Undergraduate Degrees

MSci Meteorology and Oceanography ( F790 )

UCAS Course Code:: F790
Duration:: 4 years
Attendance:: Full Time
Award:: Degree of Master of Sciences
School of Study:: Environmental Sciences
Brochure:: School of Environmental Sciences Undergraduate Brochure (PDF)
Typical A-Level Offer:: AAA (including A level Mathematics)

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This exciting new four-year programme offers an integrated approach to studying the Earth’s oceans, atmosphere, their interactions, and external influences on them.

The Earth has observable properties and maintains patterns of interactions and processes that can be described and understood using the powerful sciences and techniques of mathematics, physics and computing. Different waves appear on the ocean and in the atmosphere, yet they may be described in common using mathematical methods and understood or interpreted physically. The Earth’s water resource is shared between: its atmosphere, ice caps and glaciers, run-off and rivers, and in the ground – a hydrosphere of interactions. Interactions close to the Earth’s surface produce physical and chemical erosion (and pollution), and sediment shift by the action of wind and water. The interactions of most significance occur near to the Earth’s surface, and produce hazards where we all live: climate change, floods and volcanic-atmospheric interactions.

Meteorology and Oceanography embraces the disciplines of meteorology and oceanography but also interacts with climatology, fluvial geomorphology, glaciology, hydrology, sedimentology, theoretical seismology and volcanology.

The programme will enable you to develop a critical awareness of issues at the frontier of research, along with a comprehensive understanding of research methods and their limitations. You will gain the qualities of self-direction and originality in applying knowledge, solving problems and conducting research.

The first three years of the programme will follow the same profile as the BSc Meteorology and Oceangraphy, with the exclusion of the third year research project. In the fourth and final year you will study a range of masters level modules, as well as undertaking a substantial piece of independent research in a topic that matches your interests.

The MSci Meteorology and Oceanography is run jointly by the School of Environmental Sciences and the School of Mathematics, and in collaboration with the School of Computing Sciences. This programme will inspire a lifelong interest, knowledge and understanding of the way the oceans and atmosphere work as an integral part of the Earth.

Course Organiser:Prof Karen Heywood

Environmental science is a rapidly progressing, vibrant and exciting field of study with excellent career prospects in the UK and beyond.

Environmental Science is a modern scientific discipline that will have a profound effect on human society as environmental concerns become paramount at the beginning of the 21st century.

A human population of over 6 billion demands energy, transport, and technology, while climate change threatens the security of the most vulnerable peoples on the planet. Management of pollution and waste is essential to protect human health. Global environment change is eroding the planets biological diversity. Natural hazards threaten infrequent but catastrophic disasters.

Solving these urgent problems requires the expertise of trained environmental scientists. In ENV you will be trained to understand the complex interactions of human society with the bio-geosphere and to provide solutions for enhanced industry and sustainable economies. Inter-disciplinary scientists are needed to communicate the solutions and influence policy at local, national and global scales.

Volcanology, seismology, ecology, conservation, meteorology, oceanography, environmental economics, environmental politics, geochemistry, soil science, climate change and energy resources are just a few of the subjects you could study. Whether you choose to study a broad range of the environmental sciences or specialise in one field, you can be sure that your degree will be challenging and inspiring from beginning to end.

In the 2012 National Student Survey, the School of Environmental Sciences at UEA gained a 96% satisfaction rate, putting the department at joint 5th in the UK, above universities like Southampton and Exeter. Teaching was a particular highlight of the survey, and as a School, Environmental Sciences came in joint 2nd with a rating of 97% satisfaction.

Compulsory Study (100 credits)

Students must study the following modules for 100 credits:

Name	Code	Credits
ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN	ENV-1A56	10
This module studies the physical processes occurring in the atmosphere and ocean, with emphasis on the links between the two. Radiation from the Sun and its effect on the Earth. Structure and circulation of the atmosphere. Ocean currents and the thermohaline circulation. Hydrostatic equation and pressure forces. Stability, air masses and fronts. Coriolis force and geostrophy. The effect of the wind on the ocean. Hydrological cycle. If you have not taken 1A25 Forces of Nature, a little background reading will help on concepts such as pressure, density, buoyancy and Coriolis force. Taught in the second half of semester.
DYNAMIC EARTH	ENV-1A67	10
The structure and behaviour of our dynamic planet are investigated. The module is underpinned by the theory of Plate Tectonics as a means of explaining Earth��s remarkable physiographic features, such as mountain belts and volcanoes and it also considers how processes of erosion and deposition modify them. The Module will introduce geological time and the 4.6 billion year record of changing conditions. It will introduce geological materials, resources and hazards. No prior knowledge of geology is assumed.
FORCES OF NATURE	ENV-1A25	10
The understanding of natural systems and environmental technologies is often underpinned by physical laws and processes. ��Forces of nature�� explores the most important of these (energy, mechanics, physical properties of Earth materials) and their relevance to environmental science using examples from across the Earth��s differing systems. This module forms an important building block for many modules that follow it.
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES	ENV-1A29	20
What are the most pressing environmental challenges facing the world today? How do we understand these problems through cutting-edge environmental science research? What are the possibilities for building sustainable solutions to address them in policy and society? In this module you will tackle these questions by taking an interdisciplinary approach to consider challenges relating to climate change, biodiversity, water resources, natural hazards, and technological risks. In doing so you will gain an insight into environmental science research ��in action�� and develop essential academic study skills needed to explore these issues. Please note this module is only available for ENV students and BIO Ecology students only.
MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENTISTS 1	ENV-1A61	10
This module is designed for those students with good maths and a Grade C or above in 'A' level Mathematics. Topics include differentiation and integration, Taylor and Maclaurin series, complex numbers, vector algebra, partial differentiations. Previous knowledge of calculus is assumed.
MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENTISTS II	ENV-1A62	10
This module is the second in a series of four mathematical modules for students across the Faculty of Science. It continues the basic calculus of ENV-1A61 into the study of ordinary differential equations that are used to mathematically model many different systems across the sciences, and the use of further integrals to calculate lengths of lines, surface areas, and volumes. Power series expansions are used to represent and simplify functions, and an introduction to complex numbers is given. There is a continuing emphasis on applied examples, and the use of numerical computing software (Matlab).
MECHANICS AND MODELLING	MTH-1C32	10
Newton's laws of motion. Particle dynamics, orbits, conservation laws. Population dynamics.
RESEARCH & FIELD SKILLS 1	ENV-1A41	10
This module introduces a range of transferable skills, tools and data resources that are widely used in research across the Environmental Sciences. The aim is to provide a broad understanding of the research process by undertaking different activities that involve i) formulating research questions, ii) collecting data using appropriate sources and techniques, iii) collating and evaluating information and iv) presenting results. The module will include the use of GPS, satellite remote sensing and digital mapping technologies, whilst also emphasising self and peer assessment of research activities.
RESEARCH & FIELD SKILLS 2	ENV-1A42K	10
This module builds upon the range of transferable skills and techniques introduced in Research & Field Skills 1. There are two main components. The first will introduce the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS), explaining the main analysis techniques with applications from across the Environmental Sciences. The second component will be a 6 day fieldcourse to be held at Slapton Ley, Devon during the last week of the Easter break. During the fieldcourse students will have the opportunity to apply skills learnt earlier in other modules, gain experience with new field techniques and undertake a small group project of their own choice. Assessment of the fieldcourse will be based on a poster presentation of this project work. THIS MODULE IS AVAILABLE ONLY TO STUDENTS REGISTERED IN THE SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES. Taught in the first half of semester.

Option A Study (10 credits)

Students will select 10 credits from the following modules:

Name	Code	Credits
EARTH'S CHEMICAL PROCESSES 1	ENV-1A32	10
This module provides an introduction to chemical processes in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, seawater, soils, sediments and rocks. Both the natural and anthropogenically perturbed system will be considered. This module assumes no previous chemical knowledge and will include a basic chemistry component. Students with previous experience of chemistry (A, AS level or equivalent) should take Environmental Chemistry 2.
EARTH'S CHEMICAL PROCESSES II	ENV-1A34	10
This module provides an introduction to chemical processes in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, seawater, soils, sediments and rocks. Both the natural and anthropogenically perturbed system will be considered. Students taking this module are expected to have previous experience of Chemistry at A, AS Levels or equivalent. Taught in the second half of semester.

Option B Study (10 credits)

Students will select 10 credits from the following modules:

Name	Code	Credits
PROBABILITY	MTH-1C34	10
Probability as a measurement of uncertainty, statistical experiments and Bayes' theorem. Discrete and continuous distributions. Expectation. Applications of probability: Markov chains, reliability theory.
SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIETY	ENV-1A28	10
Striking a balance between societal development, economic growth and environmental protection has proven difficult and controversial. The terms ��sustainability�� and ��sustainable development�� have been used in attempts to reconcile these three areas. Yet the ill-defined and contradictory nature of these concepts has also hampered their implementation. This module considers sustainability in theory and practice by examining the relationships between environment and society, through the contributions of a variety of social science disciplines. Taught in the first half of semester.

