School of History
School of History |
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This substantial bibliography is organised in the following sections, corresponding to the seminar programme:
G. Poggi, The State: Its Nature, Development and Prospects (1990)
A. Vincent, Theories of the State (1987)
R. King, The State in Modern Society. New Directions in Political Sociology (1986)
C. Tilly (ed.), The Formation of National States in Western Europe (1975)
K. Dyson, The State Tradition in Western Europe (1980)
D. Held (ed.), States and Societies (1983)
J. Hoffmann, State, Power and Democracy (1988), Part 1.
M. Mann, The Sources of Social Power. Volume II: The rise of classes and nation-states, 1760-1914 (1993), chs. 11-14, 20.
M. Mann, States, war and capitalism: studies in political sociology (1988), esp. chs. 1 and 2
B. Moore, Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World (1969), chs. 7-9
T. Skocpol, 'A critical review of Barrington Moore's Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy', Politics and Society 4 (1973), 1-34, reprinted in Skocpol, Social Revolutions in the Modern World (1994), pp. 25-54.
D. Smith, Barrington Moore: Violence, Morality and Political Change (1983), esp. chs. 1 and 4.
T. Skocpol, 'Bringing the State Back In: Strategies of Analysis in Current Research', in P.B. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds.), Bringing the State Back In (1985), pp. 3-37.
G. McLennan, D. Held, S. Hall (eds.), The Idea of the Modern State, chs. 1, 2 (esp. pp. 42-73) and 9.
V.G. Kiernan, 'State and nation in Western Europe', P&P, 31 (1965).
P. Flora and J. Alber, 'Modernization, Democratization, and the development of Welfare States in Western Europe', in P. Flora and A.H. Heidenheimer (eds.), The Development of Welfare States in Europe and America (1981), pp. 37-80.
P. Baldwin, The Politics of Social Solidarity: Class Bases of the European Welfare State 1875-1975 (1990)
W.J. Mommsen (ed.), The Emergence of the Welfare State in Britain and Germany 1850-1950 (1981)
J. Cronin, The Politics of State Expansion: War, State and Society in Twentieth-Century Britain (1991)
(useful, but not as useful as it sounds: concentrates heavily on the state and labour and on changes in the 'tax regime')
J. Cronin, 'The British State and the Structure of Political Opportunity', Journal of British Studies, 27 (1988)
(a good introduction to the new 'statist' interpretations of state
growth)
K. Marx and F. Engels, Manifesto of the Communist Party, in Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Selected Works in One Volume (1968 and frequent reprints), pp. 35-63.
K. Marx, The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, in Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Selected Works in One Volume, pp. 96-179.
K. Marx, Preface to a Contribution to a Critique of Political Economy (1859), in Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Selected Works in One Volume, pp. 180-184
T. Carver (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Marx (1991)
S. Avineri, The Social and Political Thought of Karl Marx (1968)
B. Jessop, The Capitalist State (1982), ch. 1.
J. Maguire, Marx's Theory of Politics (1978)
J. Elster, Making Sense of Marx (1985), ch. 7.
G. A. Cohen, Karl Marx's Theory of History: A Defence (1978), ch. 8.
M. Cowling (ed.), The "Communist Manifesto": New interpretations
(1998)
M. Weber, 'The Nation State and Economic Policy' (Freiburg Inaugural Lecture - 1895) and 'The Profession and Vocation of Politics', in P. Lassman and R.Speirs (eds.), Weber: Political Writings (1994), pp. 1-28, 309-69.
M. Weber, Economy and Society, ed. G. Roth and C. Wittich (1978), vol. 1, pp. 212-254.
M. Albrow, Max Weber's Construction of Social Theory (1990)
W.J. Mommsen, The Social and Political Theory of Max Weber (1989), chs. 1-3, 7.
W.J. Mommsen, Max Weber and German Politics 1890-1920 (1984), esp. ch. 3.
D. Beetham, Max Weber and the Theory of Modern Politics (1985)
K. Tribe (ed.), Reading Weber (1989), chs. 1-4 (ch. 8 is an alternative translation of the Freiburg Inaugural Lecture)
W. Hennis, Max Weber: Essays in Reconstruction (1988), chs. 1-2.
L.A. Scaff, Fleeing the Iron Cage: Culture, Politics and Modernity in the Thought of Max Weber (1989), ch. 1.
D. Beetham, 'Max Weber and the Liberal Political Tradition', Archives Européenes de Sociologie, 30 (1989), 311-23.
S.S. Wolin, 'Max Weber. Legitimation, Method and the Politics of Theory', Political Theory, 9 (1981), 401-24.
A. Ryan, 'Mill and Weber on History, Freedom and Reason', in W.J. Mommsen and J. Osterhammel (eds.), Max Weber and his Contemporaries (1987), pp. 170-81.
L. Scaff and T.C. Arnold, 'Class and the Theory of History: Marx on
France and Weber on Russia', in R.J. Antonio and R.M. Glassman (eds.),
A
Marx - Dialogue (1985)
Wk 3 Weber, Bureaucracy and Modernity
See reading above under Weber
V. Berghahn, Imperial Germany 1871-1914: Economy, Society, Culture and Politics (1994)
G. Martel (ed.), Modern Germany Reconsidered, 1870-1945 (1992), chs. 1-3, 5.
H.-U. Wehler The German Empire, 1871-1918 (1985)
D. Blackbourn and G. Eley, The Peculiarities of German History. Bourgeois Society and Politics in Nineteenth Century Germany (1984)
G. Bonham, `Between Hegel and Marx: An Alternative Approach to the Political Role of the Wilhelmine State,' German Studies Review, 7 (1984), 199-225
J. Caplan, 'The 'imaginary university of particular interests': the 'tradition' of the civil service in German history', Social History, 4 (1979), 299-317
S. Lash & S. Whimster (eds) Max Weber, rationality and modernity (1987)
P. du Gay, In praise of bureaucracy: Weber - organisation - ethics (2000)
W. Mommsen, The age of bureaucracy: perspectives on the political
sociology of Max Weber (1974)
Wk 4 Marxism and the Russian/Soviet Experience: the Death of Marxism?
See reading above under Marx & Marxism
R.W. Davies, ''Gorbachev's socialism in historical perspective', New Left Review, 179 (1990), pp. 5-27
N. Harding, 'Socialism, Society and the Organic Labour State', in N. Harding (ed.), The State in Socialist Society (1984), pp. 1-50
M. Malia, The Soviet Tragedy (1990)
M Sandle, A Short History of Soviet Socialism (1999)
Alan Ryan, (ed.), After the End of History (1992)
R. V. Daniels, The End of the Communist Revolution (1993)
Wk 5 Social and Political Integration: Britain and Germany (c. 1850-1914)
How successfully did the political systems of Britain and Germany integrate different social groups and classes?
Key Reading:
Britain:
N. Blewett, 'The Franchise in the United Kingdom, 1885-1918'. P&P, 32 (1965)
Germany:
Berghahn, Imperial Germany, Part IV, esp. chs 13, 14 and 16
M. John, 'Constitution, Administration and Law' in R. Chickering (ed.), Imperial Germany: a Historiographical Companion (1996)
W.J. Mommsen, Imperial Germany 1867-1918: Politics, Culture and Society in an Authoritarian State (1995), chs. 1-3
Supplementary reading:
Britain
Third Reform Act and its Consequences
Andrew Jones, The Politics of Reform 1884 (Cambridge, 1972)
Chadwick, 'The Role of Redistribution in the Making of the Third Reform Act', HJ, 19 (1976), 665-83
P. Clarke, 'Liberals, Labour and the Franchise', EHR, 92 (1977),
582-90
From the Third Reform Act to the Representation of the People Act
M. Hart, 'The Liberals, the War and the Franchise', EHR, 97 (1982)
H.C.G. Matthew, R. McKibbin & J.A. Kay, 'The Franchise Factor in the Rise of the Labour Party', EHR, 91 (1976)
D. Tanner, 'The Parliamentary Electoral System, the "Fourth" Reform Act and the Rise of Labour in England and Wales', Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, 56 (1983)
D. Tanner, Political Change and the Labour Party 1900-1918 (1990),
Ch. 4, pp. 385-92
The Making of the Representation of the People Act
M. Pugh, Electoral Reform in War and Peace 1906-1918 (1978) DAC 180
D.H.Close, 'The Collapse of Resistance to Democracy: Conservatives, Adult Suffrage and Second Chamber Reform, 1911-28', HJ, 20 (1977)
See also
D.E.Butler, The Electoral System in Britain Since 1918 (1963)
J. Hart, Proportional Representation: Critics of the British Electoral System 1820-1945 (1992)
M. Kinnear, The British Voter: An Atlas and Survey Since 1885
(1968)
Germany
Constitutional development and the electoral system
F. Engels, The Role of force in history: a study of Bismarck's policy of blood and iron (1968), pp. 89-108. DD 218
M. Weber, 'Parliament and Government in Germany under a New Political Order' (1918), in P. Lassman and R. Speirs (eds.), Weber. Political Writings (1994), pp. 130-271; also translated as 'Parliament and Government in a Reconstructed Germany', in G. Roth and C. Wittich (eds.), Max Weber. Economy and Society, vol. 2 (1978), pp. 1381-1469.
E. Hucko (ed.), The Democratic Tradition. Four German Constitutions (1987)
H. W. Koch, A Constitutional History of Germany in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (1984).
J. Retallack '"Why Can't a Saxon be More like a Prussian?" Regional Identities and the Birth of Modern Political Culture in Germany, 1866-67', Canadian Journal of History, 32 (1997)
G. G.Windell, 'The Bismarckian Empire as a Federal State 1866-1880: A Chronicle of Failure,' Central European History, 2 (1969): 291-311.
M. John, 'The Peculiarities of the German State. Bourgeois Law and Society in the Imperial Era', P&P, 119 (1988), 105-31.
M. John, Politics and the Law in Late Nineteenth-Century Germany: The Origins of the Civil Code (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989).
J. von Kruedener, 'The Franckenstein Paradox in the Intergovernmental
Fiscal Relations of Imperial Germany,' in P.-C. Witt, ed., Wealth and
Taxation in Central Europe. The History and Sociology of Public Finance
(1987) D 3818
Elections and the electoral system
S. Suval, Electoral Politics in Wilhelmine Germany (1985)
B. Fairbairn, Democracy in the undemocratic state : the German Reichstag elections of 1898 and 1903 (1997)
G.A. Ritter, 'The Social Bases of German Political Parties, 1867-1920', and M. Niehuss, 'Party Configurations in State and Municipal Elections in Southern Germany', both in K. Rohe (ed.), Elections, Parties and Political Traditions, pp. 27-52, 83-106.
J. Retallack, '"What Is to be Done?" The Red Specter, Franchise Questions and the Crisis of Conservative Hegemony in Saxony, 1896-1909', Central European History, 23 (1990), 271-312.
L. E. Jones and J. Retallack (eds.), Elections, Mass Politics, and Social Change in Modern Germany. New Perspectives (1992) chs. 1-4.
B. Fairbairn, 'Authority vs. Democracy: Prussian Officials in the German elections of 1898 and 1903', HJ 33 (1990), 811-38.
M.L. Anderson, 'Voter, Junker, Landrat, Priest: The Old Authorities
and the New Franchise in Imperial Germany', American Historical Review,
98 (1993), 1448-74.
Wk 6 National and Cultural Integration: Britain and Germany (c. 1850-1914)
How successfully did the political systems of Britain and Germany integrate different cultural and regional groups ?
Key Reading:
Britain:
John Kendle, Federal Britain: A History (1997), Chs. 3-5
Germany:
Berghahn, ch. 8.
R. Ross The Failure of Bismarck's Kulturkampf. Catholicism and State Power in Imperial Germany, 1871-1887 (1997)
M.L. Anderson, 'The Kulturkampf and the Course of German History',
Central
European History, 19 (1986), 82-115.
