Bibliography of papers and reports on saltmarsh restoration

 

Prepared by Dr. Alastair Grant, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.

4th January, 2002

 

If you have published in this field, and would like your work added to this bibliography, please email details to: A.Grant@uea.ac.uk.  I am willing to include details of material published in the “grey literature”, but please include either an email address of someone from who copies may be obtained or a location from which an electronic copy may be downloaded.

 

Return to saltmarsh restoration page

 

Able, K. W. and S. M. Hagan (2000). “Effects of common reed (Phragmites australis) invasion on marsh surface macrofauna: Response of fishes and decapod crustaceans.” Estuaries 23(5): 633-646.

Adam, P. Morecambe Bay saltmarshes: 25 years of change. British saltmarshes, Forrest Text.

Allen, E. A., P. E. Fell, et al. (1994). “Gut Contents of Common Mummichogs, Fundulus-Heteroclitus L, in a Restored Impounded Marsh and in Natural Reference Marshes.” Estuaries 17(2): 462-471.

Allen, J. R. L. Historical set-back on saltmarshes in the Severn Estuary, SW Britain. British saltmarshes, Forrest Text.

Allen, J. R. L. (2000). “Morphodynamics of Holocene salt marshes: a review sketch from the Atlantic and Southern North Sea coasts of Europe.” Quaternary Science Reviews 19(12): 1155-1231.

Allison, S. K. (1995). “Recovery from Small-Scale Anthropogenic Disturbances by Northern California Salt-Marsh Plant Assemblages.” Ecological Applications 5(3): 693-702.

Allison, S. K. (1996). “Recruitment and establishment of salt marsh plants following disturbance by flooding.” American Midland Naturalist 136(2): 232-247.

Alphin, T. D. and M. H. Posey (2000). “Long-term trends in vegetation dominance and infaunal community composition in created marshes.” Wetlands Ecology and Management 8(5): 317-325.

Anisfeld, S. C., M. Tobin, et al. (1999). “Sedimentation rates in flow-restricted and restored salt marshes in Long Island Sound.” Estuaries 22(2A): 231-244.

Anonymous (1993). Managed retreat: the National Rivers Authority perspective. Rising sea level and coastal defence, Belfast, Liverpool.

Anonymous (1995). “Tactical Retreat: The concept of managed setback.” New Civil Engineer: 22.

Anonymous (1999). “Coastal management: Managed retreat.” Csm -London- 9(2): 28.

Anonymous (2000). “Managed retreat is one possible solution to coastal flooding. But, asks Paul Ainscough, who will pay the price?” Surveyor -Sutton Then London-(5606): 14-15.

Babcock, M. M., P. M. Rounds, et al. (1994). 1991 and 1992 Recovery and Monitoring and Restoration of Intertidal Oiled Mussel (Mytilus Trossulus) Beds in Prince William Sound Impacted by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill. Bridges of science between North America and the Russian Far East: Ocean pollution in the Arctic North and the Russian Far East; proceedings from the ocean pollution session of the conference "Bridges of science between North America and the Russian Far East", Valdivostok; Russia, Washington D. C.

Barnaby, M. A., J. N. Collins, et al. (1985). “Aquatic macroinvertebrate communities of natural and ditched potholes in a San Francisco Bay salt marsh.” Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 20: 331-347.

Bartol, I. K. and R. Mann (1995). Small-scale Patterns of Recruitment on a Constructed Intertidal Reef: The Role of Spatial Refugia. Oyster reef habitat restoration: a synopsis and synthesis of approaches, Williamsburg, VA, VIMS Press.

Bartol, I. K., R. Mann, et al. (1999). “Growth and mortality of oysters (Crassostrea virginica) on constructed intertidal reefs: effects of tidal height and substrate level.” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 237(2): 157-184.

Bedford, B. L. (1999). “Cumulative effects on wetland landscapes: Links to wetland restoration in the United States and southern Canada.” Wetlands 19(4): 775-788.

Bell, S. S., M. S. Fonseca, et al. (1997). “Linking restoration and landscape ecology.” Restoration Ecology 5(4): 318-323.

Benoit, L. K. and R. A. Askins (1999). “Impact of the spread of Phragmites on the distribution of birds in Connecticut tidal marshes.” Wetlands 19(1): 194-208.

Bernhardt, K. G. and P. Handke (1992). “Successional dynamics on newly created saline marsh soils.” Ecology -Bratislava- 11(2): 139.

Beukema, J. J., E. C. Flach, et al. (1999). “A long-term study of the recovery of the macrozoobenthos on large defaunated plots on a tidal flat in the Wadden Sea.” Journal of Sea Research 42(3): 235-254.

Boesch, D. F., M. N. Josselyn, et al. (1994). “Scientific Assessment of Coastal Wetland Loss, Restoration and Management in Louisiana.” Journal of Coastal Research -Special Issue-: ALL.

Boorman, L. and J. Hazelden (1995). “New Marshes for Old: Saltmarsh Creation in Essex, England.” Ocean Challenge- Challenger Society for Marine Science 6(3): 34-37.

Boorman, L. and J. Hazelden (1995). Saltmarsh Creation and Management for Coastal Defence. Directions in European coastal management, Swansea, Cardigan.

Boorman, L. A. The functional role of saltmarshes in linking land and sea. British saltmarshes, Forrest Text.

Boyer, K. E., J. C. Callaway, et al. (2000). “Evaluating the progress of restored cordgrass (Spartina foliosa) marshes: Belowground biomass and tissue nitrogen.” Estuaries 23(5): 711-721.

Boyer, K. E. and J. B. Zedler (1996). “Damage to Cordgrass by Scale Insects in a Constructued Salt Marsh: Effects of Nitrogen Additions.” Estuaries 19(1): 1-12.

Boyer, K. E. and J. B. Zedler (1998). “Effects of nitrogen additions on the vertical structure of a constructed cordgrass marsh.” Ecological Applications 8(3): 692-705.

Boyer, K. E. and J. B. Zedler (1999). “Nitrogen Addition Could Shift Plant Community Composition in a Restored California Salt Marsh.” Restoration Ecology 7(1): 74-85.

Brawley, A. H., R. S. Warren, et al. (1998). “Bird use of restoration and reference marshes within the Barn Island Wildlife Management Area, Stonington, Connecticut, USA.” Environmental Management 22(4): 625-633.

Breaux, A. and F. Serefiddin (1999). “Validity of performance criteria and a tentative model for regulatory use in compensatory wetland mitigation permitting.” Environmental Management 24(3): 327-336.

Broome, S. W., I. A. Mendelssohn, et al. (1995). “Relative growth of Spartina patens (Ait) Muhl and Scirpus olneyi Gray occurring in a mixed stand as affected by salinity and flooding depth.” Wetlands 15(1): 20-30.

Broome, S. W., E. D. Seneca, et al. (1983). “The effects of source, rate and placement of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on growth of Spartina alterniflora transplants in North Carolina.” Estuaries 6(3): 212-226.

Broome, S. W., E. D. Seneca, et al. (1986). “Long term growth and development of transplants of the salt-marsh grass Spartina alterniflora.” Estuaries 9(1): 63-74.

Broome, S. W., E. D. Seneca, et al. (1988). “Tidal salt marsh restoration.” Aquatic Botany 32(1-2): 1-22.

Brouwer, R., S. Crooks, et al. (1998). “Towards an Integrated Framework for Wetland Ecosystem Indicators.” Cserge Gec Working Paper: ALL.

Brzezinski, L., R. Roman, et al. (1997). Site Selection and Construction Methods for Marsh Creation. Water resources planning and management: Aesthetics in the constructed environment, Houston; TX, Asce.

Burd, F. (1995). Northey Island Managed Retreat, Report 5, Results to February 1995. Peterborough, English Nature: 27.

Burd, F. (1996). Northey Island Managed Retreat, Report 6, Results to February 1996. Peterborough, English Nature: 17.

Burdick, D. M., M. Dionne, et al. (1997). “Ecological responses to tidal restorations of two northern New England salt marshes.” Wetlands Ecology and Management 4(2): 129-144.

Burdick, D. M. and F. T. Short (1999). “The effects of boat docks on eelgrass beds in coastal waters of Massachusetts.” Environmental Management 23(2): 231-240.

Burt, T. N., I. C. Cruickshank, et al. (1996). Tidal barrages - learning from experience. Barrages: engineering, design and environmental impacts, Cardiff, Chichester.

Buzzelli, C. P., R. L. Wetzel, et al. (1999). “A linked physical and biological framework to assess biogeochemical dynamics in a shallow estuarine ecosystem.” Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 49(6): 829-851.

Callaway, J. C. and J. B. Zedler (1998). “Interactions between a salt marsh native perennial (Salicornia virginica) and an exotic annual (Polypogon monspeliensis) under varied salinity and hydroperiod.” Wetlands Ecology and Management 5(3): 179-194.

Callaway, J. C., J. B. Zedler, et al. (1997). “Using tidal salt marsh mesocosms to aid wetland restoration.” Restoration Ecology 5(2): 135-146.

