Credits 20

The module will consist of topics covering important areas of modern physical chemistry and chemical physics. The material will blend together experimental and theoretical aspects of photonics, condensed phase dynamics in molecular and macromolecular fluids and quantum and classical simulations.

Inorganic Compounds: Structure and Function

Code CHE-6301B

Credits 20

Energy Materials

Code CHE-6350B

Credits 20

Topics in Analytical Chemistry

Code CHE-6501B

Credits 20

Protein Structure, Chemistry and Engineering

Code CHE-6601B

Credits 20

Optional B Modules

(0-20 credits)

BIOCHEMISTRY

Code BIO-5002A

Credits 20

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Code BIO-5003B

Credits 20

HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

Code BIO-5004A

Credits 20

CELL BIOLOGY

Code BIO-5005B

Credits 20

PLANT BIOLOGY

Code BIO-5006A

Credits 20

The module studies the biochemical, physiological and developmental processes of plants.

EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY

Code BIO-5008B

Credits 20

GENETICS

Code BIO-5009A

Credits 20

BEHAVIOURAL ECOLOGY

Code BIO-5010B

Credits 20

BIOLOGY IN SOCIETY

Code BIO-5012Y

Credits 20

FIELD ECOLOGY

Code BIO-5013A

Credits 20

COMMUNITY, ECOSYSTEM AND MACRO-ECOLOGY

Code BIO-5014B

Credits 20

MICROBIOLOGY

Code BIO-5015B

Credits 20

CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY IN THE TROPICS (FIELDCOURSE)

Code BIO-5020K

Credits 20

WORK PLACEMENT

Code BIO-5021Y

Credits 20

DATA SCIENCE FOR BIOLOGISTS

Code BIO-5023Y

Credits 20

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Code CHE-5301B

Credits 20

GRAPHICS 1

Code CMP-5010B

Credits 20

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Code CMP-5012B

Credits 20

ARCHITECTURES AND OPERATING SYSTEMS

Code CMP-5013A

Credits 20

DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS

Code CMP-5014B

Credits 20

PROGRAMMING 2

Code CMP-5015A

Credits 20

PROGRAMMING FOR NON-SPECIALISTS

Code CMP-5020B

Credits 20

ANALOGUE AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

Code CMP-5027A

Credits 20

CONTINGENCIES AND MODELLING

Code CMP-5031Y

Credits 20

MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS

Code CMP-5034A

Credits 20

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL

Code CMP-5036A

Credits 20

NETWORKS

Code CMP-5037B

Credits 20

TIME SERIES

Code CMP-5042B

Credits 10

This module considers both the theory and practice of statistical modelling of time series. Students will be expected to analyse real data using R.

LINEAR REGRESSION USING R

Code CMP-5043B

Credits 10

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Code CMP-5045B

Credits 20

FOUNDATIONS OF DATA SCIENCE

Code CMP-5046B

Credits 20

RENEWABLE ENERGY

Code ENG-5002B

Credits 20

ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS AND POLICY MAKING

Code ENV-5002B

Credits 20

CLIMATE CHANGE: SCIENCE AND POLICY

Code ENV-5003A

Credits 20

APPLIED GEOPHYSICS

Code ENV-5004B

Credits 20

APPLIED GEOPHYSICS WITH FIELDCOURSE

Code ENV-5005K

Credits 20

WEATHER APPLICATIONS

Code ENV-5009B

Credits 20

WEATHER APPLICATIONS WITH FIELDCOURSE

Code ENV-5010K

Credits 20

POPULATION ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

Code ENV-5014A

Credits 20

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND GLOBAL CHANGE

Code ENV-5015A

Credits 20

OCEAN CIRCULATION

Code ENV-5016A

Credits 20

SHELF SEA DYNAMICS AND COASTAL PROCESSES

Code ENV-5017B

Credits 20

GLOBAL TECTONICS

Code ENV-5018A

Credits 20

MARINE SCIENCES FIELDCOURSE

Code ENV-5020K

Credits 20

HYDROLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY

Code ENV-5021A

Credits 20

ENERGY TRANSITIONS

Code ENV-5022B

Credits 20

GIS SKILLS FOR PROJECT WORK

Code ENV-5028B

Credits 20

GEOLOGY LAB SKILLS

Code ENV-5029B

Credits 20

GEOLOGY SKILLS

Code ENV-5030B

Credits 20

SEDIMENTOLOGY

Code ENV-5035B

Credits 20

CONSTRUCTING HUMAN GEOGRAPHIES

Code ENV-5038A

Credits 20

AQUATIC BIOGEOCHEMISTRY

Code ENV-5039B

Credits 20

SOCIAL RESEARCH SKILLS

Code ENV-5040A

Credits 20

AQUATIC ECOLOGY

Code ENV-5041A

Credits 20

EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES

Code ENV-5042A

Credits 20

WEATHER

Code ENV-5043A

Credits 20

COMPLEX FUNCTIONS AND LINEAR ALGEBRA

Code MTHA5003A

Credits 20

COMPLEX INTEGRATION AND RING THEORY

Code MTHA5003B

Credits 20

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND APPLIED METHODS

Code MTHA5004Y

Credits 20

COMPLEX ANALYSIS

Code MTHA5006Y

Credits 20

INVISCID FLUID FLOW

Code MTHA5007Y

Credits 20

This module will introduce the student to fundamental principles and ideas in the study of fluid dynamics, including flow kinematics and dynamics.