Compulsory Study (100 credits)

Students must study the following modules for 100 credits:

Name	Code	Credits
MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENTISTS III	ENV-2A21	20
This module contains mathematical techniques applicable to a wide range of ENV modules. Among topics covered: matrix algebra, linear equations and eigenvectors, numerical methods, vector fields, Maple programming and complex variables.
MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENTISTS IV	ENV-2A22	20
This module shows how mathematics can be applied to the environment. Topics include: fluid dynamics, partial differential equations, waves, Fourier analysis, applications of solid mechanics to geophysics, including stress, strain and elasticity.
METEOROLOGY I	ENV-2A23	20
Coursework does not include fieldwork. See ENVF2A23. This module is designed to give a general introduction to meteorology, concentrating on the physical processes in the atmosphere and how these influence our weather. The module contains both descriptive and mathematical treatments of Radiation Balance, The General Circulation, Thermodynamics and Dynamics and the assessment is designed to allow those with either mathematical or descriptive abilities to do well; however a reasonable mathematical competence is essential.
OCEAN CIRCULATION	ENV-2A39	20
This module gives you an understanding of the physical processes occurring in the basin-scale ocean environment. We will introduce and discuss large scale global ocean circulation, including gyres, boundary currents and the overturning circulation. Major themes include the interaction between ocean and atmosphere, and the forces which drive ocean circulation. You should be familiar with partial differentiation, integration, handling equations and using calculators. Co-taught with ENV-MA39
WAVES, TIDES AND SHALLOW WATER PROCESSES	ENV-2A40	20
This module will explore physical processes in the ocean, building on what you learnt in Ocean Circulation. There will be a focus on applications of ocean physics to shelf seas. Topics will include: Tide generation, forces, harmonic tidal analysis of time series, propagation in shallow seas; Surface and internal waves, their role in air-sea exchange and upper ocean mixing; Role of tides and internal waves in global ocean mixing; Impact of ocean physics on biogeochemical processes, including seasonal phytoplankton blooms and shelf sea fronts; Remote sensing of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll shelf seas. Estuarine circulation and sediment transport; Applications of ocean physics to water quality and pollution monitoring; Role of ocean science in the marine energy industry. This module is designed to follow on from ENV-2A39, which is a pre-requisite. We strongly recommend that you also gain experience of marine fieldwork by taking the 20-credit biennial Marine Sciences fieldcourse, next running in June 2013.

Option A Study (20 credits)

Students will select 20 credits from the following modules:

Name	Code	Credits
METEOROLOGY II	ENV-2A24	20
This module will build upon the material covered in ENV-2A23 (Meteorology I) covering topics such as synoptic meteorology, micro-scale processes, the General Circulation and weather forecasting.
METEOROLOGY II WITH FIELDCOURSE	ENV-2A24K	20
This module will build upon material covered in ENV-2A23 (Meteorology I) covering topics such as synoptic meteorology, micro-scale processes, the General Circulation and weather forecasting. The module also includes a week long Easter vacation residential fieldcourse, based in the Lake District, focusing on micrometeorology, microclimate and synoptic processes.

Compulsory Study (20 credits)

Students must study the following modules for 20 credits:

Name	Code	Credits
MODELLING ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES	ENV-3A11	20
The aim of the module is to show how geophysical problems may be solved from the initial problem, to mathematical formulation and numerical solution. Problems will be described conceptually, then defined mathematically, then solved numerically via computer programming. The module consists of lectures on numerical methods and computing practicals (Matlab): the practicals being designed to illustrate the solution of problems using the methods covered in lectures. The module will guide students through the solution of a geophysical problem of their own choosing. The problem will be discussed and placed into context through an essay, and then solved and written up in a project report.

Option A Study (60 credits)

Students will select 60 credits from the following modules:

Name	Code	Credits
ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION: MEASUREMENT AND MODELLING	ENV-3A80	20
Emissions of gases and other pollutants from human activities are critical drivers of phenomena such as climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, degradation of air quality in urban and rural areas, long-range transport of air pollution, and changes in aerosol and cloud physical properties. To understand these impacts it is necessary to make atmospheric measurements of chemical composition and physical parameters, and to interpret these observations with a range of statistical, conceptual, and computer-based models. In this module you will be introduced to a range of modern atmospheric measurements techniques, both those used in the field and in the laboratory. Consideration will be given to the relevant chemical and physical processes that are required to understand these observations. You will also learn about a range of interpretive techniques including numerical models, and you will put some of these in to practice.
BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE ECOLOGY	ENV-3A15	20
This module examines the biological and ecological processes that underpin our dependence on, and use of, the marine environment for 'goods and services'. Students will study the ecology of marine organisms (from bacteria to fish) which provide the 'services' of climate modulation, nutrient regeneration and food production, threats to the sustainability of these services and the management challenges that result. The module will cover the biodiversity and molecular ecology of bacteria,diatoms, coccolithophores and nitrogen fixers, the physiology and distribution of zooplankton, the ecology of exploited populations and management of the marine environment including fisheries. Example ecosystems such as polar regions, mid ocean gyres and Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems will be studied in detail, and predictions of the impact of environmental change (increasing temperature, decreasing pH, decreasing oxygen, changes in nutrient supply and human exploitation) on marine ecosystem dynamics, will be examined. The module also includes lectures and workshops by biological oceanographers from the Centre for the Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS).
DYNAMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY	MTH-3E48	20
This course applies fluid dynamics to the study of the circulation of the oceans. Topics studied include: geostrophic flow, Ekman layers, wind driven circulation, western boundary currents (e.g. the Gulf Steam), abyssal circulation, Rossby waves, Kelvin waves, Equatorial dynamics, Southern Ocean dynamics.
EARTH AND LIFE	ENV-3A38	20
This module introduces Earth system science, taking a top-down approach to the Earth as a whole system, and tracing its development since its formation 4.5 billion years ago. The main focus is on the coupled evolution of life and its environment through a series of revolutions. Theoretical approaches are introduced, including Gaia, feedback mechanisms and systems theory, and practical sessions use models to build up conceptual understanding. The subject is inherently inter-disciplinary, including aspects of biology, chemistry and physics, and unifying the study of climate and global biogeochemical cycles. Co-taught with ENV-MA38.
FREE SURFACE FLOWS	MTH-3D77	20
Inviscid jets; stability analysis; infinite jet; semi-infinite jet; one-dimensional approximations; viscous jets; similarity solutions and breakup. Drops; satellite droplets. Uniform and nonuniform inviscid liquid sheets; temporal instability, convective/absolute instability. Viscous liquid sheets, waves on liquid sheets. Numerical simulations.
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE	ENV-3A20	20
An exploration of both the scientific causes of global environmental change and the integrative and complex nature of the societal response to such changes. An examination of attempts to predict future trends in the global environmental over the next few centuries. Topics covered include climate change, the carbon cycle, global pollution, and sea level rise. Group projects will tackle multi-disciplinary topics within these areas, using research literature and by interaction with researchers currently in these fields.
PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY	ENV-3A58	20
This module investigates the geological evidence for major environmental changes through Earth history. It will explore selected topics that relate to the extent, timing and causes of past variations of climate as expressed through changes in the fossil and geological record. Lectures will draw on information from marine, ice core, terrestrial and lacustrine climate archives. Radiometric dating techniques and geochemical/quantitative methods of palaeoenvironmental reconstruction will be examined in practical classes. The module includes half-day excursions to examine key geological field sites in East Anglia. Co-taught with ENV-MA58. STUDENTS MUST TAKE EITHER ENV-2A30 EARTH SYSTEM GEOCHEMISTRY OR ENV-2A25 SEDIMENTOLOGY PRIOR TO TAKING THIS MODULE
POLLUTION, TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY	ENV-3A08	20
Multidisciplinary module about problems of managing pollution, focussing on regional and urban issues, this module will unashamedly shift viewpoint between chemical, legislative, economic, historical and social interpretations of pollution.
THE CARBON CYCLE AND CLIMATE CHANGE	ENV-3A31	20
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the greenhouse gas which has, by far, the greatest impact on climate change. CO2 is becoming even more important owing to continued fossil fuel emissions and its very long lifetime in the atmosphere. Predicting future climate or defining ��dangerous�� climate change is challenging, in large part because the Earth��s carbon cycle is very complex and not fully understood. You will learn about the atmospheric, oceanic and terrestrial components of the carbon cycle, how they interact with each other, and how they interact with climate in so-called ��feedbacks��. The understanding of the carbon cycle gained from this module is a vital foundation for all climate change research. Emphasis is given to the most recent, cutting-edge research in the field. Co-taught with ENV-MA31.

Option B Study (20 credits)

Students will select 20 credits from the following modules:

Name	Code	Credits
ALGEBRA	MTH-2C3Y	20
(a) Vector space, basis and dimension. Linear maps, rank-nullity. Matrices, change of basis, minimal and characteristic polynomial. Diagonalization. Inner product on Rn, Gram-Schmidt process, examples from algebra and analysis. (b) Revision of basic concepts. Cosets, Lagrange's theorem. Normal subgroups and factor groups. First isomorphism theorem. Rings, elementary properties and examples of commutative rings. Ideals, quotient rings. Polynomial rings and construction of finite fields. Unique Factorization in rings.
ANALYSIS	MTH-2C1Y	20
(a) Continuity, differentiation, uniform convergence, power series and how they represent functions for both real and complex variables. (b) Topology of the complex plane, holomorphic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations, complex integration, Cauchy and Laurent theorems, residue calculus.
AQUATIC ECOLOGY	ENV-2A01	20
An analysis of how biological, chemical and physical influences shape the biological communities of rivers, lakes and estuaries in temperate and tropical regions. There is an important practical component to this module and the first of the three pieces of written work involves statistical analysis of class data. The module fits well with other ecology modules and can also be taken alongside geochemical, sedimentological or hydrological modules. The module may also appeal to students with interests in international development. Pre-requisite requirements: A first-year ecology module in either ENV or in the School of Biological Sciences or an A-level in a biological subject or a biologically biased access course plus familiarity with basic statistics and data analysis.
AQUATIC ECOLOGY (CW)	ENV-2A01C	20
An analysis of how biological, chemical and physical influences shape the biological communities of rivers, lakes and estuaries in temperate and tropical regions. There is an important practical component to this module and the first of the three pieces of written work involves statistical analysis of class data. The module fits well with other ecology modules and can also be taken alongside geochemical, sedimentological or hydrological modules. The module may also appeal to students with interests in international development. Pre-requisite requirements: An academic background in ecology at first year undergraduate level plus familiarity with basic statistics and data analysis.
ASTROPHYSICS WITH ADVANCED TOPICS	SCI-2E01	10
This 10 credit module gives an overview of astrophysics through lectures and workshops. Assessment will involve some coursework and a coursetest. The module assumes previous study of either A level physics, CHE-1H63 Physical Principles, MTH-1C32 Mechanics and Modelling or an equivalent course. Topics covered will include some history of astrophysics, radiation, matter, gravitation, astrophysical measurements, spectroscopy, stars and some aspects of cosmology. Some of these topics will be taken to a more advanced level. The more advanced topics will include workshop examples and coursetest questions at level 2 standard.
ASYMPTOTIC ANALYSIS	MTH-3E37	20
This 20 credit module provides introduction to asymptotic analysis of algebraic equations, ordinary and partial differential equations and integrals. Asymptotic analysis is an important tool in almost all branches of science and engineering. This analysis provides useful but approximate solutions and formulae with an accuracy which is well understood and controllable. The course covers asymptotic expansions, divergent asymptotic series, local approximations, regular and singular perturbations of solutions, asymptotic formulae, Laplace and Fourier integrals, method of strained coordinates, method of multiple scales, matched asymptotic expansions, matching rules.
ASYMPTOTIC ANALYSIS (CW)	MTH-3E37C	20
This 20 credit module provides introduction to asymptotic analysis of algebraic equations, ordinary and partial differential equations and integrals. Asymptotic analysis is an important tool in almost all branches of science and engineering. This analysis provides useful but approximate solutions and formulae with an accuracy which is well understood and controllable. The course covers asymptotic expansions, divergent asymptotic series, local approximations, regular and singular perturbations of solutions, asymptotic formulae, Laplace and Fourier integrals, method of strained coordinates, method of multiple scales, matched asymptotic expansions, matching rules.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND GLOBAL CHANGE	ENV-2A37	20
Atmospheric chemistry and global change are in the news: stratospheric ozone depletion, acid rain, climate change, photochemical smog, global-scale air pollution, etc. This module covers the fundamental chemical principles and processes involving gases and particles in Earth��s changing atmosphere. It comprises lectures, problem solving classes, practical and computing labs, as well as a field trip to UEA's own atmospheric observatory in Weybourne/North Norfolk.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND GLOBAL CHANGE (CW)	ENV-2A37C	20
Coursework only version of ENV-2A37 - NB reserved for autumn semester visiting students and those students taking ENV-2G02 Semester in Australia.
ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION: MEASUREMENT AND MODELLING	ENV-3A80	20
Emissions of gases and other pollutants from human activities are critical drivers of phenomena such as climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, degradation of air quality in urban and rural areas, long-range transport of air pollution, and changes in aerosol and cloud physical properties. To understand these impacts it is necessary to make atmospheric measurements of chemical composition and physical parameters, and to interpret these observations with a range of statistical, conceptual, and computer-based models. In this module you will be introduced to a range of modern atmospheric measurements techniques, both those used in the field and in the laboratory. Consideration will be given to the relevant chemical and physical processes that are required to understand these observations. You will also learn about a range of interpretive techniques including numerical models, and you will put some of these in to practice.
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND HUMAN SOCIETY	ENV-3A17	20