Cammen, L. M. (1976). “Macroinvertebrate colonization of Spartina marshes artificailly established on dredge spoil.” Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 4: 357-372.

Chang, Y. H., M. D. Scrimshaw, et al. (1998). “Geostatistical analysis of sampling uncertainty at the Tollesbury Managed Retreat site in Blackwater Estuary, Essex, UK: Kriging and cokriging approach to minimise sampling density.” Science of the Total Environment 221(1): 43-57.

Cheney, D., R. Oestman, et al. (1991). Creation of rocky intertidal and shallow subtidal habitats to mitigate for the construction of a large marina in Puget Sound, Washington. Aquatic habitat enhancement, Long Beach; CA, Allen Press Inc.

Cheney, D., R. Oestman, et al. (1994). “Creation of rocky intertidal and shallow subtidal habitats to mitigate for the construction of a large marina in Puget Sound, Washington.” Bulletin of Marine Science -Miami- 55(2/3): 772.

Clarke, D. G., G. L. Ray, et al. (1993). Benthic Recovery on Experimental Dredged Material Disposal Mounds in Galveston Bay, Texas. 2nd State of the Bay symposium, Galveston; TX [unconfirmed], [np].

Clifton, J., P. McDonald, et al. Radionuclide concentration and sediment composition in Irish Sea saltmarsh sediments. British saltmarshes, Forrest Text.

Coastal and Estuarine Research Unit (2000). Foreshore recharge for restoration of eroded intertidal profiles: Shotley Point mud placement.  Monitoring and Evauation Year 3 (Results to August 2000). London, Department of Geography, University College London.

Coates, T. and H. R. Wallingford (1996). Beach management breakwaters on open coastlines - A review of recent research. River and coastal engineers: Proceedings to the 31st MAFF, Keele, Maff.

Coen, L. D., D. M. Knott, et al. (1995). South Carolina Intertidal Oyster Reef Studies: Design, Sampling and Focus for Evaluating Habitat Value and Function. Oyster reef habitat restoration: a synopsis and synthesis of approaches, Williamsburg, VA, VIMS Press.

Coen, L. D., E. L. Wenner, et al. (1996). Intertidal oyster reef habitat assessment and restoration: Evaluating habitat use, development and function. Shellfish restoration, Hilton Head Island; SC, National Shellfisheries Association.

Craft, C. (2000). “Co-development of wetland soils and benthic invertebrate communities following salt marsh creation.” Wetlands Ecology and Management 8(2/3): 197-207.

Craft, C., J. Reader, et al. (1999). “Twenty-five years of ecosystem development of constructed Spartina alterniflora (Loisel) marshes.” Ecological Applications 9(4): 1405-1419.

Craft, C. B., S. W. Broome, et al. (1988). “Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Organic-Carbon Pools in Natural and Transplanted Marsh Soils.” Estuaries 11(4): 272-280.

Craft, C. B., S. W. Broome, et al. (1989). “Exchange of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Organic-Carbon between Transplanted Marshes and Estuarine Waters.” Journal of Environmental Quality 18(2): 206-211.

Craft, C. B., S. W. Broome, et al. (1988). “Estimating Sources of Soil Organic-Matter in Natural and Transplanted Estuarine Marshes Using Stable Isotopes of Carbon and Nitrogen.” Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 26(6): 633-641.

Craft, C. B. and C. J. Richardson (1995). Wetland evolutionary development and nutrient removal efficiency: what we can learn from created, restored and natural wetlands? Nutrient cycling and retention in wetlands and their use for wastewater treatment, Trebon; Czech Republic, Prague.

Craft, C. B., E. D. Seneca, et al. (1991). “Porewater Chemistry of Natural and Created Marsh Soils.” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 152(2): 187-200.

Crooks, S. (1998). A mechanism for the formation of overconsolidated horizons within estuarine floodplain alluvium: implications for the interpretation of Holocene sea-level curves. Floodplains: interdisciplinary approaches, Norwich, Bath.

Crooks, S. and L. Ledoux (1999). “Mitigation Banking as a Tool for Strategic Coastal Zone Management: A UK Perspective.” Cserge Gec Working Paper: ALL.

Crooks, S. and L. Ledoux (2000). “Mitigation Banking: Potential applications in the UK.” Environmental and Waste Management 3(4): 215-222.

Crooks, S. and K. Pye (2000). “Sedimentological controls on the erosion and morphology of saltmarshes: implications for flood defence and habitat recreation.” Special Publication- Geological Society of London 175: 207-222.

Crooks, S. and R. K. Turner (1999). “Integrated Coastal Management: Sustaining Estuarine Natural Resources.” Advances in Ecological Research 29: 241-289.

Cunha, M. R., M. H. Moreira, et al. (2000). “The amphipod Corophium multisetosum (Corophiidae) in Ria de Aveiro (NW Portugal). II. Abundance, biomass and production.” Marine Biology 137(4): 651-660.

Cuperus, R., M. Bakermans, et al. (2001). “Ecological compensation in Dutch highway planning.” Environmental Management 27(1): 75-89.

Cuperus, R., K. J. Canters, et al. (1999). “Guidelines for ecological compensation associated with highways.” Biological Conservation 90(1): 41-51.

Dagley, J. R. (1995). Northey Island: Managed retreat scheme, Results of botanical monitoring 1991 to 1994, English Nature: 94.

Darbyshire, E. J. and J. R. West (1993). Turbulence and Cohesive Sediment Transport in the Parrett Estuary. Turbulence - Perspectives on Flow and Sediment Transport: 215-247.

Davis, R. C., F. T. Short, et al. (1998). “Quantifying the effects of green crab damage to eelgrass transplants.” Restoration Ecology 6(3): 297-302.

Davy, A. J., C. S. B. Costa, et al. Biotic interactions in plant communities of saltmarshes. British saltmarshes, Forrest Text.

Dawe, N. K., G. E. Bradfield, et al. (2000). “Marsh creation in a northern Pacific estuary: Is thirteen years of monitoring vegetation dynamics enough?” Conservation Ecology 4(2): 12.

Day, J. W., J. Rybczyk, et al. (1999). “Soil accretionary dynamics, sea-level rise and the survival of wetlands in Venice Lagoon: A field and modelling approach.” Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 49(5): 607-628.

Day, J. W., F. Scarton, et al. (1998). “Rapid deterioration of a salt marsh in Venice Lagoon, Italy.” Journal of Coastal Research 14(2): 583-590.

Day, S., W. J. Streever, et al. (1999). “An Experimental Assessment of Slag as a Substrate for Mangrove Rehabilitation.” Restoration Ecology 7(2): 139-144.

de Brouwer, J. F. C., S. Bjelic, et al. (2000). “Interplay between biology and sedimentology in a mudflat (Biezelingse Ham, Westerschelde, The Netherlands).” Continental Shelf Research 20(10-11): 1159-1177.

Delaney, T. P., J. W. Webb, et al. (2000). “Comparison of physical characteristics between created and natural estuarine marshes in Galveston Bay, Texas.” Wetlands Ecology and Management 8(5): 343-352.

Desmond, J. S., J. B. Zedler, et al. (2000). “Fish use of tidal creek habitats in two southern California salt marshes.” Ecological Engineering 14(3): 233 - 252.

Desprez, M. (2000). “Physical and biological impact of marine aggregate extraction along the French coast of the Eastern English Channel: short- and long-term post-dredging restoration.” Ices Journal of Marine Science 57(5): 1428-1438.

Dionne, M., F. T. Short, et al. (1998). Fish Utilization of Restored, Created, and Reference Salt-Marsh Habitat in the Gulf of Maine. Sea grant symposium on fish habitat: essential fish habitat and rehabilitation; Fish habitat, Hartford, CT, Bethesda MD.

Dixon, A. M., D. J. Leggett, et al. (1998). “Habitat Creation Opportunities for Landward Coastal Re-alignment.” Water and Environmental Management 12(2): 107-112.

Dyer, K. R., M. C. Christie, et al. (2000). “The classification of intertidal mudflats.” Continental Shelf Research 20(10-11): 1039-1060.

Ehrenfeld, J. G. (2000). “Defining the limits of restoration: The need for realistic goals.” Restoration Ecology 8(1): 2-9.

Ehrenfeld, J. G. and L. A. Toth (1997). “Restoration ecology and the ecosystem perspective.” Restoration Ecology 5(4): 307-317.

Ellis, D. V. and V. I. Macdonald (1998). “Rapid preliminary assessment of seabed biodiversity for the marine and coastal mining industries.” Marine Georesources & Geotechnology 16(4): 307-319.

Emmerson, M. (2000). “Remedial habitat creation: does Nereis diversicolor play a confounding role in the colonisation and establishment of the pioneering saltmarsh plant, Spartina anglica?” Helgoland Marine Research 54; NUMB 2/3: 110-116.

Emmerson, R. H., J. W. Birkett, et al. (2000). “Solid phase partitioning of metals in managed retreat soils: field changes over the first year of tidal inundation.” Science of the Total Environment 254(1): 75-92.

Emmerson, R. H. C., J. M. A. Manatunge, et al. (1997). “Tidal Exchanges between Orplands Managed Retreat Site and the Blackwater Estuary, Essex.” Water and Environmental Management 11(5): 363-372.