ALGEBRA II

Code MTHA5008Y

Credits 20

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND LINEAR ALGEBRA

Code MTHB5008A

Credits 20

MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENTISTS B

Code MTHB5010A

Credits 20

MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENTISTS C

Code MTHB5011B

Credits 20

INTRODUCTION TO QUANTUM MECHANICS AND SPECIAL RELATIVITY

Code MTHF5030Y

Credits 20

COMBINATORICS AND FURTHER LINEAR ALGEBRA

Code MTHF5031Y

Credits 20

MATHEMATICAL MODELLING

Code MTHF5032Y

Credits 20

TOPICS AND LABORATORY IN PHYSICS

Code PHY-5003Y

Credits 20

HEAT, ATOMS AND SOLIDS

Code PHY-5004Y

Credits 20

STELLAR PHYSICS

Code PHY-5005A

Credits 20

Medicinal Chemistry

Code CHE-5150B

Credits 20

Instrumental Analytical Chemistry

Code CHE-5501B

Credits 20

Physical Chemistry II

Code CHE-5201B

Credits 20

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Code CHE-5101A

Credits 20

Quantum Theory and Symmetry

Code CHE-5250A

Credits 20

Polymers and Materials

Code CHE-5350A

Credits 20

Biophysical Chemistry

Code CHE-5601A

Credits 20

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Entry Requirements

A Levels

AAA including two Science A-Levels from Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Maths, Further Maths, Environmental Science, Geography, Geology or ICT. Science A-levels must include a pass in the practical element.

BTEC

DDD - Applied Science, or Applied Science (Medical Science) is acceptable. Exclude BTEC Public Services on its own.

Scottish highers

AAAAA (please note this is only accepted in combination with two Science subjects at Advanced Higher Grade B or A-Level Grade A).

Scottish highers advanced

BBB including two Science subjects from Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, Further Mathematics, Geography or ICT.

Irish leaving certificate

6 subjects at H2 including two Science subjects from Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, Further Mathematics, Geography or ICT.

Access course

Pass Access to HE Diploma with Distinction in 45 credits at Level 3 including 24 credits in two Science subjects from Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Maths, Further Maths, Environmental Science, Geography, Geology or ICT .

European Baccalaureate

82% overall with 8.5 in two Science subjects from Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, Further Mathematics, Geography or ICT.

International Baccalaureate

34 with two HL6 Science subjects from Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Maths, Further Maths, Geography or ICT.

GCSE offer

You are required to have Mathematics and English Language at a minimum of Grade C or Grade 4 or above at GCSE.

Additional entry requirements

A-Level General Studies and Critical Thinking are not accepted.  Science A Levels must include a pass in the practical element.

If you do not meet the academic requirements for direct entry, you may be interested in one of our Foundation Year programmes.

INTO UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA 

If you do not meet the academic and/or English requirements for direct entry our partner, INTO University of East Anglia offers guaranteed progression on to this undergraduate degree upon successful completion of a preparation programme. Depending on your interests, and your qualifications you can take a variety of routes to this degree: 

International Foundation in Pharmacy Health and Life Science

International Foundation in Physical Sciences and Engineering

Alternative Entry Requirements

UEA recognises that some students take a mixture of International Baccalaureate IB or International Baccalaureate Career-related Programme IBCP study rather than the full diploma, taking Higher levels in addition to A levels and/or BTEC qualifications. At UEA we do consider a combination of qualifications for entry, provided a minimum of three qualifications are taken at a higher Level. In addition some degree programmes require specific subjects at a higher level.

Students for whom english is a foreign language

Applications from students whose first language is not English are welcome. We require evidence of proficiency in English (including writing, speaking, listening and reading): 

IELTS: 6.0 overall (minimum 5.5 in all components) for year 1 entry

IELTS: 6.5 overall (minimum 6.0 in all components) for year 2 entry

We also accept a number of other English language tests. Please click here to see our full list. 

INTO University of East Anglia  

If you do not yet meet the English language requirements for this course, INTO UEA offer a variety of English language programmes which are designed to help you develop the English skills necessary for successful undergraduate study: 

Interviews

Most applicants will not be called for an interview and a decision will be made via UCAS Track. However, for some applicants an interview will be requested. Where an interview is required the Admissions Service will contact you directly to arrange a time.

Gap year

We welcome applications from students who have already taken or intend to take a gap year.  We believe that a year between school and university can be of substantial benefit. You are advised to indicate your reason for wishing to defer entry on your UCAS application.

Intakes

This course is open to UK and International applicants. The annual intake is in September each year.

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Course Reference Number: 4478974

BSc NATURAL SCIENCES