Supplementary Reading:
Britain
The Budget and the Constitutional Crisis
R. Jenkins, Asquith (1964), Chs. 14-15
B. Murray, 'The Politics of the 'People's Budget', HJ 16 (1973)
B. Murray, The People's Budget 1909-10 (1980)
N. Blewett, The Peers, the Parties and the People; the British General Elections of 1910 (1972)
C.C. Weston, 'The Liberal Leadership and the Lords' Veto, 1907-1910', HJ, 11 (1968)
G.D. Phillips, 'The 'Diehards' and the Myth of the 'Backwoodsmen'', Journal of British Studies, 1977
G.D. Phillips, The Diehards: Aristocratic Society and Politics in Edwardian England (1979)
J.D. Fair, British Interparty Conferences: A Study of the Procedure of Conciliation in British Politics 1867-1921 (1980), Ch. 4
G.R. Searle, The Quest for National Efficiency, 1899-1914 (1971), Ch. 6
J. Grigg, Lloyd George The People's Champion: 1902-1911 (1978)
The Irish Crisis on the Eve of the Great War
P. Jalland, The Liberals and Ireland (1980)
P. Jalland, 'United Kingdom devolution 1910-1914: political panacea or tactical diversion?', EHR 94 (1979)
J.D. Fair, British Interparty Conferences, Ch. 5
P. Buckland, 'The Southern Unionists, the Irish Question and British Politics, 1906-14', Irish Historical Studies (1967)
P. Buckland, Ulster Unionism (1973)
A. Jackson, The Ulster Party (esp. Ch. 7)
R. Jenkins, Asquith, Chs. 18-19
R. Blake, The Unknown Prime Minister: Life and Times of Andrew Bonar Law (1955), Chs. 7, 9-13
F.S.L. Lyons, John Dillon (1968), Chs. 10-12
D.G Boyce, 'British Conservative Opinion, the Ulster Question and the Partition of Ireland, 1912-21', Irish Historical Studies (1970)
G.D. Phillips, The Diehards, esp. Chs. 6-7
P. Murphy, 'Faction and the Home Rule Crisis, 1912-14', History, 71 (1986)
D.G. Boyce, The Irish Question and British Politics 1868-1986 (1988), Ch. 2
John, Kendle Ireland and the Federal Solution, 1870-1921 (1989)
The Radical Right in Edwardian Britain
F. Coetzee & M. Coetzee, 'Rethinking the Radical Right in Germany and Britain before 1914', JCH, 21 (1986)
F. Coetzee For Party of Country: Nationalism and the Dilemma of Popular Conservatism in Edwardian England (1990)
P. Kennedy & A. Nicholls (eds), Nationalist and Racialist Movements in Britain and Germany Before 1914 (1981)
G.R. Searle, 'Critics of Edwardian Society: The Case of the Radical Right', in Alan O'Day, The Edwardian Age: Conflict and Stability 1900-1914 (1979)
R.J.Q Adams & P. Poirier, The Conscription Controversy in Great Britain 1900-1918 (1987)
Alan Sykes, 'The Radical Right and the Crisis of Conservatism Before the First World War', HJ, 26 (1983)
Phillips, Gregory D., 'Lord Willoughby de Broke and the Politics of Radical Toryism, 1909-1914', Journal of British Studies, 20 (1980)
G.R. Searle, Corruption in British Politics, 1895-1930 (1987)
A.J.A. Morris, The Scaremongers: The Advocacy of War and Rearmament
1896-1914 (1984)
Germany
'Outsider groups': Catholics, Poles and other minorities
M.L. Anderson, Windthorst. A Political Biography, Parts 2 and 3
R.J. Ross, 'Enforcing the Kulturkampf in the Bismarckian State and the Limits of Coercion in Imperial Germany', JMH (1984), 456-82
E.L. Evans, The German Center Party 1870-1933. A Study in Political Catholicism. (1981)
D. Blackbourn, 'Progress and Piety: Liberals, Catholics and the State in Bismarck's Germany', in Blackbourn, Populists and Patricians, pp. 143-67
J. Sperber, 'The Shaping of Political Catholicism in the Ruhr Basin, 1848-1881', Central European History, 16 (1983), 347-67
J. Sperber, Popular Catholicism in Nineteenth-Century Germany, chs. 4-6
H. Walser Smith, German Nationalism and Religious Conflict: Culture, Ideology, Politics, 1870-1914 (1995)
M. Minkenberg, 'Civil religion and German unification' German Studies Review, 20 (1997)
M.B. Gross 'Kulturkampf and German Liberalism: German Liberalism and the War against the Jesuits', Central European History, 30 (1997), 545-66
R. Blanke, Prussian Poland in the German Empire (1981)
W. Hagen, Germans, Poles and Jews: The Nationality Conflict in the Prussian East 1772-1914 (1980)
D.P. Silverman, Reluctant Union: Alsace-Lorraine and Imperial Germany
(1972)
Wk 8: Bureaucracy: Britain, Germany and Russia (c.1850-1914)
How far did the social origins of bureaucrats determine the way in
which government policy developed in the three states?
Key Reading:
Britain:
R.A. Chapman & J.R. Greenaway, The Dynamics of Administrative
Reform (1980)
Germany:
J. Röhl, 'Higher Civil Servants in Germany 1890-1900', in JCH, 2 (1967), 101-21 and in Röhl, The Kaiser and his Court (1994)
J. Gillis, 'Aristocracy and Bureaucracy in 19th Century Prussia', Past and Present, 41 (1968), 105-29
J. Caplan, 'The 'imaginary university of particular interests': the 'tradition' of the civil service in German history', Social History, 4 (1979), 299-317.
Russia:
M. McCauley & P. Waldron, The Emergence of the Modern Russian State, 1856-1881 (1988), intro;
D. Saunders, Russia in the Age of Reaction and Reform (1992), ch. 9
H. Rogger, Russia in the Age of Modernization (1983), chs 3-5
E. D. J. Acton, Russia: The Tsarist and Soviet Legacy (1995), chs 4-6
H. Seton-Watson, The Russian Empire, 1801-1917 (1967), 348-61, 465-73, 636-42
G. Hosking, Russia: People and Empire, 1552-1917 (1997)
Supplementary Reading:
Britain
On the Administrative Reform Association and reactions to the Crimean War
O. Anderson, 'The Janus Face of Mid-Nineteenth Century English Radicalism: The Administrative Reform Association of 1855', Victorian Studies, 8 (1964-5)
O. Anderson, 'The Administrative Reform Association, 1855-1857', in Patricia Hollis (ed.), Pressure From Without (1974)
O. Anderson, A Liberal State at War (1967), Ch. 3
G.R. Searle, Entrepreneurial Politics in Mid-Victorian Britain
(1993), Ch. 3
On the Northcote-Trevelyan Report and the reforms it inspired
E. Hughes, 'Sir Charles Trevelyan and Civil Service Reform, 1853-55', EHR, Jan. and Apr. 1949
H.-E. Mueller, Bureaucracy, Education and Monopoly: Civil Service Reforms in Prussia and England (1984), Ch. 5
P. Gowan, 'The Whitehall Mandarins', New Left Review, no. 162 (1987)
R. K. Kelsall, Higher Civil Servants in Britain (1955)
J. Roach, Public Examinations in England, 1850-1900 (1971), esp. Chs. 1, 8, 9, 11
G.R. Searle, The Quest for National Efficiency, Ch. 1, pp. 88-91
The Indian Civil Service:
J.M. Compton, 'Open Competition and the Indian Civil Service, 1854-1876', EHR, 83 (1968)
C.J. Dewey, 'The Education of a Ruling Elite: the Indian Civil Service in the Era of Competitive Examination', EHR, 88 (1973)
The Diplomatic Service:
Zara Steiner, The Foreign Office and Foreign Policy, 1898-1914
(1969), pp. 173-86, Appendices
Germany
The Prusso-German Bureaucratic Elite
J. Gillis, The Prussian Bureaucracy in Crisis 1840-1860 (1971)
E. and P. Anderson, Political Institutions and Social Change in Continental Europe in the Nineteenth Century (1967) esp. 26-237.
P.-C. Witt, 'The Prussian Landrat as Tax Official 1891-1918', in G. Iggers (ed.), The Social History of Politics. Critical Perspectives in West German Historical Writing Since 1945 (1985), pp. 137-54.
E. Kehr, 'The Social System of Reaction in Prussia under the Puttkamer Ministry', in Kehr, Economic Interest, Militarism and Foreign Policy: Essays on German History (1977), pp. 109-31
M. Anderson and K. Barkin, 'The Myth of the Puttkamer Purge and the Reality of the Kulturkampf: some Reflections on the Historiography of Imperial Germany', Journal of Modern History, 54 (1982), 647-86
J. Sheehan, 'Conflict and Cohesion among German Elites in the Nineteenth Century', in J Sheehan, ed., Imperial Germany (1976), 62-92
L. Muncy, 'The Prussian Landräte in the Last Years of the Monarchy', Central European History, 6 (1973), 299-338.
L. Muncy, The Junker in the Prussian Administration under William II (1944)
R.M. Berdahl, 'Conservative Politics and Aristocratic Landowners in Bismarckian Germany', Journal of Modern History, 44, (1972), 1-20.
G. Bonham, 'State Autonomy of Class Domination: Approaches to Administrative Politics in Wilhelmine Germany',World Politics 35 (1983), 631-51
G. Bonham, 'Between Hegel and Marx: An Alternative Approach to the Political Role of the Wilhelmine State,' German Studies Review, 7 (1984), 199-225.
A. Kunz, 'The State as Employer in Germany 1880-1918: From Paternalism
to Public Policy,' in W. R. Lee and E. Rosenhaft (eds.), The State and
Social Change in Germany 1880-1980. (1990).
Local government
G. Steinmetz, Regulating the Social. The Welfare State and Local Politics in Imperial Germany (1993)
J.J. Sheehan, 'Liberalism and the City in Nineteenth-Century Germany', Past and Present, no. 51 (1971), 116-37.
J. Leaman, 'The Gemeinden as Agents of Fiscal and Social Policy in the Twentieth Century: Local Government and State-Form Crisis in Germany,' in W. R. Lee and E. Rosenhaft (eds.), The State and Social Change in Germany 1880-1980
B. Ladd, Urban Planning and Civic Order in Germany, 1860-1914
(1990), ch.1
Russia
On the State Council, Council of Ministers, Ministries, central bureaucracy
D. C. B. Lieven, Russia's Rulers Under the Old Regime (1989)
W. M. Pintner & D. K. Rowney (eds), Russian Officialdom: the Bureaucratization of Russian Society from the Seventeenth to the Twentieth Century (1980), chs 3 & 4
D. C. B. Lieven, Russia and the Origins of the First World War (1983)
H. W. Whelan, Alexander III and the State Council: bureaucracy and counter-reform in late imperial Russia (1982)
D. T. Orlovsky, The Limits of Reform: The Ministry of Internal Affairs
in Imperial Russia, 1801-1881 (1981)
On Local Government
i) governor and local officials
Pintner & Rowney, Russian Officialdom
R. G. Robbins, The Tsar's Viceroys: Russian Provincial Governors in the Last years of the Empire (1988)
H. Rogger, Russia in the Age of Modernization, ch 4;
T. S. Pearson, Russian Officialdom in Crisis: Autocracy and Local Self-Government, 1861-1890 (1989)
W. E. Mosse, 'Bureaucracy and Nobility in Russia at the End of the 19th Century', HJ (1981), 605-28
ii) zemstvos
F. Starr, Decentralisation and self-government in Russia 1830-1870 (1972)
T. Emmons & W. S. Vucinich (eds), The Zemstvo in Russia: an experiment in local self-government (1982)
L. H. Haimson (ed), The Politics of Rural Russia, 1905-1914 (1979)
H. Rogger, Russia in the Age of Modernization, ch 4
T. S. Pearson, Russian Officialdom in Crisis
iii) land captain
H. W. Whelan, Alexander III and the State Council
F. W. Wcislo, 'Soslovie or Class ? Bureaucratic Reformers and Provincial Gentry in Conflict', Russian Review, 47 (1988), 1-24
F. W. Wcislo, Reforming Rural Russia. State, Local Society and National Politics, 1855-1914 (1990)
T. S. Pearson Russian Officialdom in Crisis
On Judiciary and Legal System
R. Wortman The Development of a Russian Legal Consciousness (1976)
W. G. Wagner Marriage, Property and Law in Late Imperial Russia (1994)
W. G. Wagner, 'Tsarist Legal Policies at the End of the Nineteenth Century: A Study in Inconsistencies', Slavonic and East European Review 54 (1976), 371-94
On Police
N. B. Weissman, 'Regular Police in Tsarist Russia, 1900-1914', Russian Review 44, (1985), 45-68
N. B. Weissman, Reform in Tsarist Russia: State Bureaucracy and Local Government, 1900-1914, esp. 205-20
H. Rogger, Russia in the Age of Modernization, ch 4
On Army Officers
W. C. Fuller, Civil-Military Conflict in Imperial Russia, 1881-1914 (1986)
N. Stone, The Eastern Front, 1914-1917 (1975)
D. Geyer, Russian Imperialism: The Interactions of Domestic and Foreign
Policy, 1860-1914 (1987)
Wk 9 The State and Economic Development: Germany, Russia and Britain
Explain and account for the difference in the role played by the state in the economic development of the three countries, 1870-1914.
Key Reading:
R. Sylla and G. Toniolo, eds., Patterns of European Industrialization: the Nineteenth Century (1991)
Intro by Editors; ch 9 on Germany; ch 12 on Russia; ch 7 on Britain. See also article by Gregory on the Russian case and its general implications.
C. Trebilcock, The Industrialisation of the Continental Powers
(1981)
Supplementary Reading
Britain
P. Cain, 'Political Economy in Edwardian England: The Tariff-Reform Controversy', in O'Day, A. (ed.), The Edwardian Age: Conflict and Stability, 1900-1914 (1979)
B. Semmel, Imperialism and Social Reform (1960)
R.A Rempel, Unionists Divided: Arthur Balfour, Joseph Chamberlain and the Unionist Free Traders (1972)
A. Sykes, Tariff Reform in British Politics 1903-1913 (1979), esp. Chs. 1-4
A.J. Marrison, 'Businessmen, Industries and Tariff Reform in Great Britain, 1903-1930', Business History, 25 (1983)
Richard Jay, Joseph Chamberlain: A Political Study (1981)
E.H.H Green, Radical Conservatism: The electoral genesis of Tariff Reform', HJ 28 (1985)
E.H.H Green, The Crisis of Conservativism: The politics, economics and ideology of the British Conservative party, 1880-1914 (1995)
G.R. Searle Country Before Party: Coalition and the Idea of 'National Government' in Modern Britain 1885-1987 (1995), esp. Chs. 3-4
A. Howe, Free Trade and Liberal England, 1846-1946 (1997)
Germany
Berghahn, ch. 1-3.