Emmerson, R. H. C., S. B. O'Reilly-Wiese, et al. (1997). “A Multivariate Assessment of Metal Distribution in Inter-tidal Sediments of the Blackwater Estuary, UK.” Marine Pollution Bulletin 34(11): 960-968.

Environment Agency (1999). Monitoring foreshore recharge works, Essex 1998-2002, Contract 0031, Post-placement monitoring studies 1999.

Environment Agency (1999). Results of post breach monitoring of Orplands coastal realignment site.

Erwin, R. M., J. S. Hatfield, et al. (1994). “Waterbird Use of Saltmarsh Ponds Created for Open Marsh Water Management.” Journal of Wildlife Management 58(3): 516.

Esenwein, R., T. Koenig, et al. (1997). Demonstration Marsh Permitting Issues. Water resources planning and management: Aesthetics in the constructed environment, Houston; TX, Asce.

Evans, P. R., R. M. Ward, et al. (2000). Seal Sands Northwest enclosure intertidal habitat re-creation: Invertebrate re-colonization and use by wildfowl and shorebirds, 1997-2000. Durham, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Durham: 14.

Evans, P. R., R. M. Ward, et al. (1998). “Creation of temperate-climate intertidal mudflats: Factors affecting colonization and use by benthic invertebrates and their bird predators.” Marine Pollution Bulletin 37(8-12): 535-545.

Fell, P. E., K. A. Murphy, et al. (1991). “Reestablishment of Melampus-Bidentatus (Say) and Other Macroinvertebrates on a Restored Impounded Tidal Marsh - Comparison of Populations above and Below the Impoundment Dike.” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 152(1): 33-48.

Fell, P. E., S. P. Weissbach, et al. (1998). “Does invasion of oligohaline tidal marshes by reed grass, Phragmites australis (Cav) Trin ex Steud, affect the availability of prey resources for the mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus L?” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 222(1-2): 59-77.

Finlayson, C. M., M. J. Storrs, et al. (1997). “Degradation and rehabilitation of wetlands in the Alligator Rivers Region of northern Australia.” Wetlands Ecology and Management 5(1): 19-36.

Fish, J. D., S. Fish, et al. The biology of mud snails with particular reference to Hydrobia ulvae. British saltmarshes, Forrest Text.

Fisher, K., H. R. Wallingford, et al. (1996). Monitoring of Fisheries on the River Blackwater. Habitat hydraulics, Quebec; Canada, Institut national de la recherche scientifique - eau.

Flemer, D. A., B. F. Ruth, et al. (1997). “Macrobenthic community colonization and community development in dredged material disposal habitats off coastal Louisiana.” Environmental Pollution 96(2): 141-154.

Fleming, T. S., T. Fredette, et al. (1991). Beneficial Uses of Dredged Material.  Intertidal habitat creation, Jonesport, Maine, United States Army Engineer Division, New England, Waltham, MA: 21.

Flynn, M. N., Y. Wakabara, et al. (1998). “Macrobenthic associations of the lower and upper marshes of a tidal flat colonized by Spartina alterniflora in Cananeia Lagoon estuarine region.” Bulletin of Marine Science 63(2): 427-442.

Fong, P., K. E. Boyer, et al. (1996). “Salinity stress, nitrogen competition, and facilitation: what controls seasonal succession of two opportunistic green macroalgae?” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 206(1/2): 203-222.

Fong, P., K. E. Boyer, et al. (1998). “Developing an indicator of nutrient enrichment in coastal estuaries and lagoons using tissue nitrogen content of the opportunistic alga, Enteromorpha intestinalis (L. Link).” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 231(1): 63-80.

Fong, P., R. M. Donohoe, et al. (1993). “Competition with macroalgae and benthic cyanobacterial mats limits phytoplankton abundance in experimental microcosms.” Marine Ecology- Progress Series 100(1/2): 97.

Fong, P. and J. B. Zedler (1993). “Temperature and light effects on the seasonal succession of algal communities in shallow coastal lagoons.” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 171(2): 259.

Fong, P., J. B. Zedler, et al. (1993). “Nitrogen vs. phosphorus limitation of algal biomass in shallow coastal lagoons.” Limnology and Oceanography 38(5): 906.

Fonseca, M. S., B. E. Julius, et al. (2000). “Integrating biology and economics in seagrass restoration: How much is enough and why?” Ecological Engineering 15(3-4): 227-237.

Fonseca, M. S., W. J. Kenworthy, et al. (1990). “Comparison of Fauna among Natural and Transplanted Eelgrass Zostera-Marina Meadows - Criteria for Mitigation.” Marine Ecology-Progress Series 65(3): 251-264.

Foster, W. A. Coping with the tides: adaptations of insects and arachnids from British saltmarshes. British saltmarshes, Forrest Text.

Fredette, T. J. (1997). DAMOS: Twenty Years of Dredged Material Disposal Site Monitoring. Isn't that Enough? International ocean pollution symposium, Fort Pierce; FL, Gordon and Breach.

Fredette, T. J. (1998). “DAMOS: Twenty Years of Dredged Material Disposal Site Monitoring. Isn't that Enough?” Chemistry and Ecology 14/15(3-4/1-3): 231-240.

French, C. E., J. R. French, et al. (1999). Abandoned reclamations as analogues for sea defence re- alignment. Coastal Sediments '99, Vols 1-3: 1912-1926.

French, C. E., J. R. French, et al. (2000). “Sedimentation-erosion dynamics of abandoned reclamations: the role of waves and tides.” Continental Shelf Research 20(12-13): 1711-1733.

French, J. R. (1991). Eustatic and Neotectonic Controls on Salt-Marsh Sedimentation. Coastal Sediments 91, Vol 2: 1223-1236.

French, J. R. (1993). “Numerical-Simulation of Vertical Marsh Growth and Adjustment to Accelerated Sea-Level Rise, North Norfolk, Uk.” Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 18(1): 63-81.

French, J. R. (2000). “Coastal defence and Earth Science conservation.” Geographical Journal 166: 280-281.

French, J. R. and N. J. Clifford (1992). “Characteristics and Event-Structure of near-Bed Turbulence in a Macrotidal Salt-Marsh Channel.” Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 34(1): 49-69.

French, J. R. and N. J. Clifford (2000). “Hydrodynamic modelling as a basis for explaining estuarine environmental dynamics: some computational and methodological issues.” Hydrological Processes 14(11-12): 2089-2108.

French, J. R., N. J. Clifford, et al. (1993). High-Frequency Flow and Suspended Sediment Measurements in a Tidal Wetland Channel. Turbulence - Perspectives on Flow and Sediment Transport: 249-277.

French, J. R. and T. Spencer (1993). “Dynamics of Sedimentation in a Tide-Dominated Backbarrier Salt- Marsh, Norfolk, Uk.” Marine Geology 110(3-4): 315-331.

French, J. R., T. Spencer, et al. (1995). “Geostatistical Analysis of Sediment Deposition in 2 Small Tidal Wetlands, Norfolk, Uk.” Journal of Coastal Research 11(2): 308-321.

French, J. R., T. Spencer, et al. (1995). “Editorial Geomorphic Response to Sea-Level Rise - Existing Evidence and Future Impacts.” Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 20(1): 1-6.

French, J. R. and D. R. Stoddart (1992). “Hydrodynamics of Salt-Marsh Creek Systems - Implications for Marsh Morphological Development and Material Exchange.” Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 17(3): 235-252.

French, J. R., C. J. Watson, et al. (1999). Stability of dredged silt placed on an eroding estuarine foreshore. Coastal Sediments '99, Vols 1-3: 2520-2533.

French, P. W. (1999). “Managed retreat: a natural analogue from the Medway estuary, UK.” Ocean and Coastal Management 42(1): 49-62.

Galatowitsch, S. M. and A. G. vanderValk (1996). “Vegetation and environmental conditions in recently restored wetlands in the prairie pothole region of the USA.” Vegetatio 126(1): 89-99.

Giani, L. and A. Landt (2000). “Initial marsh soil development from brackish sediments.” Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science-Zeitschrift Fur Pflanzenernahrung Und Bodenkunde 163(5): 549-553.

Gibson, K. D., J. B. Zedler, et al. (1994). “Limited Response of Cordgrass (Spartina-Foliosa) to Soil Amendments in a Constructed Marsh.” Ecological Applications 4(4): 757-767.

Goodfriend, W. L. (1998). “Microbial community patterns of potential substrate utilization: A comparison of salt marsh, sand dune, and seawater-irrigated agronomic systems.” Soil Biology & Biochemistry 30(8-9): 1169-1176.

Goodwin, P. (1996). “Predicting the Stability of Tidal Inlets for Wetland and Estuary Management.” Journal of Coastal Research -Special Issue-: 83-102.

Grant, A. and R. N. Millward (1997). Detecting community responses to pollution. Responses of Marine Organisms to Their Environment, Proceedings of the 30th European Marine Biology Symposium,, Southampton, University of Southampton.