This is an inter-disciplinary module focusing on the interaction between ecology, biodiversity and human societies. It examines the human drivers of biodiversity loss, the importance of biodiversity to human society, conflicts between human society and conservation and how these can be resolved, and institutions for biodiversity conservation and environmental management. It is designed for students of Biology, Ecology, Environmental Science, Environmental Geography and International Development and Development Studies. This inter-disciplinary module does not require previous detailed knowledge of ecological mechanisms; where a simple understanding of key ecological processes is important, this will be reviewed and taught in class. Key principles, issues and theory are covered in lectures by UEA faculty. These are supported by case studies from external speakers working in conservation, environmental and resource management agencies and NGOs. The module will comprise 2 core lectures plus one workshop / seminar / outside speaker each week. The module will be assessed by a spring semester exam and coursework designed to develop skills in reviewing and interpreting evidence to non-scientists. This will comprise a briefing paper written for non-specialist policy makers, reviewing scientific evidence and areas of uncertainty on a conservation topic, and providing recommendations for UK government policy and identifying research needed, involving both group (written report max 1500 words, conducted in pairs) and individual (powerpoint slideshow: a summary presentation for policy makers) elements. There are no formal prerequisites, but the module complements and builds on a number of 200 level module including: ENV / BIO 200 level core ecology modules (ie, populations, processes), ENV2A8Y Economics of the Environment, ENV-2A06 Environmental Politics and Policy Making, DEV-2C63 Natural Resources for Development II, DEV-2D64 Natural Resources for Development III.
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND HUMAN SOCIETY (CW)	ENV-3A17C	20
This is an inter-disciplinary module focusing on the interaction between ecology, biodiversity and human societies. It examines the human drivers of biodiversity loss, the importance of biodiversity to human society, conflicts between human society and conservation and how these can be resolved, and institutions for biodiversity conservation and environmental management. It is designed for students of Biology, Ecology, Environmental Geography and international Development and Development Studies. This inter-disciplinary module does not require previous detailed knowledge of ecological mechanisms; where a simple understanding of key ecological processes is important, this will be reviewed and taught in class. Key principles, issues and theory are covered in lectures by UEA faculty. These are supported by case studies from external speakers working in conservation, environmental and resource management agencies and NGOs. The module will be assessed by a spring semester exam and coursework designed to develop skills in reviewing and interpreting evidence to non-scientists. This will comprise a briefing paper written for on-specialist policy makers reviewing scientific evidence and areas of uncertainty on a conservation topic, and providing recommendations for UK government policy and identifying research needed, involving both group (written report max 1500 words conducted in pairs) and individual (PowerPoint slideshow: a summary presentation for policy makers) elements. There are no formal prerequisites, but the module complements and builds on a number of 200 level units including ENV/BIO 200 level core ecology modules (i.e. populations, processes) ENV-2A8Y Economics of the Environment, ENV-2A06 Environmental politics and Policy Making, DEV-2C63 Natural Resources for Development II, DEV-2D64 Natural Resources for Development III. (Alternative assessment version for autumn semester visiting students.)
BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE ECOLOGY	ENV-3A15	20
This module examines the biological and ecological processes that underpin our dependence on, and use of, the marine environment for 'goods and services'. Students will study the ecology of marine organisms (from bacteria to fish) which provide the 'services' of climate modulation, nutrient regeneration and food production, threats to the sustainability of these services and the management challenges that result. The module will cover the biodiversity and molecular ecology of bacteria,diatoms, coccolithophores and nitrogen fixers, the physiology and distribution of zooplankton, the ecology of exploited populations and management of the marine environment including fisheries. Example ecosystems such as polar regions, mid ocean gyres and Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems will be studied in detail, and predictions of the impact of environmental change (increasing temperature, decreasing pH, decreasing oxygen, changes in nutrient supply and human exploitation) on marine ecosystem dynamics, will be examined. The module also includes lectures and workshops by biological oceanographers from the Centre for the Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS).
BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE ECOLOGY	ENV-3A15C	20
This module examines the biological and ecological processes that underpin our dependence on, and use of, the marine environment for ��goods and services��. Students will study the ecology of marine organisms (from bacteria to fish) which provide the ��services�� of climate modulation, nutrient regeneration and food production, threats to the sustainability of these services and the management challenges that result. The module will cover the biodiversity and molecular ecology of bacteria, diatoms, coccolithophores and nitrogen fixers, the physiology and distribution of zooplankton, the ecology of exploited populations and management of the marine environment including fisheries. Example ecosystems such as the Antarctic, mid ocean gyres and Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems will be studied in detail, and predictions of the impact of environmental change (increasing temperature, decreasing pH, increasing oxygen minimum zones, changes in nutrient supply and human exploitation) on marine ecosystem dynamics, will be examined. Biological oceanographic methods will be critically discussed. The module also includes lectures and workshops by biological oceanographers from British Antarctic Survey (BAS), the Centre for the Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS) and the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation of Ocean Science (SAHFOS). The module is designed for students with some prior knowledge of ecological techniques, and so ENV-2A01 Aquatic Ecology is a pre-requisite. (Alternative assessment version for autumn semester visiting students.)
CATCHMENT WATER RESOURCES	ENV-3A60	20