G. Eley, 'Capitalism and the Wilhelmine State: Industrial Growth and Political Backwardness', Historical Journal, 21 (1978), 737-50 (also in From Unification to Nazism: Reinterpreting the German Past (1986), pp. 42-58
W Lee 'Economic development and the state in nineteenth-century Germany', Economic History Review, 41 (1988)
F.B. Tipton, Regional Variations in the Economic Development of Germany during the Nineteenth Century (1976)
G. Eley, 'Sammlungspolitik, Social Imperialism and the Navy Law of 1898', in Eley, From Unification to Nazism. Reinterpreting the German Past, pp. 110-53
H Rosenberg 'Economic and Social Consequences of the Great Depression of 1873-1896', in J Sheehan, ed., Imperial Germany (1976), 39-60
K Born 'Social and Economic Change in Germany 1870-1914', ibid., 16-38
G. Eley, From Unification to Nazism: Reinterpreting the German Past (1986), ch. 2
G Stolper The German Economy 1870 to the Present (1967)
A. Milward & S. Saul, The Development of the Economies of Continental Europe 1850-1914 (1977)
K Barkin 'Germany's Path to Industrial Maturity' in D K Buse, ed., Aspectsof Imperial Germany (1973)
F. B. Tipton, 'Technology and Industrial Growth', in Chickering (1996)
J. Quataert, 'Demographic and Social Change', in Chickering (1996)
I. Lambi Free Trade and Protection in Germany 1868-1879 (1963)
K Barkin '1878-1879. The Second Founding of the German Reich. A Perspective',
German
Studies Review, 10 (1987)
Russia
T. S. Fallows, 'The Russian Fronde and the Zemstvo Movements: Economic Agitation and Gentry politics in the Mid-1890s', Russian Review 44 (1985), 119-38
A. Gerschenkron, 'Problems and patterns of Russian economic development', in C. E. Black (ed), The Transformation of Russian Society, 1960, 42-72
A. Kahan, 'Government policies and the industrialization of Russia', Journal of Economic History 27 (1967), pp. 460-77
T. H. von Laue, Sergei Witte and the Industrialization of Russia (1963)
O. Crisp, Studies in the Russian Economy (1976)
T. Emmons & W. S. Vucinich (eds), The Zemstvo in Russia: an experiment in local self-government (1982)
M. E. Falkus, The Industrialization of Russia (1972)
P. Gatrell, The Tsarist Economy, 1850-1917 (1986)
P. Gatrell, Government, industry and rearmament in Russia, 1900-1914. The last argument of Tsarism (1994)
A. Gerschenkron, 'Agrarian Policies and Industrialization in Russia, 1861-1917', in M. M. Postan & H. J. Habakkuk (eds), Cambridge Economic History of Europe, 1965, VI, pt 2, 706-800
A. Gershchenkron, Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective (1962)
R. H. Gorlin, 'Problems of tax reform in imperial Russia', JMH 49 (1977), pp. 246-65
G. Hamburg, The Politics of the Russian Nobility, 1881-1905 (1984)
G. A. Hosking & R. T. Manning, 'What Was the United Nobility ?', in Haimson (ed), Rural Russia, 142-83
T. McDaniel, Autocracy, Capitalism and Revolution in Russia (1988)
R. T. Manning, The Crisis of the Old Order in Russia: Gentry and Government (1982)
R. T. Manning, 'The zemstvo and politics', in Emmons & Vucinich
T. C. Owen, The Corporation under Russian Law, 1800-1917: A Study in Tsarist Economic Policy (1991)
A. J. Rieber, Merchants and Entrepreneurs in Imperial Russia (1982), chs 9 & 10
J. Y. Simms, 'The crisis in Russian agriculture at the end of the nineteenth century: a different view', Slavic Review 36 (1977), pp. 377-98
S. G. Wheatcroft, 'Crises and the condition of the peasantry in late
imperial Russia', in E. Kingston-Mann and T. Mixter (eds), Peasant Economy,
Culture and Politics of European Russia, 1800-1921 (1991), pp. 128-72
Wk 10 The State and the Labour Movement:
Imperial Germany and Imperial Russia (1870-1917/18)
Key Reading:
Germany:
D Geary 'The German Labour Movement 1848-1919', European Studies Review, 6 (1976), 297-330
D Geary, ed. Labour and Socialist Movements in Europe Before 1914 (1989), ch. by Geary on Germany
W. Guttsman The German Social Democratic Party 1875-1933 (1981)
V.L. Lidtke, 'The Socialist Labor Movement', in Chickering (1996)
Russia:
E.D.J. Acton Rethinking the Russian Revolution, ch 3
V. Bonnell, The Roots of Rebellion: Workers' Politics and Organization in St Petersburg and Moscow, 1900-1914 (1983), pp. 390-452
L. Haimson and C. Tilly, eds., Strikes, wars and revolutions in an international perspective: strike waves in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (1989)
R. McKean, St Petersburg Between the Revolutions: Workers and Revolutionaries,
June 1907-February 1917 (1990), chs. 5-7
Supplementary Reading:
Germany
Employers and labour relations
J. Kocka Industrial Culture and Bourgeois Society. Business, Labour and Bureaucracy in Modern Germany (1999)
E. Spencer, 'Rulers of the Ruhr: Leadership and Authority in German Big Business before 1914', Business History Rev, 53 (1979), 41-64
E. Spencer, Management and Labour in Imperial Germany (1984)
D. Crew, Town in the Ruhr (1979), ch.4
J. Kocka, 'Employers and Managers in German Industrialisation', in Cambridge Economic History of Europe, Vol. 7/1, 516ff
R. Tilly, 'The Growth of Large-Scale Enterprise in Germany' in H Daems and H van der Wee, (eds.), The Rise of Managerial Capitalism (1974)
J. Kocka, 'The Modern Industrial Enterprise in Germany', in A Chandler and H Daems, (eds.), Managerial Hierarchies (1980)
J. A. Moses, German Trades Unionism from Bismarck to Hitler, 1968-1933, 2 vols. (1982)
C. Eisenberg, 'The Comparative View in Labour History. Old and New Interpretations of the English and German Labour Movements before 1914', International Review of Social History, 3 (1989), 403-432
J. Breuilly, 'Labour Aristocracy in Britain and Germany 1850-1914: A Review Article', in K Tenfelde, ed., Arbeiter und Arbeiterbewegung im Vergleich (1986) 179-226
G. Marks, Unions in Politics. Britain, Germany and the United States
in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (1989)
The SPD
S. Berger, Social Democracy and the Working Class in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Germany (1999)
R. J. Evans, (ed.), The German Working Class 1888-1933 (1982)
D. Geary, Revolution and the German Working Class (1992)
V. Lidtke, The Outlawed Party: Social Democracy in Germany (1966)
J. Breuilly, 'Liberalism or Social Democracy: A Comparison of British and German Labour Politics, c1850-1875', European History Quarterly, 15, (1984),3-42
S. Miller and H. Potthoff, A History of German Social Democracy from 1848 to the Present (1986)
R Fletcher, (ed.), Bernstein to Brandt. A Short History of German Social Democracy (1987)
G. Steenson, Not One Man! Not One Penny! German Social Democracy 1863-1914 (1981)
M .Nolan, Social Democracy and Society: Working-Class Radicalism in Düsseldorf 1890-1920 (1981)
G. Roth, The Social Democrats in Imperial Germany (1963)
Russia
J. H. Bater, St Petersburg: Industrialization and Change (1976)
M. H. Hamm (ed.), The City in Late Imperial Russia (1986)
J. H. Bater, 'Between Old and New: St Petersburg in the Late Imperial Era', in Hamm (ed.) The City, 43-78
V. E. Bonnell, 'Radical Politics and Organized Labour in Pre-Revolutionary Moscow, 1905-1914', Journal of Social History, 12 (1978)
O. Figes, A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891-1924 (1996)
R. E. Zelnik, (ed.), Workers and Intelligentsia in late Imperial Russia: realities, Representations, Reflections (1999)
H. Hogan, Forging Revolution. Metalworkers, managers and the state in St Petersburg, 1890-1914 (1994)
L. Haimson, 'The Problem of Social Stability in Urban Russia, 1905-1917', Slavic Review, 23 (1964), 619-42, and 24 (1965), 1-22
R. McKean, 'Government, Employers and the Labour Movement in St Petersburg on the Eve of the First World War', Sbornik 12 (1986), 65-94
T. McDaniel, Autocracy, Capitalism and Revolution in Russia (1988)
G. Rimlinger, 'Autocracy and the Factory Order', Journal of Economic History, 1960
J. Schneiderman, Sergei Zubatov and Revolutionary Marxism. The Struggle for the Working Class in Tsarist Russia (1970)
G. D. Surh, 1905 in St Petersburg: Labor, Society and Revolution (1989)
K. Tidmarsh, 'The Zubatov Idea', American Slavic and East European
Review (Slavic Review) 19 (1960), 335-46
Wk 11: Social Policy: Britain and Germany (1880s-1914)
How far did British welfare policy model itself on Germany?
Key Reading
Britain:
J.R. Hay, The Origins of the Liberal Welfare Reforms, 1906-1914
(1975)
Germany:
G.A. Ritter, Social Welfare in Germany and Britain: origins and development (1986)
A. Lees, 'State and Society', in R. Chickering, Imperial Germany
(1996)
Supplementary Reading:
Britain
Bentley B. Gilbert, The Evolution of National Insurance in Great
Britain: The Origins of the Welfare State (1966) (the standard account
of the origins of the Liberal reforms)
On the relationship between 'social welfare' and 'social control'
Pat Thane, 'The Working Class and State 'Welfare'in Britain, 1880-1914', HJ, 27 (1984)
Roy Hay, 'Employers and Social Policy in Britain: the Evolution of Welfare Legislation, 1905-1914', Social History, Jan. 1977
Roy Hay, 'Employers' Attitudes to Social Policy and the Concept of Social Control, 1900-1920', in Thane, P. (ed.), Origins of British Social Policy (1978)
John Brown, ''Social Control' and the Modernisation of Social Policy, 1890-1929', in ibid
Jose Harris, 'Political Thought and the Welfare State 1870-1940: An
Intellectual Framework for British Social Policy', P&P, 135
(1992)
On social policy and 'National Efficiency'
G.R. Searle, National Efficiency, Ch. 7, pp. 235-57
and biographical studies of Winston Churchill (preferably Paul Addison, though there is also much material in the Randolph Churchill volume)
On the 'debt' to German social policy
E. Hennock, British Social Reform and German Precedents: The Case of Social Insurance 1880-1914 (1987)
Roy Hay, 'The British Business Community, Social Insurance and the German Example', in Mommsen, W.J. (ed.), The Emergence of the Welfare State in Britain and Germany (1981)
Jose Harris, William Beveridge: A Biography (1977)
C. Eisenberg, 'A Comparative View in Labor History: Old and New Interpretations of the English and German Labour Movements before 1914', International Review of Labour History, 34 (1989)
Other studies
P. Clarke, Liberals and Social Democrats (1978)
H.V. Emy, Liberals, Radicals and Social Politics, 1892-1914 (1977)
H.V. Emy, 'The Impact of Financial Policy on English Party Politics before 1914', HJ, 25 (1972)
R. Davidson & R. Lowe, 'Bureaucracy and Innovation in British Welfare Policy 1870-1945', in Mommsen (ed.), op.cit.
Geoffrey Finlayson, Citizen, State, and Social Welfare in Britain,
1830-1990 (1994)
Germany
Steinmetz, Ladd (see above)
W. J. Mommsen, (ed.), The Emergence of the Welfare State in Britain and Germany (1981)
J. Palmowski Urban Liberalism in Imperial Germany: Frankfurt am Main 1866-1914 (1999)
J. Sheehan, 'Liberalism and the City in Nineteenth-Century Germany', Past and Present, 51 (1971), 116-37.
D. Langewiesche, 'German Liberalism in the Second Empire,' in K. H.
Jarausch and L. E. Jones, eds., In Search of a Liberal Germany. Studies
in the History of German Liberalism from 1789 to the Present.(1990)
Wk 12 Conducting the War: Britain, Germany, Russia (1914-1918)
Compare the efforts of the three states to mobilise human and material
resources for war
Key Reading:
A. R. Millett and W. Murray, eds, Military Effectiveness, vol. 1, The First World War (1988) - Kennedy on Britain, Herwig on Germany, Jones on Russia, overview by editors, conclusion and overview by Kennedy
G. Hardach, The First World War 1914-1917 (1973)
R. Chickering & S. Förster (eds), Great War, Total War.
Combat and Mobilisation on the Western Front, 1914-1918 (2000)
Supplementary Reading:
General
N. Ferguson, The Pity of War (1998)
S. Tucker, The First World War (1998)
F. & M. Coetzee (eds), Authority, identity and the social history of the Great War (1995
A. Offer, The First World War: an agrarian interpretation (1989)
A. Marwick et. al., World War I (1973)
M. Ferro, The Great War (1973)
Britain
On civil-military relations before 1914
W.S. Hamer, The British Army: Civil-Military Relations 1885-1905 (1970)
Gwyn Harries-Jenkins The Army in Victorian Society (1977)
and during the War
P. Guinn, British Strategy and Politics 1914 to 1918 (1965)
George H. Cassar, Asquith as War Leader (1994)
John Turner British Politics and the Great War: Coalition and Conflict 1915-1918 (1992)
David French, British Strategy and War Aims 1914-16 (1986)
David French, The Strategy of the Lloyd George Coalition, 1916-18 (Oxford, 1995)
Conscription
R.J.Q. Adams, 'Asquith's Choice: the May Coalition and the Coming of Conscription, 1915-1916', Journal of British Studies, 25 (1986)
P.E. Dewey, 'Military Recruiting and the British Labour Force during the First World War', HJ, 27 (1984)
R.J.Q. Adams & P. Poirier, The Conscription Controversy in Great Britain 1900-1918 (1987)
See also the biographies of Asquith (Jenkins, Cassar), Lloyd George,
Bonar Law (Blake), etc
Mobilisation of the economy
K. Middlemas, Politics in Industrial Society: The Experience of the British System Since 1911 (1979) (an influential book, with a thesis about 'corporate bias' - the evolving practice of co-operation between the state and the 'governing institutions' of Labour and Capital)
David French British Economic and Strategic Planning 1905-1915 (1982)
John Turner, 'The Politics of 'Organised Business' in the First World War', in Turner, John (ed.), Businessmen and Politics (1984)
Kathleen Burk, (ed.), War and the State: The Transformation of British Government, 1914-1919 (1982)
R.P.T Davenport-Hines, Dudley Docker: The Life and Times of A Trade Warrior (1984), Ch. 5
A.M. Gollin, Proconsul in Politics: A Study of Lord Milner in Opposition and in Power (1964)
G.R. Searle, Country Before Party, esp. Chs. 5-6
R.J.Q. Adams, Arms and the Wizard: Lloyd George and the Ministry of Munitions 1915-1916 (1978)
'Reconstruction'
Kenneth O. Morgan, Consensus and Disunity: The Lloyd George Coalition Government, 1918-22 (1979)
Kenneth O. and Jane Morgan Portrait of a Progressive: The Political Career of Christopher, Viscount Addison (1980)
Bentley B. Gilbert, British Social Policy 1914-1939 (1962)
Philip Abrams, 'The Failure of Social Reform, 1918-1920', P&P, no 24 (1963)
L.A. Orbach, Homes For Heroes: A Study of the Evolution of British Public Housing, 1915-1921 (1977)
M.J. Daunton, 'How To Pay for the War: State, Society and Taxation in
Britain, 1917-26' EHR, 111 (1996), 882-919
Labour and the State during and after the Great War
C.J. Wrigley, David Lloyd George and the British Labour Movement (1976)
J.M. Winter, 'Arthur Henderson, the Russian Revolution and the Reconstruction of the Labour Party', HJ (1972)
J.M. Winter, Socialism and the Challenge of War (1974)
Ross McKibbin, The Evolution of the Labour Party 1910-1924 (1974), Chs. 5-6
D. Marquand, Ramsay MacDonald (1977)
J. Hinton, 'The Clyde Workers' Committee and the Dilution Struggle', in Briggs, A. & Saville, J. (eds.), Essays in Labour History 1886-1923 (1971)
Royden Harrison, 'The War Emergency Workers' National Committee, 1914-1920' in ibid.