Grayson, J. E., M. G. Chapman, et al. (1999). “The assessment of restoration of habitat in urban wetlands.” Landscape and Urban Planning 43(4): 227-236.

Guida, V. G. and I. J. Kugelman (1988). Experiments in Wastewater Polishing in Constructed Tidal Marshes: Does It Work? Are the Results Predictable? Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment, Chattanooga; TN, Lewis.

Gwin, S. E., M. E. Kentula, et al. (1999). “Evaluating the effects of wetland regulation through hydrogeomorphic classification and landscape profiles.” Wetlands 19(3): 477-489.

Hackney, C. T. (2000). “Restoration of coastal habitats: expectation and reality.” Ecological Engineering 15(3-4): 165-170.

Haltiner, J., J. B. Zedler, et al. (1997). “Influence of physical processes on the design, functioning and evolution of restored tidal wetlands in California (USA).” Wetlands Ecology and Management 4(2): 73-92.

Han, M. W. and Y. C. Park (1999). “The development of anoxia in the artificial Lake Shihwa, Korea, as a consequence of intertidal reclamation.” Marine Pollution Bulletin 38(12): 1194-1199.

Harris, T. The habitat preferences of Scrobicularia plana (da Costa), (Lamellibranchia: Tellinacea), within the saltmarsh of the River Otter estuary at Budleigh Salterton, Devon, UK. British saltmarshes, Forrest Text.

Harvey, H. J. (1995). “The National Trust and nature conservation: Prospects for the future.” Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 56: 231-248.

Hasen, M., A. C. Onuekwusi, et al. (1997). Geotechnical Design of Created Marsh. Water resources planning and management: Aesthetics in the constructed environment, Houston; TX, Asce.

Havens, K. J., L. M. Varnell, et al. (1995). “An assessment of ecological conditions in a constructed tidal marsh and two natural reference tidal marshes in coastal Virginia.” Ecological Engineering 4(2): 117.

Hazelden, J. (1995). Soils and Managed Retreat at Tollesbury, Essex. Saltmarsh research seminar, Bristol.

Hey, D. L., K. R. Barrett, et al. (1994). “The Hydrology of 4 Experimental Constructed Marshes.” Ecological Engineering 3(4): 319-343.

Homziak, J., M. S. Fonseca, et al. (1982). “Macrobenthic Community Structure in a Transplanted Eelgrass (Zostera-Marina) Meadow.” Marine Ecology-Progress Series 9(3): 211-221.

Horrocks, R. (1994). Managed Retreat: The Devil or the Deep Blue Sea? Wetlands: archaeology and nature conservation, Bristol, Hmso.

Howington, T. M., M. T. Brown, et al. (1997). “Effect of hydrologic subsidy on self-organization of a constructed wetland in Central Florida.” Ecological Engineering 9(3-4): 137-156.

Hsieh, H. L. and C. F. Hsu (1999). “Differential recruitment of annelids onto tidal elevations in an estuarine mud flat.” Marine Ecology-Progress Series 177: 93-102.

Hughes, R. G. (1997). Saltmarsh Erosion and Management of Saltmarsh Restoration: The Effects of Infaunal Invertebrates. Restoration of aquatic systems, Newcastle upon Tyne, Wiley.

Hughes, R. G. (1999). “Saltmarsh Erosion and Management of Saltmarsh Restoration: The Effects of Infaunal Invertebrates.” Aquatic Conservation 9(1): 83-96.

Hughes, R. G. (2001). “Biological and Physical processes that affect saltmarsh erosion and saltmarsh restoration: development of hypotheses.” Ecological Studies 151: In Press.

Inglin, D. C. and T. J. Fredette (1995). “The DAMOS Database Interface: A Tool for Managing Dredged Material Disposal Sites.” Coastal Zone: 365.

Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Studies (1992). Northey Island Managed Retreat, Report 2, August 1991 to January 1992. Peterborough, English Nature: 26.

Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Studies (1993). Northey Island Managed Retreat, Report 3. Peterborough, English Nature: 20.

Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Studies (1994). Northey Island Managed Retreat, Report 4, Overview to February 1994. Peterborough, English Nature: 31.

Irlandi, E. A. and M. K. Crawford (1997). “Habitat linkages: the effect of intertidal saltmarshes and adjacent subtidal habitats on abundance, movement, and growth of an estuarine fish.” Oecologia 110(2): 222-230.

Jackson, P. L. (1991). “Managing Oregon Estuarine Resource Lands.” Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 46(1): 23-26.

James, M. L. and J. B. Zedler (2000). “Dynamics of Wetland and Upland Subshrubs at the Salt Marsh-Coastal Sage Scrub Ecotone.” American Midland Naturalist 143(2): 298-311.

Jarman, R. A. (1995). “Ecological restoration: The end of status quo-ism in the National Trust?” Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 56: 213-215.

Jayasiri, H. B., J. K. Rajapaksha, et al. (1998). “The Mundel Lake estuarine system, sri lanka possible measures to avoid extreme salinity and sea level variations.” Ambio 27(8): 745-751.

Jeoung Gyu, L., W. Nishijima, et al. (1998). “Factors to determine the functions and structures in natural and constructed tidal flats.” Water Research 32(9): 2601-2606.

Jeoung Gyu, L., W. Nishijima, et al. (1998). “Quantification of Purification Ability for Organic Matter at Natural and Constructed Tidal Flats and the Role for Purification in Hiroshima Bay.” Journal- Japan Society on Water Environment 21(3; ISSUE 197): 149-156.

Johnson, D. E. (2000). “Ecological Restoration Options for the Lymington/Keyhaven Saltmarshes.” Water and Environmental Management 14(2): 111-116.

Jordan, W. R. (1998). “Interview with Joy Zedler.” Restoration and Management Notes 16(1): 16-21.

Kadlec, R. H. (1995). “Overview: Surface flow constructed wetlands.” Water Science and Technology 32(3): 1-12.

Kentula, M. E. (2000). “Perspectives on setting success criteria for wetland restoration.” Ecological Engineering 15(3-4): 199-209.

Klein, R. (1997). The economic value of recreation as an argument against managed retreat: Cley marshes nature reserve, North Norfolk. Proceedings of the 32nd MAFF conference of river and coastal engineers, Keele, Maff.

Klein, R. J. T. and I. J. Bateman (1998). “The Recreational Value of Cley Marshes Nature Reserve: An Argument Against Managed Retreat?” Water and Environmental Management 12(4): 280-285.

Kneib, R. T. (1984). “Patterns of Invertebrate Distribution and Abundance in the Intertidal Salt-Marsh - Causes and Questions.” Estuaries 7(4A): 392-412.

Knott, D. M., E. L. Wenner, et al. (1997). “Effects of pipeline construction on the vegetation and macrofauna of two South Carolina, USA salt marshes.” Wetlands 17(1): 65-81.

Kraus, M. L. and J. H. Crow (1985). “Substrate Characteristics Associated with the Distribution of the Ribbed Mussel, Geukensia-Demissa (Modiolus-Demissus), on a Tidal Creek Bank in Southern New-Jersey.” Estuaries 8(2B): 237-243.

Krogh, M. G. and S. H. Schweitzer (1999). “Least Terns nesting on natural and artificial habitats in Georgia, USA.” Waterbirds 22(2): 290-296.

Kuhn, N. L. and J. B. Zedler (1997). “Differential Effects of Salinity and Soil Saturation on Native and Exotic Plants of a Coastal Salt Marsh.” Estuaries 20(2): 391-403.

Kurland, J. M. (1996). Two attempts at intertidal shellfish habitat mitigation in New England. Shellfish restoration, Hilton Head Island; SC, National Shellfisheries Association.

Kusakin, O. G., M. B. Ivanova, et al. (1999). “Partial Restoration of Intertidal Biota in Krabovaya Bay (Shikotan Island) in the Course of Self-Cleaning.” Russian Journal of Marine Biology C/C of Biologiia Moria 25(2): 150-151.

Kussakin, O. G., M. B. Ivanova, et al. (1999). “Restoration of Rocky Intertidal Communities after Submergence of the Sea Shore as a Result of an Earthquake.” Doklady Biological Sciences Section C/C of Doklady- Akademiia Nauk Sssr 366: 311-313.

Kwak, T. J. and J. B. Zedler (1997). “Food web analysis of southern California coastal wetlands using multiple stable isotopes.” Oecologia 110(2): 262-277.

Lambert, R. Practical management of grazed saltmarshes. British saltmarshes, Forrest Text.

Landin, M. C., J. Brooke, et al. (1999). Saltmarsh Restoration in the United Kingdom Using Manipulations and Dredged Material. Western Dredging Association; thirty-first Texas A&M dredging seminar, Louisville, KY, College Station TX.

Landin, M. C., E. J. Clairain, et al. (1989). “Wetland Habitat Development and Long-Term Monitoring at Windmill-Point, Virginia.” Wetlands 9(1): 13-25.

Langis, R., M. Zalejko, et al. (1991). “Nitrogen Assessments in a Constructed and a Natural Salt-Marsh of San-Diego Bay.” Ecological Applications 1(1): 40-51.

Lasalle, M. W., M. C. Landin, et al. (1991). “Evaluation of the Flora and Fauna of a Spartina-Alterniflora Marsh Established on Dredged Material in Winyah Bay, South- Carolina.” Wetlands 11(2): 191-208.

Ledoux, L., S. Crooks, et al. (2000). “Implementing EU biodiversity policy: A UK case study.” Cserge Gec Working Paper: ALL.

Ledoux, L., S. Crooks, et al. (2000). “Implementing EU biodiversity policy: UK experiences.” Land Use Policy 17(4): 257-268.

Lee, H. J., Y. S. Chu, et al. (1999). “Sedimentary processes of fine-grained material and the effect of seawall construction in the Daeho macrotidal flat-nearshore area, northern west coast of Korea.” Marine Geology 157(3-4): 171-184.

Lee, J. G., W. Nishijima, et al. (1997). “Comparison for Structure and Functions of Organic Matter Degradation at Natural and Constructed Tidal Flats - A case study in Hiroshima bay.” Journal- Japan Society on Water Environment 20(3; ISSUE 185): 175-184.

Lee, J. G., W. Nishijima, et al. (1998). “Factors to determine the functions and structures in natural and constructed tidal flats.” Water Research 32(9): 2601-2606.

Levin, L. A., D. Talley, et al. (1996). “Succession of macrobenthos in a created salt marsh.” Marine Ecology-Progress Series 141(1-3): 67-82.

Levin, L. A., T. S. Talley, et al. (1998). “Macrobenthos of Spartina foliosa (Pacific cordgrass) salt marshes in southern California: Community structure and comparison to a Pacific mudflat and a Spartina alterniflora (Atlantic smooth cordgrass) marsh.” Estuaries 21(1): 129-144.

Levings, C. D. and D. J. H. Nishimura (1996). “Created and restored sedge marshes in the lower Fraser River and estuary: An evaluation of their functioning as fish habitat.” Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences: ALL.

Levings, C. D. and D. J. H. Nishimura (1997). “Created and Restored Marshes in the Lower Fraser River, British Columbia: Summary of their Functioning as Fish Habitat.” Water Quality Research Journal of Canada 32(3): 599-618.

Lindau, C. W. and L. R. Hossner (1981). “Substrate Characterization of an Experimental Marsh and 3 Natural Marshes.” Soil Science Society of America Journal 45(6): 1171-1176.

Lindig-Cisneros, R. and J. B. Zedler (2000). “Restoring Urban Habitats: A Comparative Study.” Ecological Restoration North America 18(3): 184-192.

Lu, L. and R. S. S. Wu (2000). “An experimental study on recolonization and succession of marine macrobenthos in defaunated sediment.” Marine Biology 136(2): 291-302.

Lunz, J. D., M. C. Landin, et al. (1985). “Influence of Scientific and Engineering Research on the Managements.” Estuaries 8(2B): A60-A60.

Macleod, C. L., M. D. Scrimshaw, et al. (1999). “Geochemical Changes in Metal and Nutrient Loading at Orplands Farm Managed Retreat Site, Essex, UK (April 1995-1997).” Marine Pollution Bulletin 38(12): 1115-1125.

Maddrell, R. J. (1996). “Managed coastal retreat, reducing flood risks and protection costs, Dungeness Nuclear Power Station, UK.” Coastal Engineering -Amsterdam- 28(1/4): 1-16.

Maddrell, R. J. and B. Osmond (1999). The changing flood risk requirements and the managed retreat policy-Dungeness nuclear power station and how it might be applied elsewhere. Coastal management: integrating science, engineering and management, Bristol, Thomas Telford.

Marton, D. (1998). “New Life for the Shoreline: Two salt-marsh restoration projects by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation set a new standard.” Landscape Architecture 88(10): 82-90.

Matsil, M. (1995). “On the Evolution of an Oil Spill Remediation Plan - Facts & Fiction of Restoration, Research & Monitoring of an Urban Intertidal Salt Marsh.” Coastal Zone: 23.

Matsil, M. (1995). On the Evolution of an Oil Spill Remediation Plan-Facts & Fiction of Restoration, Research & Monitoring of an Urban Intertidal Salt Marsh. Coastal zone '95, Tampa; FL, The Society.

Melvin, S. L. and J. W. Webb (1998). “Differences in the avian communities of natural and created Spartina alterniflora salt marshes.” Wetlands 18(1): 59-69.

Mesleard, F., P. Grillas, et al. (1992). Restoration of seasonally-flooded marshes in abandoned ricefields in the Camargue (southern France) - preliminary results on vegetation and use by ducks. The role of vegetation in created and restored wetland, Columbus; OH, Elsevier.

Mesleard, F., P. Grillas, et al. (1995). “Restoration of seasonally-flooded marshes in abandoned ricefields in the Camargue (southern France) - preliminary results on vegetation and use by ducks.” Ecological Engineering 5(1): 95.

Metzker, K. D. and W. J. Mitsch (1997). “Modelling self-design of the aquatic community in a newly created freshwater wetland.” Ecological Modelling 100; ISSUE 1-3: 61-86.

Meyer, D. L., M. S. Fonseca, et al. (1993). An Examination of Created Marsh and Seagrass Utilization by Living Marine Resources. Coastal zone '93, New Orleans; LA, New York NY.

Meyer, D. L., M. S. Fonseca, et al. (1993). “An Examination of Created Marsh and Seagrass Utilization by Living Marine Resources.” Coastal Zone: 1858.

Meyer, D. L., G. W. Thayer, et al. (1996). The function of created intertidal oyster reefs as habitat for fauna and marsh stabilization, and the potential use of geotextile on oyster reef construction. Shellfish restoration, Hilton Head Island; SC, National Shellfisheries Association.

Meyer, D. L., E. C. Townsend, et al. (1997). “Stabilization and Erosion Control Value of Oyster Cultch for Intertidal Marsh.” Restoration Ecology 5(1): 93-99.

Miller, J. A. and C. A. Simenstad (1997). “A comparative assessment of a natural and created estuarine slough as rearing habitat for juvenile chinook and coho salmon.” Estuaries 20(4): 792-806.

Minello, T. J. and J. W. Webb (1993). The Development of Fishery Habitat Value in Created Salt Marshes. Coastal zone '93, New Orleans; LA, New York NY.

Minello, T. J. and J. W. Webb (1993). “The Development of Fishery Habitat Value in Created Salt Marshes.” Coastal Zone: 1864.

Minello, T. J. and J. W. Webb (1997). “Use of natural and created Spartina alterniflora salt marshes by fishery species and other aquatic fauna in Galveston Bay, Texas, USA.” Marine Ecology-Progress Series 151(1-3): 165-179.

Minello, T. J. and R. J. Zimmerman (1992). “Utilization of Natural and Transplanted Texas Salt Marshes by Fish and Decapod Crustaceans.” Marine Ecology-Progress Series 90(3): 273-285.

Minello, T. J., R. J. Zimmerman, et al. (1994). “The importance of edge for natant macrofauna in a created salt marsh.” Wetlands -Wilmington-: 184.

Mitsch, W. J. and R. F. Wilson (1996). “Improving the success of wetland creation and restoration with know-how, time, and self-design.” Ecological Applications 6(1): 77-83.

Moeller, I., T. Spencer, et al. (1996). “Wild wave attenuation over saltmarsh surfaces: Preliminary results from Norfolk, England.” Journal of Coastal Research 12(4): 1009-1016.

Moller, I., T. Spencer, et al. (1999). “Wave transformation over salt marshes: A field and numerical modelling study from north Norfolk, England.” Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 49(3): 411-426.

Moy, L. D. and L. A. Levin (1991). “Are Spartina Marshes a Replaceable Resource - a Functional- Approach to Evaluation of Marsh Creation Efforts.” Estuaries 14(1): 1-16.

Murray, P., T. Fredette, et al. (1998). Monitoring Results from the Boston Harbor Navigation Improvement Project Confined Aquatic Disposal Cell. World dredging congress, Las Vegas; NV, [np].

Nash, R. D. M. and A. J. Geffen (2000). “The influence of nursery ground processes in the determination of year-class strength in juvenile plaice Pleuronectes platessa L. in Port Erin Bay, Irish Sea.” Journal of Sea Research 44(1-2): 101-110.

Nedwell, D. B. Saltmarshes as processors of nutrients in estuaries. British saltmarshes, Forrest Text.

Newell, R. C., D. R. Hitchcock, et al. (1999). “Organic Enrichment Associated with Outwash from Marine Aggregates Dredging: A Probable Explanation for Surface Sheens and Enhanced Benthic Production in the Vicinity of Dredging Operations.” Marine Pollution Bulletin 38(9): 809-818.

Newell, R. C., L. J. Seiderer, et al. (1998). “The impact of dredging works in coastal waters: a review of the sensitivity to disturbance and subsequent recovery of biological resources on the sea bed.” Oceanography and Marine Biology 36: 127-178.

Noe, G. B. and J. B. Zedler (2000). “Differential effects of four abiotic factors on the germination of salt marsh annuals.” American Journal of Botany 87(11): 1679-1692.