H.A. Clegg, A History of British Trade Unions Since 1889, Vol. 2: 1911-1933 (1985), Chs. 4-6
Walter Kendall, The Revolutionary Movement in Britain 1900-21 (1969)
C.J. Wrigley, Lloyd George and the Challenge of Labour: The Post War Coalition 1918-1922 (1990)
L.J. Macfarlane, 'Hands Off Russia', P&P (1967)
Stephen White, 'British Labour in Soviet Russia, 1920', EHR, 109 (1994)
P.S. Bagwell, 'The Triple Industrial Alliance, 1913-1922', in Briggs and Saville (eds.), Essays in Labour History
James E. Cronin, 'Coping with Labour, 1918-1926', in Cronin, James E. and Schneer, Jonathan, Social Conflict and the Political Order in Modern Britain (1982)
Ralph H. Desmarais, 'The British Government's Strikebreaking Organization
and Black Friday', JCH, 6 (1971)
Germany
Civil/military relations
G. Ritter, The Sword and the Sceptre: The Problem of Militarism in Germany, vol. 2 (1972), Part II, esp. ch. 7
M. Kitchen, The German Officer Corps, 1890-1914 (1968)
K. Demeter The German Officer Corps in Society and State 1650-1945
G. Craig, The Politics of the Prussian Army 1640-1945 (1955), esp. Part VI
U. von Trumpener 'Junkers and others: the rise of commoners in the Prussian army 1871-1914', Canadian Journal of History, 14 (1979), 29-47.
E. Kehr, 'The Genesis of the Prussian Reserve Officer' in Kehr, Economic interest, militarism, and foreign policy: essays on German history (1977), pp. 97-108
G. Eley, 'Army, State and Civil Society: Revisiting the Problem of German Militarism', in Eley, From Unification to Nazism: Reinterpreting the German Past (1986), pp. 85-110.
I. V. Hull, The Entourage of Kaiser Wilhelm II 1888-1918 (1982), ch. 7-9.
D. Schoenbaum, Zabern 1913. Consensus Politics in Imperial Germany (1902)
War Effort
R. Chickering Imperial Germany and the Great War 1914-1918 (1998)
J. Kocka, Facing Total War. German society 1914-1918 (1984)
G.D Feldman, Army, Industry and Labor in Germany, 1914-1918 (1966)
R. Verhey, The Spirit of 1914. Militarism, Myth and Mobilisation in Germany (2000)
R. Bessel, Germany after the First World War (1993), chs. 1-3.
E. Kolb, The Weimar Republic (1988), ch. 1
D.J.K. Peukert, The Weimar Republic. The Crisis of Classical Modernity (1991), ch. 2.
A. Rosenberg, Imperial Germany and the Birth of the German Republic (1964)
N. Ferguson, Paper and Iron. Hamburg Business and German Politics
in the era of inflation, 1897-1927 (1994), chs. 2-3.
Russia
O. Figes, A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891-1924 (1996)
R. Pipes, The Russian Revolution (1990)
H. Rogger, Russia in the Age of Modernisation and Revolution, ch 12
R. Wade, The Russian Revolution, 1917 (2000)
O. Figes & B. Kolonitskii, Interpreting the Russian Revolution.
The Language and Symbols of 1917 (1999)
On bureaucratic coherence and control
L.H. Siegelbaum, The Politics of Industrial Mobilization in Russia, 1914-1917. A Study of the War-Industry Committees (1983)
W. Gleason, 'The All-Russian Union of Towns and the Politics of Urban Reform in Tsarist Russia', Russian Review 35 (1976), 290-303
W. Gleason, 'The All-Russian Union of Zemstvos and World War I', in T Emmons and W S Vucinich, eds, The Zemstvo in Russia. An Experiment in Local Self-government
P. Gatrell and M. Harrison, 'The Russian and Soviet Economies in Two World Wars: A Comparative View', Economic History Review, XLVI, no. 3
P. Gatrell, 'The First World War and War Communism', in R. W. Davies
et al eds, The Economic Transformation of the Soviet Union, 1913-1945
(1994), 216-37
On unity and resilience of the army
Stone N The Eastern Front, 1914-1917 (1975)
Wildman A The End of the Russian Imperial Army: The Old Army and the Soldiers' Revolt (1980)
Jones D R 'Nicholas II and the Supreme Command: an investigation of
motives', Sbornik/Revolutionary Russia 11 (1985), 47-83
On extent to which the burden of war exacerbated class conflict
T. Hasegawa, The February Revolution: Petrograd 1917 (1981)
D. Kaiser (ed.), The Workers' Revolution in Russia 1917: the view from below (1987)
S. Smith, Red Petrograd (1983)
H. F. Jahn, 'Patriots or Proletarians? Russian Workers and the First World War', in Zelnik, (ed.), Workers and Intelligentsia, op. cit.
L. Lih, Bread and Authority in Russia, 1914-1921 (1990)
M. Perrie, 'The Problem of Grain Procurement during World War I', Slavonic & European Review 6 (1983)
D. Moon, 'Peasants into Russian Citizens? A Comparative Perspective',
Revolutionary
Russia, 9 (1996), 43-81
On the impact of the Duma
G. Katkov, The February Revolution (1969)
R. Pearson, The Russian Moderates and the Crisis of Tsarism, 1914-1917 (1977)
W.G. Rosenberg, Liberals in the Russian Revolution (1974)
Other
W.C. Fuller, Civil-Military Conflict in Imperial Russia, 1881-1914 (1992)
E. Mawdsley, The Russian Revolution and the Baltic Fleet: War and Politics, February 1917-April 1918 (1978)
A.J. Rieber, Merchants and Entrepreneurs in Imperial Russia (1982)
R. Roosa, 'Russian industrialists during World War I: the Interaction of Politics and Economics', in G Guroff & F Carstensen, eds., Entrepreneurship in Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union (1983)
S. Smith, 'Citizenship and the Russian nation during World War I: A
Comment', Slavic Review 59, (2000), 316-29
SPRING SEMESTER
Wk 1 Revolution: Russia and Germany
Why was the outcome of the Russian revolution so much more radical than that in Germany ?
Key Reading:
Germany:
W.J. Mommsen, 'The German Revolution 1918-1920: political revolution and social protest', in Mommsen, Imperial Germany 1867-1918 (1995), pp. 233-55.
Russia:
Acton, Russia, chs 7 & 8
W. Rosenberg, 'Interpreting Revolutionary Russia', in Acton et al eds, Critical Companioon to the Russian Revolution
R.G. Suny, 'Toward a Social History of the October Revolution', American
Hist. Review 88 (1983), also in Kaiser D, The Workers' Revolution
in Russia 1917. The View from Below.
Supplementary Reading:
Germany
F.L. Carsten,. Revolution in Central Europe 1918-1919 (1972)
D. Geary, 'Radicalism and the Worker: Metalworkers and Revolution 1914-1923', in R.J. Evans (ed.), Society and Politics in Wilhelmine Germany (1978), pp. 267-86)
G.D. Feldman, 'Economic and Social Problems of the German Demobilization, 1918/1919', Journal of Modern History, 47 (1975), 1-47.
Barrington Moore, Injustice: The Social Bases of Obedience and Revolt (1978), ch. 7-9, 11.
D.W. Morgan, The Socialist Left and the German Revolution (1975)
J.A. Moses, Trade Unionism in Germany from Bismarck to Hitler, vol. 1 (1869-1918), chs. 9-11; vol. 2 (1919-1933), chs. 12-13 (1982).
J.P. Nettl, Rosa Luxemburg, vol 2 (1966)
A.J. Ryder, The German Revolution of 1918. A Study of German Socialism
in War and Revolt (1967)
Regional Studies
R.A. Comfort, Revolutionary Hamburg: Labor politics in the early Weimar republic (1966)
P. Fritzsche Rehearsals for Fascism: Populism and Political Mobilization in Weimar Germany (1990)
A. Mitchell, Revolution in Bavaria, 1918-1919. The Eisner regime and the soviet republic (1965)
M. Nolan, Social Democracy and Society: Working-class radicalism in Düsseldorf, 1890-1920 (1981), chs. 11-12
J. Tampke The Ruhr and Revolution. The Revolutionary Movement in the Rhenish-Westphalian Region, 1912-1919 (1979)
E. Tobin, 'War and the Working Class: the case of Düsseldorf', Central European History, 18 (1985), 257-98.
E. Weitz, 'Social Continuity and Political Radicalization: Essen in
the World War I Era', Social Science History, 9 (1985), 49-69.
Russia
General
E.D.J. Acton, Rethinking the Russian Revolution (1990)
E. Acton, et al (eds), Critical Companion to the Russian Revolution (1997)
O. Figes, A People's Tragedy. The Russian Revolution 1891-1924 (1996)
T. McDaniel, Autocracy, Capitalism and Revolution in Russia (1998)
C. Read, From Tsar to Soviets. The Russian people and their revolution,
1917-1921 (1996)
Radicalization of labour movement
L. Haimson and C. Tilly, eds., Strikes wars and revolutions
D.H. Kaiser (ed.), The Workers' Revolution in Russia, 1917: The View From Below (1988)
D. Mandel, The Petrograd Workers and the Soviet Seizure of Power (1984)
R. Service, 'The Industrial Workers' in R Service (ed.), Society and Politics in the Russian Revolution, 147-166
D. Koenker D & W.G. Rosenberg, 'The Limits of Formal Protest: Worker
Activism and Social Polarization in Petrograd and Moscow, 1917', American
Hist. Rev. 92 (1987)
Polarisation between liberals and the Left
Z. Galili, The Menshevik Leaders in the Russian Revolution. Social Realities and Political Struggle (1989)
W.G. Rosenberg, Liberals in the Russian Revolution. The Constitutional Democratic Party, 1917-1921 (1974)
Shukman
Fragility of state apparatus
M. Ferro, October 1917. A Social History of the Russian Revolution (1980)
G. Gill, Peasants and Government in the Russian Revolution (1979)
L. Lih, Bread and Authority in Russia, 1914-1921 (1990)
D.T. Orlovsky, 'Reform during Revolution: Governing the Provinces in 1917', in R.O. Crummey (ed.), Reform in Russia and the USSR (1989), 100-25
W.G. Rosenberg, 'The zemstvo in 1917 and its fate under Bolshevik rule', in T Emmons & W S Vucinich, eds, The zemstvo in Russia. An Experiment in local self-government (1982)
J.H. White, 'Civil Rights and the Provisional Government', in O Crisp and L Edmondson, eds, Civil Rights in Imperial Russia (1989)
Raleigh, Revolution on the Volga; 1917 in Saratov (1986)
Pipes, op. cit.