Noji, C. I. M. and T. T. Noji (1991). “Tube Lawns of Spionid Polychaetes and Their Significance for Recolonization of Disturbed Benthic Substrates.” Meeresforschung-Reports on Marine Research 33(4): 235-246.

Norris, K. The conservation and management of saltmarshes for birds. British saltmarshes, Forrest Text.

Nyden, B. B., D. A. Stow, et al. (1996). Tracking an Invasive Plant Species in a Southern California Wetland Using High Resolution Digital Multispectral Imagery. International airborne remote sensing conference, San Francisco; CA, Environmental Research Institute of Michigan.

O'Beirn, F. X., M. W. Luckenbach, et al. (2000). “Toward design criteria in constructed oyster reefs: Oyster recruitment as a function of substrate type and tidal height.” Journal of Shellfish Research 19(1): 387-395.

Orson, R. A. (1996). “Some applications of paleoecology to the management of tidal marshes.” Estuaries 19(2A): 238-246.

Padgett, D. E. and J. L. Brown (1999). “Effects of drainage and soil organic content on growth of Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae) in an artificial salt marsh mesocosm.” American Journal of Botany 86(5): 697-702.

Padgett, D. E., C. B. Rogerson, et al. (1998). “Effects of soil drainage on vertical distribution of subsurface tissues in the salt marsh macrophyte Spartina alterniflora Lois.” Wetlands 18(1): 35-41.

Palmer, M. A., R. F. Ambrose, et al. (1997). “Ecological theory and community restoration ecology.” Restoration Ecology 5(4): 291-300.

Parsons, L. S. and J. B. Zedler (1997). “Factors affecting reestablishment of an endangered annual plant at a California salt marsh.” Ecological Applications 7(1): 253-267.

Pastorok, R. A., A. MacDonald, et al. (1997). “An ecological decision framework for environmental restoration projects.” Ecological Engineering 9(1-2): 89-107.

Patchineelam, S. M., B. Kjerfve, et al. (1999). “A preliminary sediment budget for the Winyah Bay estuary, South Carolina, USA.” Marine Geology 162(1): 133-144.

Paterson, D. M. and K. S. Black Temporal variability in the critical erosion threshold of saltmarsh and upper intertidal sediments. British saltmarshes, Forrest Text.

Peberdy, K. (1990). The Use of Grazed Saltmarsh by Branta Leucopsis (Barnacle Goose) in Relation to Refuge Establishment and Management. Wetland management and restoration, Solna.

Peck, M. A., P. E. Fell, et al. (1994). “Evaluation of Tidal Marsh Restoration - Comparison of Selected Macroinvertebrate Populations on a Restored Impounded Valley Marsh and an Unimpounded Valley Marsh within the Same Salt- Marsh System in Connecticut, USA.” Environmental Management 18(2): 283-293.

Pethick, J. and F. Burd (1995). Sedimentary Processes Under Managed Retreat. Saltmarsh research seminar, Bristol.

Phillips, M. R. and A. T. Williams (2000). “Barrages: Amenities or environmental disasters-case studies from the South Wales coastline, United Kingdom.” Periodicum Biologorum 102: 355-363.

Phinn, S. R., D. A. Stow, et al. (1995). Monitoring Wetland Habitat Restoration Using Airborne, Digital Multi-Spectral Video Data in Southern California. Vol 1, Seattle; WA, Environmental Research Institute of Michigan.

Phinn, S. R., D. A. Stow, et al. (1996). “Monitoring Wetland Habitat Restoration in Southern California Using Airborne Multispectral Video Data.” Restoration Ecology 4(4): 412-422.

Piehler, M. F., C. A. Currin, et al. (1998). “Development and N-2-fixing activity of the benthic microbial community in transplanted Spartina alterniflora marshes in North Carolina.” Restoration Ecology 6(3): 290-296.

Poach, M. E. and S. P. Faulkner (1998). “Soil phosphorus characteristics of created and natural wetlands in the Atchafalaya Delta, LA.” Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 46(2): 195-203.

Portnoy, J. W. (1999). “Salt marsh diking and restoration: Biogeochemical implications of altered wetland hydrology.” Environmental Management 24(1): 111-120.

Portnoy, J. W. and A. E. Giblin (1997). “Biogeochemical effects of seawater restoration to diked salt marshes.” Ecological Applications 7(3): 1054-1063.

Portnoy, J. W. and A. E. Giblin (1997). “Effects of historic tidal restrictions on salt marsh sediment chemistry.” Biogeochemistry 36(3): 275-303.

Posey, M. H., T. D. Alphin, et al. (1997). “Plant and infaunal communities associated with a created marsh.” Estuaries 20(1): 42-47.

Posford Duvivier Environment (1991). Environmental Opportunities in low lying coastal areas under a scenario of climate change., English Nature Research Reports: 165.

Posford Duvivier Environment (2000). North Shotley mud placement: Analysis of effects on benthic invertebrate community. Harwich, Harwich Haven Authority: 10.

Posford Duvivier Environment (2001). Port of Felixstowe Harbour Revision Order, Trinity III Terminal (Phase 2) Extension Supplementary Report: The sustainability and effectiveness of habitat enhancement. Peterborough, Posford Duvivier Environment.

Pye, K. Saltmarsh erosion in southeast England: mechanisms, causes and implications. British saltmarshes, Forrest Text.

Pyke, C. R. and K. J. Havens (1999). “Distribution of the invasive reed Phragmites australis relative to sediment depth in a created wetland.” Wetlands 19(1): 283-287.

Race, M. S. (1985). “Critique of Present Wetlands Mitigation Policies in the United- States Based on an Analysis of Past Restoration Projects in San-Francisco Bay.” Environmental Management 9(1): 71-81.

Race, M. S. (1986). “Wetlands Restoration and Mitigation Policies - Reply.” Environmental Management 10(5): 571-572.

Race, M. S. and D. R. Christie (1982). “Coastal Zone Development - Mitigation, Marsh Creation, and Decision-Making.” Environmental Management 6(4): 317-328.

Race, M. S. and M. S. Fonseca (1996). “Fixing compensatory mitigation: What will it take?” Ecological Applications 6(1): 94-101.

Ray, G. L. (1999). Ecological monitoring of a constructed intertidal flat at Jonesport, ME. Concord, MA, US Army Corps of Engineers - New England District: 62.

Ray, G. L. (2000). “Infaunal assemblages on constructed intertidal mudflats at Jonesport, Maine (USA).” Marine Pollution Bulletin 40(12): 1186-1200.

Ray, G. L., D. G. Clarke, et al. (1994). Construction of Intertidal Mudflats as a Beneficial Use of Dredged Material. Dredging '94, Lake Buena Vista; FL, New York N.Y.

Raybould, A. F. Hydrographical, ecological and evolutionary change associated with Spartina anglica in Poole Harbour. British saltmarshes, Forrest Text.

Reading, C. J. (1996). Colonisation of the Tollesbury 'Set Back' site by intertidal animals (Draft Report). Institute of Terrestrial Ecology: 1-12 + Appendices.

Reading, C. J., O. A. L. Paramor, et al. (1999). Managed realignment at Tollesbury and Saltram. Annual report for 1998, Institute of Terrestrial Ecology: 1-?183.

Redmond, A. M. (2000). “Dredge and fill regulatory constraints in meeting the ecological goals of restoration projects.” Ecological Engineering 15(3-4): 181-189.

Reed, D. J., T. Spencer, et al. (1999). “Marsh surface sediment deposition and the role of tidal creeks: Implications for created and managed coastal marshes.” Journal of Coastal Conservation 5(1): 81-90.

Rhoads, D. C., P. G. Kullberg, et al. (1995). Dredged Material Disposal Within an Estuary: Is It a Significant Source of Sediment and Contaminant Fluxes? The Case of Long Island Sound. Ports '95, Tampa; FL, Asce.

Roman, C. T., R. W. Garvine, et al. (1995). “Hydrologic Modeling as a Predictive Basis for Ecological Restoration of Salt Marshes.” Environmental Management 19(4): 559-566.

Rozas, L. P. and T. J. Minello (1998). “Nekton use of salt marsh, seagrass, and nonvegetated habitats in a south Texas (USA) estuary.” Bulletin of Marine Science 63(3): 481-501.

Rozas, L. P. and R. J. Zimmerman (2000). “Small-scale patterns of nekton use among marsh and adjacent shallow nonvegetated areas of the Galveston Bay Estuary, Texas (USA).” Marine Ecology-Progress Series 193: 217-239.

Sacco, J. N., E. D. Seneca, et al. (1994). “Infaunal Community-Development of Artificially Established Salt Marshes in North-Carolina.” Estuaries 17(2): 489-500.

Saintilan, N. and T. R. Hashimoto (1997). Mangrove-saltmarsh dynamics on a bay-head delta in the Hawkesbury River estuary, New South Wales, Australia. Mangrove ecosystems: biodiversity, functioning, restoration and management; Diversity and function in mangrove ecosystems, Toulouse, France, Kluwer.

Sanderson, E. W., S. L. Ustin, et al. (2000). “The influence of tidal channels on the distribution of salt marsh plant species in Petaluma Marsh, CA, USA.” Plant Ecology 146(1): 29-41.

Sarda, R., S. Pinedo, et al. (2000). “Changes in the dynamics of shallow sandy-bottom assemblages due to sand extraction in the Catalan Western Mediterranean Sea.” Ices Journal of Marine Science 57(5): 1446-1453.

Scarton, F., J. W. Day, et al. (2000). “Effects of an intertidal sediment fence on sediment elevation and vegetation distribution in a Venice (Italy) lagoon salt marsh.” Ecological Engineering 16(2): 223-233.

Scatolini, S. R. and J. B. Zedler (1996). “Epibenthic invertebrates of natural and constructed marshes of San Diego Bay.” Wetlands 16(1): 24-37.

Seiderer, L. J. and R. C. Newell (1999). “Analysis of the relationship between sediment composition and benthic community structure in coastal deposits: Implications for marine aggregate dredging.” Ices Journal of Marine Science 56(5): 757-765.

Seiki, T., K. Hiraoka, et al. (1998). “Study on Purification Ability for Water Quality in Tidal Flats in Hiroshima Bay - Evaluation for the Characteristics of Organic Matter Decomposition.” Journal- Japan Society on Water Environment 21(7; ISSUE 201): 421-428.

Seliskar, D. M. and J. L. Gallagher (2000). “Exploiting wild population diversity and somaclonal variation in the salt marsh grass Distichlis spicata (Poaceae) for marsh creation and restoration.” American Journal of Botany 87(1): 141-146.

Seneca, E. D., S. W. Broome, et al. (1985). “The Influence of Duration-of-Inundation on Development of a Man-Initiated Spartina-Alterniflora Loisel Marsh in North- Carolina.” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 94(1-3): 259-268.

Shafer, D. J. and W. J. Streever (2000). “A comparison of 28 natural and dredged material salt marshes in Texas with an emphasis on geomorphological variables.” Wetlands Ecology and Management 8(5): 353-366.

Shi, Z., L. J. Hamilton, et al. (2000). “Near-bed currents and suspended sediment transport in saltmarsh canopies.” Journal of Coastal Research 16(3): 909-914.

Shisler, J. K. and D. J. Charette (1984). Evaluation of artificial salt marshes in New Jersey. New Jersey, USA, New Jersey Agricultural Experimental Station.

Short, F. T. and D. M. Burdick (1996). “Quantifying eelgrass habitat loss in relation to housing development and nitrogen loading in Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts.” Estuaries 19(3): 730-739.

Short, F. T., D. M. Burdick, et al. (1995). “Mesocosm Experiments Quantify the Effects of Eutrophication on Eelgrass, Zostera-Marina.” Limnology and Oceanography 40(4): 740-749.

Short, F. T., D. M. Burdick, et al. (2000). “Developing success criteria for restored eelgrass, salt marsh and mud flat habitats.” Ecological Engineering 15(3-4): 239-252.

Siegley, C. E., J. M. Reutter, et al. (1986). “Relationships between the Sediment Seed Bank and Early Seral Vegetation of a Newly Created Marsh in Sandusky Bay.” Ohio Journal of Science 86(2): 51-51.

Silva, S., T. Koenig, et al. (1997). Monitoring a 200-Acre Demonstration Marsh. Water resources planning and management: Aesthetics in the constructed environment, Houston; TX, Asce.

Silva, S., T. Koenig, et al. (1997). Construction of a 200-Acre Demonstration Marsh. Water resources planning and management: Aesthetics in the constructed environment, Houston; TX, Asce.

Simenstad, C. and T. Mumford (1998). “Estuarine-marine habitat and ecosystem classification and mapping: attributes or processes?” Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences: 139-144.

Simenstad, C. A. and J. R. Cordell (2000). “Ecological assessment criteria for restoring anadromous salmonid habitat in Pacific Northwest estuaries.” Ecological Engineering 15(3-4): 283-302.

Simenstad, C. A., M. Dethier, et al. (1994). The Terrestrial/Marine Ecotone. Temperate rain forests of North America: The rain forests of home, Island Press.

Simenstad, C. A. and R. M. Thom (1990). Restoring Wetland Habitats in Urbanized Pacific Northwest Estuaries. Habitat restoration: Restoring the nation's marine environment, Washington; DC, University of Maryland.

Simenstad, C. A. and R. M. Thom (1996). “Functional equivalency trajectories of the restored Gog-Le-Hi-Te estuarine wetland.” Ecological Applications 6(1): 38-56.

Sinicrope, T. L., P. G. Hine, et al. (1990). “Restoration of an Impounded Salt-Marsh in New-England.” Estuaries 13(1): 25-30.

Smith, D. D. (1976). “New federal regulations for dredged and fill material.” Environmental Science and Technology 10: 328-333.

Smith, R. G. B. and M. A. Brock (1998). “Germination potential, growth patterns and reproductive effort of Juncus articulatus and Glyceria australis in temporary shallow wetlands in Australia.” Wetlands Ecology and Management 5(3): 203-214.

Snelgrove, P. V. R. and C. A. Butman (1994). Animal Sediment Relationships Revisited - Cause Versus Effect. Oceanography and Marine Biology, Vol 32. 32: 111-177.

Spearman, J. R., M. P. Dearnaley, et al. (1996). A regime approach to the long-term prediction of the impacts of tidal barrages on estuary morphology. Barrages: engineering, design and environmental impacts, Cardiff, Chichester.

Stauffer, A. L. and R. P. Brooks (1997). “Plant and soil responses to salvaged marsh surface and organic matter amendments at a created wetland in central Pennsylvania.” Wetlands -Wilmington- 17(1): 90-105.

Stekoll, M. S. and L. Deysher (1995). Recolonization and restoration of upper intertidal Fucus gardneri (Fucales, Phaeophyta) following the Exxon Valdez oil spill. International seaweed, Valdivia; Chile, Kluwer.

Stekoll, M. S. and L. Deysher (1996). “Recolonization and restoration of upper intertidal Fucus gardneri (Fucales, Phaeophyta) following the Exxon Valdez oil spill.” Hydrobiologia -the Hague- 326//327(COM): 311-316.

Stevenson, M. I. (2000). “Problems with natural capital: A response to Clewell.” Restoration Ecology 8(3): 211-213.

Stolt, M. H., M. H. Genthner, et al. (2000). “Comparison of soil and other environmental conditions in constructed and adjacent palustrine reference wetlands.” Wetlands 20(4): 671-683.

Streever, W. J. (1997). “Trends in Australian wetland rehabilitation.” Wetlands Ecology and Management 5(1): 5-18.

Streever, W. J. (2000). “Spartina alterniflora marshes on dredged material: a critical review of the ongoing debate over success.” Wetlands Ecology and Management 8(5): 295-316.

Streever, W. J. and T. L. Crisman (1993). “A Comparison of Fish Populations from Natural and Constructed Freshwater Marshes in Central Florida.” Journal of Freshwater Ecology 8(2): 149.

Streever, W. J. and T. L. Crisman (1993). “A Comparison of Fish Populations from Natural and Constructed Fresh-Water Marshes in Central Florida.” Journal of Freshwater Ecology 8(2): 149-153.

Streever, W. J., T. L. Crisman, et al. (1994). Constructing freshwater wetlands to replace impacted natural wetlands: A subtropical perspective. Perspectives in tropical limnology, Salatiga; Indonesia, SPB Academic Publishing.

Streever, W. J., D. L. Evans, et al. (1995). “Chironomidae (Diptera) and vegetation in a created wetland and implications for sampling.” Wetlands -Wilmington-: 285-289.

Streever, W. J., K. M. Portier, et al. (1996). “A comparison of dipterans from ten created and ten natural wetlands.” Wetlands 16(4): 416-428.

Sullivan, G. and J. B. Zedler (1999). “Functional redundancy among tidal marsh halophytes: a test.” Oikos -Copenhagen- 84(2): 246-260.

Sumeri, A., T. J. Fredette, et al. (1991). Sediment Chemistry Profiles of Capped In-Situ and Dredged Sediment Deposits: Results from Three U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Offices. Annual dredging seminar, Las Vegas; NV, Tees.

Sutherland, T. F., P. C. F. Shepherd, et al. (2000). “Predation on meiofaunal and macrofaunal invertebrates by western sandpipers (Calidris mauri): evidence for dual foraging modes.” Marine Biology 137(5-6): 983-993.

Syder, J., M. Johnson, et al. (1998). A Cost Effective System for Monitoring Saltmarsh Restoration. Remote sensing for marine and coastal environments, San Diego; CA, Erim.

Talley, D. M. (2000). “Ichthyofaunal utilization of newly-created versus natural salt marsh creeks in Mission Bay, California.” Wetlands Ecology and Management 8(2/3): 117-132.

Talley, T. S. and L. A. Levin (1999). “Macrofaunal succession and community structure in Salicornia marshes of southern California.” Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 49(5): 713-731.

Tanner, C. D. (1992). Inventory and Analysis of Potential Intertidal Habitat Restoration Sites. Geographic information systems, Onalaska; WI, [np].