Conflict within rural society and between town and country
O. Figes, Peasant Russia, Civil War: The Volga Countryside in Soviet Russia (1989)
O. Figes, 'The Russian Peasant Community in the Agrarian Revolution, 1917-1918', in R Bartlett, ed., Land Commune and Peasant Community in Russia (1990)
G. Gill, L. Lih op. cit.
M. Perrie, 'The Peasants' in R Service, ed., Society and Politics in the Russian Revolution, 12-34
J. Channon, 'The Peasantry in the Revolutions of 1917' in E. G. Frankel
et al. eds., Russia in Revolution: Reassessments of 1917 (1992),
105-30
February
T. Hasegawa, The February Revolution: Petrograd 1917 (1981)
T. Hasegawa, 'The Problem of Power in the February Revolution of 1917 in Russia', Canadian Slavonic Papers XIV (1972)
G. Katkov, Russia 1917. The February Revolution (1967)
The Provisional Government and the Moderate Socialists
L.E. Heenan, Russian Democracy's Fateful Blunder. The Summer Offensive of 1917 (1987)
G. Katkov, Russia 1917: The Kornilov Affair. Kerensky and the Break-up of the Russian Army (1980)
L. Kochan, Kadet policy in 1917 and the Constitutional Assembly', Slavonic and East European Review XLV (1967)
R. Wade, The Russian Search for Peace, February-October 1917 (1969)
A.K. Wildman, The End of the Russian Imperial Army: The Old Army and the Soldiers' Revolt (1980)
A.K. Wildman, 'Officers of the General Staff and the Kornilov Movement',
in E R Frankel, Revolution in Russia, 76-104
Urban Russia
D. Koenker, Moscow Workers and the 1917 Revolution (1981)
D. Koenker & W.G. Rosenberg, 'Skilled Workers and the Strike Movement in Revolutionary Russia', Journal of Social History, 19 (1985-86)
D. Koenker & W.G. Rosenberg, Strikes and Revolution in Russia, 1917 (1989)
R.B. McKean, St Petersburg Between the Revolutions. Workers and Revolutionaries, June 1907-February 1917 (1990)
D. Mandel, The Petrograd Workers and the Fall of the Old Regime (1983)
S.A. Smith, Red Petrograd. Revolution in the Factories 1917-1918 (1983)
H. White, 'The Urban Middle Classes' in R Service ed., Society and Politics in the Russian Revolution, 64-85
Rural Russia
J. Channon, 'The Landowners' in R Service, ed., Society and Politics in the Russian Revolution, 120-46
G. Gerasimenko 'Local Peasant Organizations in 1917 and the First Half of 1918', Soviet Studies in History (1977-78)
G. Gill, Peasants and Government
The Military
M. Ferro, 'The Russian Soldier in 1917: Patriotic, Undisciplined and Revolutionary', Slavic Review 30 (1971)
D.R. Jones, 'The Officers and the October Revolution', Soviet Studies (1976)
E. Mawdsley, 'The Soldiers and Sailors' in R Service ed., Society and Politics in the Russian Revolution', 147-166
H. White, '1917 in the Rear Garrisons' in L. Edmondson & P. Waldron, eds., Economy and Society in Russia and the Soviet Union, 1860-1930 (1992), 152-68
A.K. Wildman, 'The February Revolution in the Russian Army', Soviet
Studies (1970)
The Bolsheviks
J. Frankel, 'Lenin's doctrinal revolution of April 1917', JCH, 4 (1969)
N. Harding, 'Lenin, Socialism and the State in 1917' in E R Frankel et al eds. Revolution in Russia, 287-303
N. Harding, Lenin's Political Thought, 2 vols (1977, 1981)
Lenin State and Revolution (1918)
A. Rabinowitch, The Bolsheviks Come to Power. The Revolution of 1917 in Petrograd (1976)
R. Service, The Bolshevik Party in Revolution. A Study in Organizational Change (1979)
R. Service, Lenin: A Political Life Vol. 2: Worlds in Collision
(1991)
Why was German conservatism so much less successful than its British counterpart in the 1920s and early 1930s?
Key Reading:
Britain:
John Ramsden, A History of the Conservative Party, Vol. 3: The Age
of Balfour and Baldwin, 1902-1940 (1978), Part 3
Detlev Peukert, The Weimar Republic. The Crisis of Classical Modernity
(1991), chs 6,7,11
Supplementary Reading:
Britain
David Jarvis 'British Conservatism and Class Politics in the 1920s', EHR, 111 (1996), 59-84
S.R. Ball, 'Failure of an Opposition? The Conservative Party in Parliament 1929-1931', Parliamentary History, 5 (1984)
K. Middlemas, & J. Barnes, Baldwin (1969), Chs. 6-19
D. Dilks, Neville Chamberlain, Vol. 1 (1984)
Ross McKibbin, The Ideologics of Class: Social Relations in Britain
1880-1950 (1994), Ch. 9
Germany
Conservatism and Agrarianism
L. Jones & J. Retallack (eds.) Between reform, reaction, and resistance : studies in the history of German conservatism from 1789 to 1945 (1993)
J. Retallack, Notables of the Right. The Conservative Party and Political Mobilization in Germany 1876-1918 (1988)
P. Fritzsche, Rehearsals for fascism : populism and political mobilization in Weimar Germany (1990)
A Gerschenkron, Bread and Democracy in Germany (1966)
S. Baranowski, The sanctity of rural life : nobility, Protestantism and Nazism in Weimar Prussia (1995)
S. Baranowski, 'Continuity and contingency: agrarian elites, conservative institutions and East Elbia in modern German History'', Social History, 12 (1987), 285-308
S. Baranowski, 'East elbian landed elites and germany turn to fascism; the Sonderweg controversy revisited', European History Quarterly, 26 (1996), 209-240
D. Gessner, 'Agrarian protectionism in the Weimar Republic' JCH, (1977), 759-778
H-J. Puhle, 'Conservatism in Modern German History', JCH13 (1978), 698ff.
R. Bessel, 'State and Society in Germany in the Aftermath of the First World War', in Lee & Rosenhaft (eds), The State and Social Change in Germany (1990), ch. 7
R. Moeller, Peasants and Politics in Germany 1914-1924. The Rhineland (1986)
R. Moeller, 'Economic Dimensions of Peasant Protest in the Transition from Kaiserreich to Weimar', in Moeller, ed. Peasant and Lords in Modern Germany (1986), ch. 5
L. Jones, 'Crisis and Realignment: Agrarian Splinter Parties in the Late Weimar Republic', ibid., ch.7.
B. Lieberman, 'Turning against the Weimar Right: Landlords, the Economic Party and the DNVP', German History, 15 (1997), 56-79
L. Jones, 'Hindenburg and the conservative dilemma in the 1932 presidential elections', German Studies Review, 20 (1997), 235-259
J. Osmond, Rural Protest in the Weimar Republic (1993)
R. Woods, The conservative revolution in the Weimar Republic (1996)
J. Leopold, Alfred Hugenberg : the radical nationalist campaign against
the Weimar Republic (1977)
Institutional elites and the bourgeoisie
D. Orlow, Weimar Prussia, 1918-1925 : the unlikely rock of democracy (1986)
D. Orlow, Weimar Prussia, 1925-1933 : the illusion of strength (1991)
G. Best, 'Elite structure and regime (dis)continuity in Germany 1867-1933: the case of the parliamentary leadership groups' German History , 7 (1990)
J. Caplan, 'Civil Service Support for National Socialism: An evaluation', in G Hirschfeld & L Ketternacker, eds., Der Führerstaat (1981), 167ff
F. Carsten, The Reichswehr and Politics 1918-1933 (1966)
M. Geyer, 'Professionals and Junkers: German Rearmament and Politics in the Weimar Republic', in R Bessel and E Feuchtwanger, eds., Social Change... (1981), 77-133
G. Feldman, The great disorder : politics, economics, and society in the German inflation, 1914-1924 (1993)
S. Webb, Hyperinflation and stabilization in Weimar Germany (1989)
N. Ferguson, Paper and Iron. Hamburg Business and German Politics in the era of inflation, 1897-1927 (1994)
B Weisbrod, 'Economic Power and Political stability Reconsidered: Heavy Industry in Weimar Germany', Social History, 4 (1979), 241-264
G. Feldman 'The Social and Economic Policies of Big Business 1918-1929' American Historical Review,75 (1969), 47-55
H.A. Turner, German big business and the rise of Hitler (1985)
D. Abraham, 'Big Business, Nazis and German Politics at the End of Weimar', European History Quarterly, 17 (1987), 235-45.
P.D. Stachura (ed.), The Nazi Machtergreifung (esp. Geary on industrialists)
L E. Jones, German Liberalism and the Dissolution of the Weimar Party System 1918-1933
L.E. Jones, 'Inflation, Revaluation and the Crisis of Middle- Class Politics: a Study in the dissolution of the German Party System 1923-1928', Central European History, 1979.
L. E Jones, 'The Dissolution of the Bourgeois Party System in the Weimar Republic', in Bessel and Feuchtwanger, Social Change, op.cit.
K. Jarausch, 'The Crisis of the German Professions 1918-1933' JCH,
20 (1985), 379-98.
Wk 3 Crash and Depression in Weimar Germany and Inter-War Britain
Did the differing responses of the political systems of Britain and
Germany to economic crisis, 1928-34, owe more to differences in political
culture or to differences in the severity of the economic crises they experienced?
Key Reading:
T.L. Liu, The Chameleon State: Global Culture and Policy Shifts in Britain and Germany 1914-1933 (1999) (on order)
Britain:
G.R Searle, Country Before Party: Coalition and the Idea of 'National Government' in Modern Britain 1885-1987 (1995), Chs. 6-8
Germany:
I. Kershaw (ed.), Why Did German Democracy Fail (1990)
Peukert, op. cit., chs., 5,6,12, 13-14
Supplementary Reading:
Britain:
Ross McKibbin, 'The Economic Policy of the Second Labour Government, 1929-31', P&P, 68 (1975)
N. Riddell Labour in Crisis. The second Labour Government 1929-1931 (1999)
J.D. Fair, `The Conservative Basis for the Formation of the National Government of 1931', Journal of British Studies, 19 (1980)
S.R. Ball, 'The Conservative Party and the Formation of the National Government: August 1931', HJ (1986)
D. Marquand, Ramsay MacDonald (1977), Chs. 22-26
J. Ramsden, The Age of Balfour and Baldwin, 1902-1940, Part IV (1978)
Tom Stannage, Baldwin Thwarts the Opposition: The British General Election of 1935 (1980)
Philip Williamson, National Crisis and National Government: British Politics, the Economy and Empire, 1926-1932 (1992)
Philip Williamson, ''Safety First', Baldwin, the Conservative Party and the 1929 General Election', HJ., 25 (1982)
R. Skidelsky, Politicians and the Slump (1967)
B.B. Gilbert, British Social Policy, 1914-1939 (1970), pp. 162-75
Philip Williamson, `A Banker's Ramp? Financiers and the British Political Crisis of August 1931', EHR, 99 (1984)
R. Bassett, 1931: Political Crisis (1958)
K. Middlemas, & J. Barnes, Baldwin (1969), Chs. 19-23
D.J. Wrench, '"Cashing In": The Parties and the National Government, August 1931 - September 1932', Journal of British Studies (1984)
A. Thorpe, The British General Election of 1931 (1991)
B. Wasserstein, Herbert Samuel (1992), Chs. 12-13
R. Skidelsky, John Maynard Keynes: The Economist as Saviour 1920-1937 (1992)
R. Skidelsky, Oswald Mosley (1975)
C. Cross, The Fascists in Britain (1961)
G. Anderson, Fascists, Communists and the National Government (1983)
R. Thurlow, Fascism in Britain: A History, 1918-1985 (1987) (see Bibliography for further works)
C. Holmes, Anti-Semitism in British Society 1876-1939 ((1979)
K. Lunn, K. & R.C. Thurlow, (eds.), British Fascism (1980), esp. Ch. 5
J. Stevenson, & C. Cook, The Slump: Society and Politics During the Depression (1977), Chs. 11-12
Gerry Webber, 'Patterns of membership and support for the British Union of Fascists', JCH (1984)
Gerry Webber, The Ideology of the British Right 1918-1939 (1986)
D.S. Lewis, llusions of Grandeur. Mosley, Fascism and British Society
1931-81 (1987)
Germany
General
E. Kolb, The Weimar Republic (1988)
M. Broszat, Hitler and the Collapse of Weimar Germany (1987)
H. Mommsen The Rise and Fall of Weimar Democracy (1995)
R. Bessel & E. Feuchtwanger (eds.), Social Change and Political Development in Weimar Germany (1978)
B. Patch, Heinrich Bruning and the Dissolution of the Weimar Republic (1998)
M. Geyer 'Etudes in Political History: Reichswehr, NSDAP and the Seizure of Power' in Stachura, ed., The Nazi Machtergreifung (1983) 101-123
J. Forster 'The relationship between the German armed-forces and the
Nazis in the decisive year of 1933' , German Studies Review, 18
(1995), 471-480
The Impact of the World Depression
H. James, The German Slump. Politics and Economics 1924-36 (1987), esp. chs. 5 and 7.
H. James, The Reichsbank and Public Finance in Germany 1924-1933 (1985)
D. Abraham, The Collapse of the Weimar Republic (1981)
K. Borchardt Perspectives on Modern German Economic History and Policy (1991)
J von Kruedender, (ed.), Economic Crisis and Political Collapse. The Weimar Republic (1990)
D. Crew, Germans on welfare : from Weimar to Hitler (1998)
Y-S. Hong, Welfare, modernity, and the Weimar State, 1919-1933 (1998)
P. Weindling, "Eugenics and the Welfare State during the Weimar Republic" in Rosenhaft & Lee (eds), The State and Social Change, ch. 5
R. Evans & D. Geary (eds.), The German Unemployed (1987)
P Stachura, (ed.), Unemployment and the Great Depression in Weimar Germany (1987)
B. Lieberman, From Recovery to Catastrophe. Muncipal Stabilization
and Political Crisis in Weimar Germany (1999)
Parties and Politics
L.E. Jones, German Liberalism and the Dissolution of the German Party System, 1918-1933 (1988)
L. E. Jones & J. Retallack, (eds.), Elections, Mass Politics, and Social Change in Modern Germany. New Perspectives (1992) (articles by Fritzsche, Bessel and Jones)
L.E. Jones, 'The "The Dying Middle": Weimar Germany and the Fragmentation of Bourgeois Politics', Central European History, 1972
R. Koshar, Social Life, Local Politics and Nazism. Marburg, 1880-1935 (1987), chs. 4-5
T. Childers, 'The Social Language of Politics in Germany: the Sociology of Political Discourse in the Weimar Republic', American Historical Review, 95 (1990), 331-58
K.H. Jarausch and L.E. Jones, In Search of a Liberal Germany
(1990) (essays by Jarausch, Jones and Childers).
The Divided Left
R. Breitman, German Socialism and Weimar Democracy (1981)
R. Hunt, German Social Democracy 1918-1933 (1964)
R. Gates, 'German Socialism and the Crisis of 1919-1933'', Central European History, 7 (1974) 332-359
C. Hodge, 'Three Ways to Lose a Republic: The Electoral Politics of the Weimar SPD', European History Quarterly, 17 (1987), 165-193
E Matthias, 'The Downfall of the Old Social Democratic Party in 1933', in H Holborn, ed., Republic to Reich (1973), 51-105
S Salter, 'The Object Lesson: The Division of the German Left and the Triumph of National Socialism' in H Graham and P Preston, eds., The Popular Front in Europe (1987)
B Fowkes, Communism in the Weimar Republic (1985)
T Mason, 'National Socialism and the Working Class 1925 May 1933', New German Critique, 11 (1977), 49-93
The Appeal of the Nazis
C. Fischer, The Rise of the Nazis (1996)
T. Childers, The Nazi Voter
T. Childers, 'The Social Basis of the National Socialist Vote', JCH, 11 (1976), 17-42.
T. Childers (ed.), The Formation of the Nazi Constituency 1919-1933
R. Hamilton, Who Voted for Hitler?
See the symposium on the electoral base of Nazism in Central European History, 17 (1984), 3-85.