Tettleton, R. P., F. G. Howell, et al. (1993). Performance of a Constructed Marsh in the Tertiary Treatment of Bleach Kraft Pulp Mill Effluent: Results of a 2-Year Pilot Project. Constructed wetlands for water quality improvement, Pensacola; FL [publ date], Boca Raton.

Thom, R. M. (1997). “System-development matrix for adaptive management of coastal ecosystem restoration projects.” Ecological Engineering 8(3): 219-232.

Thom, R. M. (2000). “Adaptive management of coastal ecosystem restoration projects.” Ecological Engineering 15(3-4): 365-372.

Thompson, S. P., H. W. Paerl, et al. (1995). “Seasonal Patterns of Nitrification and Denitrification in a Natural and a Restored Salt-Marsh.” Estuaries 18(2): 399-408.

Torok, L. S., S. Lockwood, et al. (1996). “Review and comparison of wetland impacts and mitigation requirements between New Jersey, USA, Freshwater Wetlands Protection Act and section 404 of the Clean Water Act.” Environmental Management 20(5): 741-752.

Trnka, S. and J. B. Zedler (2000). “Site Conditions, not Parental Phenotype, Determine the Height of Spartina foliosa.” Estuaries 23(4): 572-582.

Turner, K. M. (1995). “Managed re-alignment as a coastal management option.” Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 56: 217-219.

Turner, R. K., W. N. Adger, et al. (1999). “Sustainable coastal resources management: principles and practice.” Natural Resources Forum 23(4): 275-286.

Tyler, A. C. and J. C. Zieman (1999). “Patterns of development in the creekbank region of a barrier island Spartina alterniflora marsh.” Marine Ecology-Progress Series 180: 161-177.

Underwood, G. J. C. Changes in microalgal species composition, biostabilisation potential and succession during saltmarsh restoration. British saltmarshes, Forrest Text.

Underwood, G. J. C. (1997). “Microalgal Colonization in a Saltmarsh Restoration Scheme.” Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 44(4): 471-482.

US Army Corps of Engineers (1987). Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual. Vicksburg, MS, Waterways Experiment Station.

van Dalfsen, J. A., K. Essink, et al. (2000). “Differential response of macrozoobenthos to marine sand extraction in the North Sea and the Western Mediterranean.” Ices Journal of Marine Science 57(5): 1439-1445.

Van Der Veer, H. W., M. J. N. Bergman, et al. (1985). “Dredging Activities in the Dutch Wadden Sea - Effects on Macrobenthic Infauna.” Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 19(2): 183-190.

Vepraskas, M. J., J. L. Richardson, et al. (1999). “Dynamics of hydric soil formation across the edge of a created deep marsh.” Wetlands -Wilmington- 19(1): 78-89.

Vos, P. C. and W. P. van Kesteren (2000). “The long-term evolution of intertidal mudflats in the northern Netherlands during the Holocene; natural and anthropogenic processes.” Continental Shelf Research 20(12-13): 1687-1710.

Wallingford, H. R. (2000). “A review of the disposal of dredged material from ports and waterways.” Dock and Harbour Authority(903): 3-6.

Walton, W. E. and P. D. Workman (1998). “Effect of Marsh Design on the Abundance of Mosquitoes in Experimental Constructed Wetlands in Southern California.” Journal- American Mosquito Control Association 14(1): 95-107.

West, J. M. and J. B. Zedler (2000). “Marsh-creek connectivity: Fish use of a tidal salt marsh in southern California.” Estuaries 23(5): 699-710.

West, T. L., L. M. Clough, et al. (2000). “Assessment of function in an oligohaline environment: Lessons learned by comparing created and natural habitats.” Ecological Engineering 15(3-4): 303-321.

Williams, G. D., J. S. Desmond, et al. (1998). “Extension of 2 Nonindigenous Fishes, Acanthogobius flavimanus and Poecilia latipinna into San Diego Bay Marsh Habitats.” California Fish and Game 84(1): 1-17.

Williams, G. D. and J. B. Zedler (1999). “Fish assemblage composition in constructed and natural tidal marshes of San Diego Bay: Relative influence of channel morphology and restoration history.” Estuaries 22(3A): 702-716.

Willis, A. J. The changing structure and vegetational history of the 85-year-old saltmarsh at Berrow, North Somerset. British saltmarshes, Forrest Text.

Young, T. P. (2000). “Restoration ecology and conservation biology.” Biological Conservation 92(1): 73-83.

Yozzo, D. J., R. Clark, et al. (2000). “Managed Retreat: Assessing the Role of the Community in Habitat Restoration Projects in the United Kingdom.” Ecological Restoration North America 18(4): 234-242.

Ysebaert, T., P. L. Meininger, et al. (2000). “Waterbird communities along the estuarine salinity gradient of the Schelde estuary, NW-Europe.” Biodiversity and Conservation 9(9): 1275-1296.

Zedler, J. (1997). “Adaptive Management of Coastal Ecosystems Designed to Support Endangered Species.” Ecology Law Quarterly 24(4): 735-744.

Zedler, J. B. (1990). Restoring Cordgrass Marshes in Southern California. Habitat restoration: Restoring the nation's marine environment, Washington; DC, University of Maryland.

Zedler, J. B. (1991). Invasive Exotic Plants: Threats to Coastal Ecosystems. Perspectives on the marine environment, Los Angeles; CA, Los Angeles.

Zedler, J. B. (1992). Coastal Wetlands: Multiple Management Problems in Southern California. Multiple uses of the coastal zone in a changing world: Environmental science in the coastal zone; issues for further research; proceedings of a retreat... Woods Hole; MA, Washington DC.

Zedler, J. B. (1992). Restoring Biodiversity to Coastal Salt Marshes. Interface between ecology and land development in California, Los Angeles, CA, Los Angeles.

Zedler, J. B. (1993). “Canopy Architecture of Natural and Planted Cordgrass Marshes - Selecting Habitat Evaluation Criteria.” Ecological Applications 3(1): 123-138.

Zedler, J. B. (1993). “Canopy architecture of natural and planted cordgrass marshes: selecting habitat evaluation criteria.” Ecological Applications 3(1): 123.

Zedler, J. B. (1996). “Coastal mitigation in Southern California: The need for a regional restoration strategy.” Ecological Applications 6(1): 84-93.

Zedler, J. B. (1996). “Ecological issues in wetland mitigation: An introduction to the forum.” Ecological Applications 6(1): 33-37.

Zedler, J. B. (1997). “Adaptive management of coastal ecosystems designed to support endangered species.” Ecology Law Quarterly 24(4): 735-743.

Zedler, J. B. (1999). “European Wet Grasslands: Biodiversity, Management, and Restoration.” Restoration Ecology 7(4): 411-412.

Zedler, J. B. (2000). “Progress in wetland restoration ecology.” Trends in Ecology & Evolution 15(10): 402-407.

Zedler, J. B. and J. C. Callaway (1997). “Restoration Ecology: Combining the Teaching of Ecological Principles with Group Experiments and Native Plant Restoration on the SDSU Campus.” Bulletin- Ecological Society of America 78(1): 67-69.

Zedler, J. B. and J. C. Callaway (1999). “Tracking wetland restoration: Do mitigation sites follow desired trajectories?” Restoration Ecology 7(1): 69-73.

Zedler, J. B. and J. C. Callaway (2000). “Evaluating the progress of engineered tidal wetlands.” Ecological Engineering 15(3-4): 211-225.

Zedler, J. B., J. C. Callaway, et al. (1999). “Californian Salt-Marsh Vegetation: An Improved Model of Spatial Pattern.” Ecosystems -New York- 2; ISSUE 1: 19-35.

Zedler, J. B., R. Langis, et al. (1988). Assessing the Functions of Mitigation Marshes in Southern California. National wetland symposium: Urban Wetlands, Oakland; CA, Omnipress.

Zedler, J. B. and A. N. Powell (1993). “Managing Coastal Wetlands.” Oceanus -Woods Hole Mass.- 36(2): 19.

Zedler, J. B., G. D. Williams, et al. (1997). “Wetland Mitigation: Can Fishes Distinguish between Natural and Constructed Wetlands?” Fisheries -Bethesda- 22(3): 26-29.

Zedler, P. H. and C. Black (1988). Species Preservation in Artificially Constructed Habitats: Preliminary Evaluation Based on a Case Study of Vernal Pools at Del Mar Mesa, San Diego County. National wetland symposium: Urban Wetlands, Oakland; CA, Omnipress.

Zedler, P. H. and C. Black (1988). Strategies For The Future: Local Government Urban Wetland Protection and Management Programs Association of Wetland Managers. National wetland symposium: Urban Wetlands, Oakland; CA, Omnipress.

Zedler, P. H., C. K. Frazier, et al. (1992). Habitat Creation as a Strategy in Ecosystem Preservation: An Example from Vernal Pools in San Diego County. Interface between ecology and land development in California, Los Angeles, CA, Los Angeles.

Zeff, M. L. (1999). “Salt marsh tidal channel morphometry: Applications for wetland creation and restoration.” Restoration Ecology 7(2): 205-211.