J.W. Falter, 'The First German Volkspartei: The Social Foundations of the NSDAP', in K. Rohe (ed.), Elections, Parties and Political Traditions, 53-81.
J.W. Falter and R. Zintl, 'The Economic Crisis of the 1930s and the Nazi Vote, Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 19 (1988), 55-87.
J. Noakes, The Nazi Party in Lower Saxony (1968)
G. Pridham, Hitler's Rise to Power. The Nazi Movement in Bavaria (1973)
C Szejnmann, Nazism in Central Germany. The Brownshirts in 'Red' Saxony (1999)
J.H. Grill, The Nazi Movement in Baden, 1920-1945 (1983)
W.S. Allen, The Nazi Seizure of Power 1930-1935 (1984)
C. Fischer, Stormtroopers (1983)
H.A. Winkler, 'German Society, Hitler and the Illusion of Restoration, 1930-1933', JCH, 1976.
B. Hagtvet, 'The Theory of Mass Society and the Collapse of the Weimar Republic: a Re-examination', and N. Passchier, 'The Electoral Geography of the Nazi Landslide' both in S.U. Larsen, B. Hagtvet and J.P.Myklebust (eds.), Who Were the Fascists, 66-117, 283-300.
R. Koshar, 'Two Nazisms: the social context of Nazi mobilization in
Marburg and Tübingen', Social History, (1982)
Wks 4 and 5 Nazi Germany and Stalinist
Russia
Because of the abundance of secondary texts on Nazi Germany and Stalinist Russia, a selection of more general works on each has been listed before sections devoted specifically to the seminar topics on party-state relations and on state control of the economy. The most useful general texts are highlighted in bold.
Nazi Germany - General
I. Kershaw, The Nazi Dictatorship: Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation (4th edition, 2000)
M. Broszat, The Hitler State (1981)
W. Mommsen, The Third Reich between Vision and Reality (2000)
I. Kershaw, Hitler: 1889-1936 - Hubris (1998)
D. Peukert, Inside the Third Reich (1987)
A. J. De Grand, Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany: The 'Fascist' Style of Rule (1995)
M. Burleigh & W. Wippermann, The Racial State: Germany 1933-1945 (1991)
J. Noakes and G. Pridham, Nazism 1919-1945: A Documentary Reader, Vols I-IV (1983-1998)
J. Noakes (ed.), Government, Party and People in Nazi Germany (1980)
N. Frei, National Socialist Rule in Germany: the Führer State 1933-1945 (1993)
D. Welch (ed.), Nazi Propaganda. The Power and the Limitations (1993)
I. Kershaw, The Hitler Myth (1987)
P. Stachura (ed.), The Shaping of the Nazi State (1978)
D. Crew, (ed.), Nazism and German Society 1933-1945 (1994)
C. Maier et al. The Rise of the Nazi Regime. Historical Reassessments
(1986)
Stalinist Russia - General
M. Lewin, The Making of the Soviet System. Essays in the Social History of Interwar Russia (1985)
A. Nove, An Economic History of the USSR (1992)
E. D. J. Acton, Russia. The Tsarist and Soviet Legacy (1995), ch 8, 9, 10
E. H. Carr, The Russian Revolution from Lenin to Stalin, 1917-1929 (1979)
S. Cohen, Rethinking the Soviet Experience: Politics and History since 1917 (1985)
I. Deutscher, Stalin (1966)
S. Fitzpatrick, The Russian Revolution, 1972-1932 (1982)
C. Friedrich & Z. Brzezinski, Totalitarian Dictatorship and Autocracy (1965)
G. Gill, Stalinism (1990)
S. Kotkin, Magnetic Mountain: Stalinism as a Civilisation (1995)
J. T. Gross, 'A note on the nature of Soviet totalitarianism', Soviet Studies (1982)
G. A. Hosking, A History of the Soviet Union (3rd edn. 1992)
J. F. Hough & M. Fainsod, How the Soviet Union is Governed (1979)
W. Laqueur, Stalin. The Glasnost Revelations (1990)
M. McAuley, Politics and the Soviet Union (1977)
M. McCauley, The Soviet Union since 1917 (1981)
R. H. McNeal, Stalin: Man and Ruler (1988)
E. Mawdsley, The Stalin Years (1998)
R. Medvedev, Let History Judge. The Origins and Consequences of Stalinism (rev. edn. 1988)
B. Moore, Terror and Progress in the USSR (1966)
A. Nove, Stalinism and After (1975)
A. Nove, Was Stalin Really Necessary ? (1964)
T. H. Rigby, (ed.), Authority, Power and Policy in the USSR (1984, 2nd edn)
L. Siegelbaum Soviet State and Society between revolutions, 1918-1928 (1992)
V. Brovkin, Russia after Lenin: politics, culture and society, 1921-1929 (1998)
R. C. Tucker,. Stalin in power. The revolution from above 1929-1941 (1990)
R. C. Tucker, (ed.), Stalinism: Essays in Historical Interpretation (1977)
G. Urban, Stalinism: Its Impact on Russia and the World (1982)
D. Volkogonov, Stalin. Triumph and Tragedy (1991)
T. Von Laue, Why Lenin ? Why Stalin ? (1966)
C. Ward, Stalin's Russia (1993, new ed. 1999)
In which dictatorship was the party-state apparatus more coherent, unified and disciplined?
Key Reading:
I. Kershaw & M. Lewin (eds.) Stalinism and Nazism. Dictatorships in Comparison (1996), esp. essays by Mommsen, Kershaw, Mann and Lewin
Kershaw, The Nazi Dictatorship, chs. 3-7
J. Caplan Government without Administration. State and Civil Service in Weimar and Nazi Germany (1989)
Acton, Russia, ch 9
G. Gill, The Origins of the Stalinist Political System (1990)
G. Rittersporn 'The Omnipresent Conspiracy: On Soviet Imagery of Politics
and Social Relations in the 1930s', in N. Lampert & G. Rittersporn,
(eds),
Stalinism: its nature and aftermath (1992)
Supplementary Reading:
Germany
J. Caplan, 'The Politics of Administration: The Reich Interior Ministry and the German Civil Service' HJ 20 (1977), 707-36.
J. Caplan, 'Bureaucracy, Politics and the National Socialist State' in P. Stachura (ed.), The Shaping of the Nazi State, 234-256
J. Caplan, 'Civil Service Support for National Socialism. an Evaluation' in G Hirschfeld and L Ketternacker, eds., The 'Führer State': Myth and Reality (1981)194-225
J. Caplan, 'Recreating the Civil Service: Issues and Ideas in the Nazi Regime' in Noakes (ed), Government, Party and People, 34-56
D. Silverman, 'Nazification of the German Bureaucracy Reconsidered: A Case Study' JMH 60 (1988) 496-539
J. Nyomarky Charisma and Factionalism in the Nazi Party (1967)
M. Housden, 'Personal Rivalry in the Hitler State: A Case Study', German History 8 (1990) 294-309.
J. Noakes, 'Oberbürgermeister and Gauleiter. City Government between Party and State' in Hirschfeld and Ketternacker, The 'Führer State', pp.194-225
E. Peterson, The Limits of Hitler's Power (1969)
J. Noakes, 'The Nazi Party and the Third Reich: the Myth and Reality of the One-Party State', in Noakes, Government, Party and People, pp. 11-33
H. Mommsen, 'National Socialism: Continuity and Change' in W Laqueur
ed,
Fascism, A Reader's Guide (1976) Ch. 4
USSR
R. Conquest, The Great Terror. Stalin's Purges of the Thirties (new edn. 1990)
S. Fitzpatrick, 'Stalin and the making of a new elite, 1928-1939', Slavic Review (1979)
J. A. Getty, Origins of the Great Purges: The Soviet Communist Party Reconsidered, 1933-1938 (1985)
J. A. Getty & R. T. Manning (eds), Stalinist Terror (1993)
J. Hellbeck, 'Speaking Out: Languages of Affirmation and Dissent in Stalinist Russia', Kritika, 1 (2000)
J.A. Getty, (ed.), The Road to Terror: Stalin and the Self-Destruction of the Bolsheviks, 1932-1939 (1999) [Sources]
N. Lampert & G. Rittersporn (eds), Stalinism: Its Nature and Aftermath (1992)
G. Rittersporn, Stalinist Simplifications and Soviet Complications. Social tensions and Political Conflicts in the USSR, 1933-1953 (1991)
S. Fitzpatrick, Education and Social Mobility in the Soviet Union, 1921-1934 (1979)
S. Fitzpatrick, (ed.), Cultural Revolution in Russia, 1928-31 (1978)
J. A. Getty, 'Party and purge in Smolensk 1933-1937' (and debate), Slavic Review (1983)
A. Nove, 'Soviet Political Organization and Development', in C. Leys, ed., Politics and Change in Developing Countries (1969)
R. Pethybridge, The Social Prelude to Stalinism (1974)
E. A. Rees, State Control in Soviet Russia. The Rise and Fall of the Workers' and Peasants' Inspectorate, 1920-1934 (1987)
T. H. Rigby, Communist Party Membership in the USSR (1968)
H-H. Schroder, 'Upward Social Mobility and Mass Repression: The Communist Party and Soviet Society in the Thirties', in N. Lampert & G. Rittersporn, op. cit.
P. Thurston et al., Discussion on the Great Terror, Slavic Review (1986 & 1987)
L. Viola, The Best Sons of the Fatherland. Workers in the Vanguard of Collectivization (1987)
L. Viola, (ed.), 'Collectivization and the Soviet countryside' (Discussion,
Soviet
Studies in History (1990) no 2)
In which society was state control
of the economy more effective before 1939?
KEY READING:
GERMANY:
H. James, The German Slump: Politics and Economics, 1924-1936, ch. 10
I. Kershaw, The Nazi Dictatorship, ch. 3
R. J. Overy, The Nazi Economic Recovery 1932-1938 (1982)
USSR:
E.D.J. Acton, Russia, ch. 9
M. Lewin, The Making of the Soviet System
R. W. Davies et al (eds), The Economic Transformation of the USSR
1913-1945 (1994)
Supplementary Reading:
Germany
A. Barkai, Nazi Economics: Ideology, Theory and Policy (1990)
J. E. Farquharson, The Plough and the Swastika: the NSDAP and Agriculture 1928-1945 (1976)
G Corni, Hitler and the Peasants. Agrarian Policy of the Third Reich 1930-1939 (1990)
D Silverman, Hitler's economy: Nazi work creation programs, 1933-1936 (1998)
T. Mason, Nazism, Fascism and the Working Class (1995)
T. Mason, Social Policy in The Third Reich: the working class and the National Community (1993)
T Mason,'The Primacy of Politics - Politics and Economics in National Socialist Germany', in S J Woolf, ed., The Nature of Fascism (1968)
D. Schoenbaum, Hitler's Social Revolution (1966)
I. Kershaw, Popular Opinion and Political Dissent in the Third Reich (1983)
A. Schweitzer, Big Business in the Third Reich (1981)
J Gillingham, Industry and Politics in the Third Reich: Ruhr Coal, Hitler and Europe (1985)
P Hayes, Industry and Ideology. IG Farben in the Nazi Era (1987)
N Gregor, Daimler-Benz in the Third Reich (1998)
USSR
D. Filtzer, Soviet Workers and Stalinist Industrialization. The Formation of Modern Soviet Production Relations, 1928-41 (1986)
S. Fitzpatrick, Stalin's Peasants. Resistance and Survival in the Russian Village after Collectivization (1994)
J. A. Getty & R. T. Manning (eds), Stalinist Terror (1993)
M. Lewin, 'Society and the Stalinist State in the period of the 5 year plans', Social History, 1 (1976-7)
J. Millar The Soviet Economic Experiment (1990)
S. Wheatcroft, et al. 'Soviet industrialization reconsidered: some preliminary conclusions about economic development 1926-1941', Economic History Review (1986)
E. D. J. Acton, 'Decoding a Cautionary Tale: The Soviet Experience', in A. Danchev (ed), Fin de siecle. The Meaning of the Twentieth Century (1995)
V. Andrle, Workers in Stalin's Russia: Industrialization and Social Change in a Planned Economy (1988)
K. E. Bailes, Technology and Society under Lenin and Stalin: Origins of the Soviet Technical Intelligentsia 1917-1941 (1978)
R. W. Davies, The Socialist Offensive. The Collectivization of Soviet Agriculture, 1929-1930 (1980)
R. W. Davies, The Soviet Collective Farm, 1929-1930 (1980)
A. W. Gouldner, 'Stalinism: A Study of Internal Colonialism', Telos 34, (1977-78)
H. Hunter et al., Discussion on collectivization, Slavic Review (1988)
H. Kuromiya, Stalin's Industrial Revolution. Politics and Workers, 1928-1932 (1988)
N. Lampert, The Technical Intelligentsia and the Soviet State. A Study of Soviet Managers and Technicians, 1928-1935 (1979)
J. Millar & A. Nove, 'Was Stalin really necessary ? A debate on collectivization', Problems of Communism, 25 (1976)
J. Millar, 'Mass collectivization and the contribution of Soviet agriculture to the First Five Year Plan', Slavic Review (1974)
J. Millar, 'Collectivization and its consequences', Russian Review (1982)
L. H. Siegelbaum, Stakhanovism and the Politics of Productivity in the USSR, 1935-1941 (1988)
E. Zaleski, Stalinist Planning for Economic Growth (1990)
E. A. Rees, (ed.), Decision-Making in the Stalinist Command Economy,
1932-37 (1997)
Forced Labour
S. Swianiewicz, Forced Labour and Economic Development. An Inquiry into the Experience of Soviet Industrialization (1965)
S. Rosefielde, 'An assessment of the sources and uses of Gulag forced labour 1929-1956', Soviet Studies (1981)
S. Wheatcroft, 'On assessing the size of forced concentration camp labour in the USSR 1929-1956' Soviet Studies (1981)
R. Conquest, 'Forced labour statistics: some comments' Soviet Studies (1982)
S. Wheatcroft, 'Towards a thorough analysis of Soviet forced labour statistics', Soviet Studies (1983)
S. Rosefielde, 'Incriminating evidence: excess deaths and forced labour supply under Stalin: a final reply to criticism', Soviet Studies (1988)
R. Conquest, 'Excess Deaths and Camp Numbers: Some Comments', Soviet Studies XLIII (1991), 949-52
E. Bacon, 'Glasnost and the Gulag: New Information on Soviet Forced
Labour around World War II', Soviet Studies XLIV (1992), 1069-86
Wk 6 The British, German and Soviet War-Efforts
Which state mounted the most effective war-effort and why?
Key Reading:
M. Harrison (ed.) The Economics of World War II (2000)
Britain:
Paul Addison, The Road to 1945 (1975)
Germany:
J. Noakes (ed), Nazism 1919-1945. Vol. 4 (1998), esp. ch. 43
M. Kitchen, Nazi Germany at War (esp. chs 1-2)
I. Kershaw & M. Lewin (eds), Stalinism and Nazism. Dictatorships in Comparison (1997)essay by Bartov
B. Kroener et al (eds), Germany & Second World War; Vol 5 - Organisation
and Mobilisation of the German Sphere...1939-1941 (1999)
USSR:
R. W. Davies et al (eds), The Economic Transformation of the USSR 1913-1945 (1994), ch 12
W. C. Fuller ''The Great Fatherland War and late Stalinism, 1941-1953'', in G. L. Freeze (ed), Russia. A History (1997)
E. Mawdsley The Stalin Years (1998)
C. Ward Stalin's Russia , ch 5
Supplementary reading:
Britain
K. Jefferys, The Churchill coalition and wartime politics 1940-1945 (1991)
A.J.P. Taylor, '1932-1945', in David Butler (ed.), Coalitions in British Politics (1978)
Ben Pimlott, Hugh Dalton (1985), Chs. 21-4
Correlli Barnett, The Audit of War (1986), Chs. 1-2
Searle, Country Before Party, Ch. 9
Kenneth O. Morgan, Labour in Power 1945-1951 (1984)
Peter Hennessy & A. Seldon, Ruling Performance: British Governments from Attlee to Thatcher (1987)
Keith Middlemas, Politics in Industrial Society: The Experience of the British System Since 1911 (1979)
Angus Calder, The People's War (1971)
Jose Harris, William Beveridge (1977)
Kevin Jefferys, 'British Politics and Social Policy during the Second World War', HJ, 30 (1987)
J.M. Lee, The Churchill Coalition 1940-1945 (1980), Ch. 8
Steven Fielding, 'The Second World War and Popular Radicalism: The Significance
of the "Movement away from Party', History, 80 (1995), 38-58
Germany
T. Mason, Social Policy in the Third Reich (1993)
R.. J. Overy, 'Heavy Industry and the State in Nazi Germany: the Reichswerke Crisis', European History Quarterly, 15 (1985), 313-40.
R.J. Overy, War and Economy in the Third Reich (1994)
B. H. Klein, Germany's Economic Preparation for War (1959)
B. Carroll, Design for Total War: Arms and Economics in the Third Reich (1968)
A. Milward, The German Economy at War (1965)
J. Gillingham, Industry and Politics in the Third Reich: Ruhr Coal, Hitler and Europe (1985)
E. R. Zilbert, Albert Speer and the Nazi Ministry of Arms Economic Institutions and Industrial Production in the Germany War Economy (1981)
R. Stokes, 'The Oil Industry in Nazi Germany' Business History Review 59 (1985) 254-277
N. Gregor, Daimler-Benz in the Third Reich (1998)
U. Herbert, Hitler's foreign workers : enforced foreign labor in
Germany under the Third Reich (1997)
USSR
J. Barber & Mark Harrison The Soviet Home Front, 1941-1945 (1991)
M. Harrison 'Stalinist industrialization and the test of war', History Workshop Journal (1990), no 29
J. R. Millar 'Financing the Soviet war effort', Soviet Studies (1980)
W. Moskoff The Bread of Affliction: the Food Supply in the USSR during World War II (1990)
S. Bialer Stalin and his Generals (1969)
T. Dunmore The Stalinist Command Economy. The Soviet State Apparatus and Economic Policy, 1945-1953 (1980)
J. F. Dunnigan (ed.) The Russian Front. Germany's War in the East, 1941-1945 (1978)
J. Erickson Stalin's War with Germany: I. The Road to Stalingrad; 2. The Road to Berlin (1975, 1983)
J. Erickson (ed.) Barbarosa: the Axis and the Allies (1994)
D.M. Glanz When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler (1995)
M. Harrison Soviet Planning in Peace and War, 1938-1945 (1985)
M. Harrison Accounting for War
N. Khrushchev Khrushchev Remembers (2 vols, 1971, 1974)
S. J. Linz (ed.) The Impact of the Second World War upon the Soviet Union (1985)
G. Lyons The Russian version of the Second World War (1976)
R. Munting The Economic Development of the USSR (1982)
R. Overy Russia's War (1998)
C. A. Roberts 'Planning for War: the Red Army and the catastrophe of 1941', Europe-Asia Studies, 47, Dec 1995
A. Werth Russia At War, 1941-1945 (1964)
E. Zaleski Stalinist Planning for Economic Growth (1980)
Wk 7 The Welfare State in Post-War Britain and West Germany
KEY READING:
Britain:
Kenneth O. Morgan, Labour in Power 1945-1951 (1984)
Germany:
V. Berghahn, Modern Germany (1982), chs. 5-6
M. Roseman, 'Division and Stability: The Federal Republic of Germany
1945-1989', in M. Fulbrook (ed.), German History since 1800 ((1997),
ch. 18
Supplementary Reading:
Britain
Dennis Kavanagh, & P. Morris, Consensus Politics From Attlee to Thatcher (1989)
B. Pimlott, Hugh Dalton, chs. 25-32
John Campbell, Nye Bevan: A Biography (1987)
Jurgen C. Hess, 'The Social Policy of the Attlee Government' in W.J. Mommsen (ed.), The Emergence of the Welfare State in Britain and Germany (1981)
Derek Fraser, The Evolution of the British Welfare State (1973)
R. Klein, The Politics of the National Health Service (1983), esp. Ch. 1
Jose Harris, Jose, 'Enterprise and the Welfare State: A Comparative Perspective', in Terry Gourvish & Alan O'Day (eds), Britain Since 1945 (1991)
Peter Hennessy, Never Again. Britain 1945-1951 (1992)
N. Tiratsoo (ed.), The Attlee Years (1991)
Nicholas Timmins, The Five Giants: A Biography of the Welfare State (1995)
G.R. Searle, 'Country Before Party', Ch. 10
John Ramsden, 'A Party of Owners or a Party for Earners?', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 1987
Paul Addison, Churchill on the Home Front 1900-1955 (1992), Ch. 12
Anthony Seldon, Churchill's Indian Summer: The Conservative Government 1951-1955 (1981)
V. Bogdanor & R. Skidelsky (eds), The Age of Affluence (1970)
Correlli Barnett, The Lost Victory: British Dreams, British Realities 1945-1950 (1995)
Keith Middlemas, Politics in Industrial Society, Ch. 14
Keith Middlemas, Power, Competition and the State, 3 vols (1986-91)
Germany
History and Political Development
M. Fulbrook, The Divided Nation: A History of Germany 1918-1990 (1991)
P. Pulzer, German Politics, 1945-1995 (1995)
G. Smith, Democracy in Western Germany (3rd edn, 1986)
A. Nicholls, The Bonn Republic : West German democracy, 1945-1990 (1997)
D. L. Bark and D.R. Gress, A History of West Germany (1989), esp. vol. 1
M. Balfour, West Germany: A Contemporary History (1982)
A. Glees, Reinventing Germany : German political development since 1945 (1996)
P.J. Katzenstein, Policy and Politics in West Germany: the growth of a semi-sovereign state (1987)
G. Smith et al (eds), Developments in West German politics (1989)
G. Smith et al (eds), Developments in German Politics (1991)
K. von Beyme and M.G. Schmidt, Policy and Politics in the Federal Republic of Germany (1985)
W.E. Paterson and G. Smith (eds), The West German Model: perspectives on a stable state (1981)
H. Dovring & G. Smith (eds) Party government and political culture in Western Germany (1982)
K.L. Baker, Germany Transformed: political culture and the new politics (1981)
K.H.F. Dyson, Party, State and Bureaucracy in West Germany (1977)
G. Pridham, Christian Democracy in Western Germany (1977)
D. Childs, From Schumacher to Brandt: the story of German Socialism
1945-1965 (1966)
Political Economy and Public Policy
G. Braunthal, The Federation of German Industry in Politics (1965)
V. Berghahn, The Americanisation of West German industry 1945-1973 (1986)
V. Berghahn & D. Karsten, Industrial relations in West Germany (1987)
A.S. Markovits, The Politics of West German Trade Unions (1986)
E. Owen Smith, The German Economy (1983)
J. Leaman, The Political Economy of West Germany 1945-85: an introduction (1988)
A. Markovits (ed.), The political economy of West Germany : Modell Deutschland (1982)
A.J. Nicholls, Freedom with Responsibility: The Social Market Economy in Germany, 1918-1963 (1994)
J. Clasen & R. Freeman (eds.) Social policy in Germany (1994)
R. Moeller, Protecting motherhood : women and the family in the politics of postwar West Germany (1993)
S. Bulmer (ed.), The changing agenda of West German public policy
(1989)
Wk 8 Supranational organizations and the nation-state
Key Reading:
Britain:
Young, Hugo, This blessed plot: Britain and Europe from Churchill to Blair (1998)
Germany:
C. Wurm (ed.), Western Europe and Germany : the beginnings of European
integration, 1945-1960 (1995)
Supplementary Reading:
Britain
John Ramsden, The Winds of Change: Macmillan to Heath 1957-1975 (1996) (use index)
Richard Lamb, The Macmillan Years 1957-1963 (1995), Chs. 7-9
Jaqueline Tratt, The Macmillan Government and Europe (1996)
R. Aldous & Sabine Lea, Sabine (eds), Harold Macmillan: Aspects of a political life (1999)
A.M. Williams & A. Morgan, The European Community (2nd ed., 1994)
S. Greenwood, Britain and European Co-operation since 1945 (1992)
U. Kitzinger, Diplomacy and Persuasion: How Britain joined the Common Market (1973)
D. Gowland Reluctant Europeans. Britain and European Integration
1945-1998 (1999)
Germany
In addition to the works cited for Week 8, see
E Moreton, Germany between East and West (1987)
P Merkl, German Foreign Policies, East and West (1974)
R Morgan, West Germany's Foreign Policy Agenda (1978)
H Simonian, The Privileged Partnership. Franco-German Relations in the European Community (1985)
E. Kirchner, 'The Federal Republic of Germany in the European Community', in P. Merkl (ed.), The Federal republic at Forty (1989)
E. Kirchner, 'The Maturing of German-EC Relations', in C. Hodge & C. Nolan (eds.), Shepherd of Democracy? America and the German Question (1992)
C. Schweitzer & D. Kartsen (eds.), The Federal Republic of Germany and EC Membership Evaluated (1990)
J. Lodge, The European Policy of the SPD (1976)
K. Deutsch & L. Edinger, Germany Rejoins the Powers. Mass Opinion, Interest Groups and Elites in Contemporary German Foreign Policy (1973)
W. Hanrieder, The Stable Crisis. Two Decades of German Foreign Policy (1970)
W. Hanrieder, Germany, America and Europe: Forty Years of German Foreign Policy (1989)
W. Hanrieder , 'The Foreign Policies of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1949-1989' German Studies Rev. 12 (1989), 311-332
E. Krippendorf & V. Rittberger, (eds.), The Foreign Policy of West Germany: Formation and Contents (1980
J. K. Sowden, The German Question 1945-1973 (1975)
W. Kohl & G. Baseri (eds.), West Germany: A European and Global Power (1980)
R. Fritsch-Bournazel, Confronting the German Question. Germans in the East-West Divide
R. Morgan, The United States and West Germany 1945-1973 (1974)
J. Richardson, Germany and the Atlantic Alliance (1966)
Wk 9 The USSR and the German Democratic Republic (c.1950-1980)
Key Reading:
USSR:
Acton, Russia, ch. 11
Silver, B D 'Political beliefs of the Soviet citizen: Sources of support for regime norms', in J. R. Millar (ed.), Politics, Work and Daily Life in the USSR (1987)
R. L. Tokes 'Varieties of Soviet Dissent: An Overview', in Tokes (ed), Dissent in the USSR
GDR:
M. Fulbrook, The Two Germanies, 1945-1990. Problems of Interpretation (2000)
M. Allinson, 'The failed experiment: East German communism' , in M.
Fulbrook (ed.), German History since 1800 (1997)
Supplementary Redaing:
USSR
Politics
G. W. Breslauer, Khrushchev and Brezhnev as Leaders: Building Authority in Soviet Politics (1982)
J. G. Hough & M. Fainsod, How The Soviet Union is Governed (1979)
V. Zaslavsky, The Neo-Stalinist State. Class, Ethnicity, and Consensus in Soviet Society (1982)
R. H. Hill & P. Frank , The Soviet Communist Party (1980)
S. Bialer, Stalin's Successors: Leadership, Stability and Change in the Soviet Union (1980)
A. Brown & J. Gray (eds), Political Culture and Political Change in Communist States (1981) chs 1, 2
D. Filtzer, The Khrushchev Era
N. Harding (ed.), The State in Socialist Society (1984)
N. Harding, 'Socialism, Society and the Organic Labour State', in N. Harding (ed), The State in Socialist Society
G. Hosking, A History of the Soviet Union (1992)
J. G. Hough, Soviet Leadership in Transition (1980)
D. R. Kelley (ed.), Soviet Politics in the Brezhnev Era (1980)
N. Lampert, Whistleblowing in the Soviet Union. Complaints and Abuses under State Socialism
C. Linden, Khrushchev and the Soviet Leadership 1957-1964 (1966)
M. McAuley, Politics and the Soviet Union (1977)
M. McCauley, The Soviet Union since 1917 (1981)
R. Medvedev, Khrushchev (1982)
T. H. Rigby (ed.), Authority, Power and Policy in the USSR (1982)
V. Shlapentokh, 'Two levels of public opinion: the Soviet case', Public Opinion Quarterly (1985)
B.D. Silver, 'Soviet Citizen Participation on the Eve of Democratization', American Political Science Review, 84 (1990) pp. 821-47
A. L. Unger Constitutional Development in the USSR (1981)
M. Walker, The Waking Giant: Gorbachev's Russia (1986)
Labour
D. Filtzer, 'Labour' in M. McCauley (ed), Khrushchev and Khrushchevism (1987)
M. McAuley, Labour Disputes in Soviet Russia, 1957-1965 (1969)
Social structure
W. D. Connor, Socialism, Politics and Equality. Hierarchy and Change in Eastern Europe and the USSR (1980)
W. Fisher, The USSR (1973)
V. George & N. Manning, Socialism, Social Welfare and the Soviet Union (1980)
D. Lane, Soviet Economy and Society (1985)
D. Lane, The End of Social Inequality ? (1982)
D. Lane, 'The roots of political reform: the changing social structure of the USSR', in C. Merridale & C. Ward (eds), Perestroika. The Historical Perspective (1991)
M. Lewin, The Gorbachev Phenomenon. A Historical Interpretation
A. Nove, 'Is there a ruling class in the USSR ?', Soviet Studies, XXVII, pp. 615-38
A. Pravda, 'Is there a Soviet Working Class ?', Problems of Communism, 31 (1982) no 6, pp. 1-24
M. Voslensky, Nomenklatura: An Anatomy of the Soviet Ruling Class
(1984)
The economic system
B. Kerblay, Modern Soviet Society (1983)
A. Nove, An Economic History of the USSR (1992)
A. Nove, The Soviet Economic System (1977)
K. M. Simis, USSR: Secrets of a Corrupt Society (1982)
The nationality question:
J. R. Azrael (ed.), Soviet Nationality Policy and Practices
Z. Gitelman, 'Are nations merging in the USSR ?' Problems of Communism, Sept-Oct 1983
G. W. Lapidus, 'Ethnonationalism and political stability: the Soviet case', World Politics, July 1984
M. McAuley, 'Nationalism and the Soviet Multi-ethnic State', in N. Harding (ed), The State in Socialist Society
B. Nahaylo & V. Swoboda, Soviet Disunion: A History of the Nationalities Problem in the USSR (1990)T. Rakowska-Harmstone 'The Dialectics of nationalism in the USSR'. Problems of Communism, May-June 1974
G. Smith (ed.), The Nationalities Question in the Soviet Union
(1990)
Dissent
E. D. J. Acton, 'Revolutionaries and Dissidents: the role of Russian intellectuals in the fall of Tsarism and Communism', in A. Kemp-Welch and J. Jennings (eds), Intellectuals in Politics (1997)
F. C. Barghoorn, 'The Post-Khrushchev Campaign to Suppress Dissent: Perspectives, Strategies, and Techniques of Repression', in Tokes (ed), Dissent in the USSR
R. Medvedev, On Soviet Dissent (1980)
P. Reddaway, 'Dissent in the USSR', Problems of Communism, 32 (1983) no 6, pp. 1-15.
P. Reddaway, 'The Development of Dissent and Opposition', in A Brown & M. Kaser (eds) The Soviet Union Since the Fall of Khrushchev
D. R. Spechler, Permitted Dissent in the USSR. 'Novy mir' and the
Soviet Regime (1982)
The GDR
M. Fulbrook, Germany, 1918-1990: The Divided Nation, Part 2.
M. Fulbrook, Anatomy of a Dictatorship: Inside the GDR 1949-1989
E. Weitz, Creating German Communism, 1890-1990. From Popular Protests to Socialist State
H.A. Turner, The Two Germanies since 1945
K. Sontheimer and W. Bleek, The Government and Politics of East Germany
D. Childs, The GDR: Moscow's German Ally
W. Loth, Stalin's Unwanted Child. The Soviet Union, The German Question anbd the Founding of the GDR (1998)
D. Childs (ed.), Honecker's Germany
J.K.A. Thomanek and J. Mellis (eds.), Politics, Society and Government in the German Democratic Republic: Basic Documents
H. Krisch, The German Democratic Republic: the search for identity
A. J. McAdams, East Germany and Detente: building authority after the wall
M. McCauley, The German Democratic Republic since 1945
K von Beyme & H Zimmermann (eds.), Policymaking in the German Democratic Republic (1977)
M. Dennis, German Democratic Republic : politics, economics and society (1988)
Ian Jeffries, et al., The East German Economy (1987)
G. Leptin & M. Metzer, Economic Reform in East German Industry (1978)
T. A. Baylis, The technical Intelligentsia and the East German elite
M. McCauley, 'Legitimation of the German Democratic Republic', in P Lewis (ed.), Eastern Europe Political Crisis and Legitimation (1984), 42-67
J. Herf, Divided Memory. The Nazi Past in the Two Germanys (1999)
A. McAdams, Germany Divided: From the Wall to Reunification (1993)
Dissent and opposition
R. Bahro, The Alternative in Eastern Europe (1978)
D. Bathrick, 'The Politics of Culture: Rudolph Bahro and Opposition in the GDR', New German Critique 17 (1979) 3-24
R. Woods (ed.), Opposition in the GDR under Honecker 1971-1985 (1985)
W. Volkmer, 'East Germany: Dissenting Views during the Last Decade', in R Tokes, (ed.) Opposition in Eastern Europe (1979), pp. 113-141
P. Ramet, 'Disaffection and Dissent in East Germany,' World Politics, 37 (1984), 85-111
J. Sandford, The Sword and the Ploughshare. Autonomous Peace Initiatives in East Germany (1983)
G-J. Glaessner & I. Wallace (eds), The German revolution of 1989 : causes and consequences (1992)
H. James and M. Stone (eds.), When the wall came down : reactions
to German unification (1992)
Wk 10 The State in Retreat: the USSR
Why was it that nationalism became the most effective vehicle for
opposition to Gorbachev?
Key Reading:
E. D. J. Acton, Russia: the Tsarist and Soviet Legacy (1995), chs 12, 13, 14
R. V. Daniels, The End of the Communist Revolution (1993)
S. White, Gorbachev and After (1992)
Supplementary Reading:
General
S. White et al (eds), The Soviet Transition: From Gorbachev to Yeltsin (1993)
D. Lane, Soviet Society under Perestroika (1992 ed)
S. Bialer (ed.), Politics, Society, and Nationality Inside Gorbachev's Russia (1989)
M. Sandle, A Short History of Soviet Socialism (1999)
R. Sakwa, The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union, 1917-1991 (1999)
S. Bialer, The Soviet Paradox. External Expansion, Internal Decline, chs 3-6
J. Bloomfield (ed.), The Soviet Revolution
M. Frankland, The Sixth Continent. Russia and Mikhail Gorbachov
M. S. Gorbachev, Perestroika: New Thinking for Our Country and the World (1988)
G. Hosking, A History of the Soviet Union (1993)
Journal of Communist Studies 4 (1988) - special issue on Gorbachev and Gorbachevism
B. Kagarlitsky, The Disintegration of the Monolith (1992)
D. Lane (ed.), Russia in Flux (1992)
Zh. Medvedev, Andropov (1983)
J. Morison, Boris Yeltsin: From Bolshevik to Democrat (1991)
R. Pipes, Communism: The Vanished Spectre (1994)
On politics
G. Hosking, et al., The Road to Post-Communism. Independent Political Movements in the Soviet Union, 1985-1991 (1992)
R. Sakwa, Gorbachev and his reforms, 1985-1990 (1990)
S. White et al. The Politics of Transition: shaping a post-Soviet future (1993)
A. Brown, The Gorbachev Factor (1996)
O. Cappelli, 'The Short Parliament 1989-91: Political Elites, Societal Cleavages and the Weakness of Party Politics', in S. White et al (eds), The Soviet Transition
P. Duncan et al., The Road to Post-Communism. Independent Political Movements in the Soviet Union, 1985-1991 (1992)
M. Galeottie, Gorbachev and His Revolution (1997)
S. Mitrokhin & M. Urban, 'Social Groups, party Elites and Russia's New Democrats', in D. Lane (ed.), Russia in Flux
N. Robinson, 'Parliamentary Politics under Gorbachev: Opposition and the Failure of Socialist Pluralism', in S. White et al (eds), The Soviet Transition
R. Sakwa, Russian Politics and Society (1993)
G. B. Smith Soviet Politics. Continuity and Contradiction
M. Urban 'Party Formation and Deformation on Russia's Democratic Left',
in R. T. Huber & D. R. Kelly (eds), Perestroika-era Politics: The
New Legislature and Gorbachev's Political Reforms (1991)
On the economy
M. I. Goldman, What Went Wrong with Perestroika (1992)
A. Aslund, Gorbachev's Struggle for Economic Reform (1991)
M. I. Goldman, USSR in Crisis. The Failure of an Economic System
P. Gregory, 'Soviet Bureaucratic Behavaiour: Khozyaistvenniki and Apparatchiki', Soviet Studies, 41 (1989), 511-25
A. Nove, An Economic History of the USSR (1992)
H. G. Shaffer (ed.), Soviet Agriculture. An Assessment of its Contribution
to Economic Development
On labour
E. Teague, 'Workers' Reactions to Perestroika and Glasnost', in S. White et al (eds), The Soviet Transition
S. Clarke et al. (eds), What About the Workers ? Workers and the Transition to Capitalism in Russia (1993)
D. Lane, 'The roots of political reform: the changing social structure
of the USSR', in C. Merridale (ed.), Perestroika. The Historical Perspective
On ideology
A. Brown, New Thinking in Soviet Politics (1989)
R. W. Davies, 'Gorbachev's socialism in historical perspective', New Left Review, no 179 (1990)
M. S. Gorbachev, Perestroika: New Thinking for Our Country and the World (1988)
D. Mandel, 'The Social Base of Perestroika', in S. White et al eds, Developments in Soviet Politics
J. Morison, Boris Yeltsin: From Bolshevik to Democrat (1991)
B. Kagarlitsky, Farewell Perestroika: a Soviet Chronicle (1990)
A. Nove, Glasnost in Action: Cultural Renaissance in Russia (1989)
On nationalities
R. G. Suny, The Revenge of the Past: Nationalism, Revolution and the Collapse of the Soviet Union (1993)
G. H. Carter, Russian Nationalism: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow (1990)
R. J. Hill, 'Managing Ethnic Conflict' in S. White, et al. (eds), The Soviet Transition
G. Hosking, The Awakening of the Soviet Union (1990)
G. Hosking, 'The Russian People and the Soviet Union', in G. Hosking & R. Service, (eds), Reinterpreting Russia (1999)
M. McAuley, 'Nationalism and the Soviet Multi-ethnic State', in N. Harding (ed) The State in Socialist Society
P. Rutland, 'The 'Nationality Problem' and the Soviet State', in N. Harding (ed) The State in Socialist Society
G. Simon, Nationalism and Policy Towards the Nationalities in the Soviet Union: From Totalitarian Dictatorship to Post-Stalinist Society (1991)
W. G. Lapidues et al (eds), From Union to Commonwealth. Nationalism
and Separatism in the Soviet Republics (1992)
Wk 11 The State in Modern Europe: Theory and History
The purpose of this session is to review the more theoretical and comparative approaches we studied at the outset of the Autumn Semester in the light of the history of Britain, Germany and Russia from the middle of the nineteenth century to the very recent past.
The aim here is not to be prescriptive, but to promote an open discussion of how far some of the comparative and theoretical approaches introduced at the outset of the first unit have facilitated an understanding of the themes and problems we have addressed.
Since Autumn Week 5 we have in various ways been involved in historical analysis of the following themes:
12 The State in Modern Europe: Where Next?
Our final session, is designed to allow a very open-ended debate on the current status of the state in contemporary Europe, an issue prompted by factors such as:
M. Mazower, Dark Continent. Europe's Twentieth Century (1998), chs. 10, 11, Epilogue
I. Budge, The politics of the new Europe : Atlantic to Urals (1997)
M. Keating, The politics of modern Europe : the state and political authority in the major democracies ( 2nd ed, 1999)
B. Jenkins & S. Sofos (eds.), Nation and identity in contemporary Europe (1996)
H-R. Wicker (ed), Rethinking nationalism and ethnicity : the struggle for meaning and order in Europe (1997)
N. Davies The Isles: a history (1999)
W. Hutton The state we're in (1995)
W. Wallace, 'Rescue or retreat?: the nation state in western Europe, 1945-93' Political Studies: vol.42 (1994) , special issue, pp.52-76 (copy in R/L)
D. Lane, The rise and fall of state socialism : industrial society and the socialist state (1996)
J. Klausen and L. Tilly (eds.), European integration in social and historical perspective :1850 to the present (1997)
P. Taylor, The European Union in the 1990s (1996)
N. Nugent, The government and politics of the European Union (4th edn, 1999)
T. Judt, A grand illusion: an essay on Europe (1997)
M. Donald & T. Rees (eds), Reinterpreting Revolution in Twentieth-Century Europe (2000)