This module will adopt an integrated approach to studying surface water and groundwater resources in river basins. Approaches to catchment management will be considered in the context of improving water-dependent terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Topics of climate change impacts on water resources in terms of droughts and floods, as well as water quality issues arising from changing land-use patterns will be considered, together with the engineering and socio-economic methods necessary to adapt to future pressures on water resources. Co-taught with ENV-MA60.
CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY	ENV-2A45	20
Covers the major processes that set the chemical composition of the oceans, the distribution of nutrient, and carbon, the distribution of life in the oceans and the interaction of the oceans and atmosphere. how this interacts with the atmosphere to maintain the global environment of the Earth. Elements of physical oceanography and ocean circulation, of geochemistry, marine biology and global change science are covered.
CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY	ENV-2A45	20
Covers the major processes that set the chemical composition of the oceans, the distribution of nutrient, and carbon, the distribution of life in the oceans and the interaction of the oceans and atmosphere. how this interacts with the atmosphere to maintain the global environment of the Earth. Elements of physical oceanography and ocean circulation, of geochemistry, marine biology and global change science are covered.
CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (CW)	ENV-2A45C	20
Covers the major processes that set the chemical composition of the oceans, the distribution of nutrient, and carbon, the distribution of life in the oceans and the interaction of the oceans and atmosphere. Elements of physical oceanography and ocean circulation, of geochemistry, marine biology and global change science are covered. Coursework only version for Visiting Students.
CLIMATE CHANGE HISTORY, ECONOMICS AND GOVERNANCE (CW)	ENV-2A09C	20
Understanding modern and ancient depositional environments: their processes and products. Economic and environmental aspects of sediments.
CLIMATE CHANGE: PHYSICAL SCIENCE BASIS	ENV-3A49	20
Climate change and variability has played a major role in shaping human history and the prospect of a warming world as a result of human activities (global warming) presents society with an increasing challenge over the coming decades. This module covers the science of climate change, our current understanding of anthropogenic effects on climate, and the uncertainties/limitations of our scientific knowledge. It provides details about the approaches, methods and techniques for understanding the history of climate change and for developing climate projections for the next 100 years, supporting further study of the scientific or policy aspects of the subject in either an academic or applied context. Co-taught with ENV-MA49.
CLIMATE CHANGE: PHYSICAL SCIENCE BASIS	ENV-3A51	20
Climate change and variability has played a major role in shaping human history and the prospect of a warming world as a result of human activities (global warming) presents society with an increasing challenge over the coming decades. This module covers the science of climate change, our current understanding of anthropogenic effects on climate, and the uncertainties/limitations of our scientific knowledge. It provides details about the approaches, methods and techniques for understanding the history of climate change and for developing climate projections for the next 100 years, supporting further study of the scientific or policy aspects of the subject in either an academic or applied context. Co-taught with ENV-MA49. This module is restricted to MSci Climate Science students only.
CLIMATE CHANGE: SCIENCE AND POLICY	ENV-2A09	20
Understanding modern and ancient depositional environments: their processes and products. Economic and environmental aspects of sediments.
COMBINATORICS	MTH-2G40	10
BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE MTH-1C17 OR EQUIVALENT 1. Colouring Things: Graphs, Colourings, chromatic numbers, and Ramsey Theory. 2. Counting Things: Binomial coefficients, Inclusion-Exclusion formula, Compositions and partitions.
CRYPTOGRAPHY	MTH-2G27	10
Cryptography is the science of keeping secrets secret. Throughout history there are numerous examples of use of cryptography. For instance, Caesar himself used to send encrypted messages to his generals using the now-called Caesar cypher. Nowadays, with the development of internet, the need for efficient ways to communicate private data has never been greater._In this course, we will first give a brief account of cryptography through history, we will then introduce some results in number theory which are essential to cryptography and finally, we will study some of the most famous cryptosystems (such as RSA). MTH-1C36 is not a prerequisite or co-requisite but is recommended.
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS	MTH-2C41	10
THIS MODULE IS RESERVED FOR STUDENTS ON U1N323401- ACTUARIAL SCIENCES AND U1G390301 - BUSINESS STATISTICS- Differential Equations: Fourier series. Partial differential equations (PDEs): diffusion equation, wave equation, Laplace's equation. Solution by separation of variables in Cartesian and polar co-ordinates. Ordinary differential equations (ODEs): solution by reduction of order and variation of parameters. Series solution and the method of Frobenius. Legendre's and Bessel's equations: Legendre polynomials, Bessel functions and their recurrence relations.
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (CW ONLY)	MTH-2C41C	10
THIS MODULE IS RESERVED FOR VISITING STUDENTS: Differential Equations: Fourier series. Partial differential equations (PDEs): diffusion equation, wave equation, Laplace's equation. Solution by separation of variables in Cartesian and polar co-ordinates. Ordinary differential equations (ODEs): solution by reduction of order and variation of parameters. Series solution and the method of Forbenius. Legendre's and Bessel's equations: Legendre polynomials, Bessel functions and their recurrence relations.
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND ALGORITHMS	MTH-2C4Y	20
(a) Differential Equations: Fourier series. Partial differential equations (PDEs): diffusion equation, wave equation, Laplace's equation. Solution by separation of variables in Cartesian and polar coordinates. Ordinary differential equations (ODEs): solution by reduction of order and variation of parameters. Series solution and the method of Frobenius. Legendre's and Bessel's equations: Legendre polynomials, Bessel functions and their recurrence relations. (b) Algorithms: An introduction to a variety of numerical methods. Solution of linear algebraic equations. Solution of nonlinear equations. Numerical integration. Numerical Solution of ODEs.
DYNAMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY	MTH-3E48	20
This course applies fluid dynamics to the study of the circulation of the oceans. Topics studied include: geostrophic flow, Ekman layers, wind driven circulation, western boundary currents (e.g. the Gulf Steam), abyssal circulation, Rossby waves, Kelvin waves, Equatorial dynamics, Southern Ocean dynamics.
EARTH AND LIFE	ENV-3A38	20
This module introduces Earth system science, taking a top-down approach to the Earth as a whole system, and tracing its development since its formation 4.5 billion years ago. The main focus is on the coupled evolution of life and its environment through a series of revolutions. Theoretical approaches are introduced, including Gaia, feedback mechanisms and systems theory, and practical sessions use models to build up conceptual understanding. The subject is inherently inter-disciplinary, including aspects of biology, chemistry and physics, and unifying the study of climate and global biogeochemical cycles. Co-taught with ENV-MA38.
EARTH SCIENCE FIELD SKILLS	ENV-2A98K	10
In addition to the laboratory-based skills offered in ENV 2A96 (Earth Science Skills) this module concentrates on Earth Science field observation, description and interpretation. During a residential course you will develop a field skill-set, which is designed for students planning an independent project requiring Earth Science field skills. This module is strongly recommended for Environmental Earth Science students. The primary focus will be on geological mapping, structure and stratigraphy, but this module may include hydrogeological, geochemical and Quaternary techniques depending on field location and staff availability. Assessment is course work only. Students should have completed at least 40 credits of Earth Science or Geophysics modules before taking this module.
EARTH SCIENCE SKILLS	ENV-2A96	10
Good observational and descriptive skills lie at the heart of many areas of Environmental Science. This module is designed to develop those and is particularly suitable for students with interests in Earth and Geophysical Sciences. It will cover generic Earth Science skills of use for projects in this area. The module will include: observing, describing and recording the characteristics of geological materials (hand specimen and under microscope); measuring and representing 3d data, and reading geological maps. It will be taught mostly in laboratory classes and by self-study exercises. Taught in the second half of the semester. Before taking this module you must take or be enrolled on at least 40 credits from this list - ENV-2A12, ENV-2A12K, ENV-2A43, ENV-2A65, ENV-2A25, ENV-2A27, ENV-2A30.
EARTH SYSTEM GEOCHEMISTRY	ENV-2A30	20
Examines how the earth system and its geochemical cycling operate on both global and micro scales. Emphasis is on natural cycles, starting with big themes such as crust-hydrosphere-biosphere interaction and its effects on the long term C cycle, including regulation of carbon dioxide. Elements, isotopes, organic molecules (and their isotopic compositions) are used as tracers of processes and events in earth history. Organic matter, its chemistry and its relationship to both the C and S cycles is explored. Dating of geological materials with radiometric methods is introduced. The course explores themes in both deep time (millions of years) and more recent glacial-interglacial cycles (thousands to hundreds of thousands of years).
EARTH SYSTEM GEOCHEMISTRY	ENV-2A30	20
Examines how the earth system and its geochemical cycling operate on both global and micro scales. Emphasis is on natural cycles, starting with big themes such as crust-hydrosphere-biosphere interaction and its effects on the long term C cycle, including regulation of carbon dioxide. Elements, isotopes, organic molecules (and their isotopic compositions) are used as tracers of processes and events in earth history. Organic matter, its chemistry and its relationship to both the C and S cycles is explored. Dating of geological materials with radiometric methods is introduced. The course explores themes in both deep time (millions of years) and more recent glacial-interglacial cycles (thousands to hundreds of thousands of years).
EARTHQUAKE AND VOLCANIC HAZARDS	ENV-3A04	20
The aim of the module is to be able to solve geophysical problems (both physical and chemical) in a methodical way. Problems will be described conceptionally, then defined mathematically, then solved numerically. Emphasis on numerical solutions to partial differential equations encountered in geophysical sciences: their stability and accuracy. Case studies from meteorology, oceanography, hydrology and geophysics. Extensive project work involved.
EARTHQUAKE AND VOLCANIC HAZARDS WITH FIELDCOURSE	ENV-3A04K	20
Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions have significant environmental and societal impacts. This module focuses on the physical basis and analysis of each hazard, their global range of occurrence and their global impact. The module also addresses approaches towards hazard mitigation and minimising vulnerability, with an emphasis on their practical implication. Scenarios and probabilities occurrence of mega-disasters are also investigated. A one week field trip in Scotland takes place to introduce you to various aspects of natural hazards and in particular to faulting and earthquake hazards. This module is co-taught with ENV-MA04K
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM	MTH-3E74	20
The behaviour of electric and magnetic fields is fundamental to many features of life we take for granted yet the underlying equations are surprisingly compact and elegant. We will begin with an historical overview of electrodynamics to see where the governing equations (Maxwell's) come from. We will then use these equations as axioms and apply them to a variety of situations including electro- and magneto-statics problems and then time-dependent problems (eg electromagnetic waves). We shall also consider how the equations change in an electromagnetic media and look at some simple examples.
EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS	ENV-2B52	10
In this module you will acquire the generic work-ready skills relevant to graduate level employment in the Environmental business sector. The module objectives and content is shaped by consultation with managers of business in the Environmental Sciences sector including Local Government, Providers of Environmental Services and Utilities, Energy Exploration, Sustainable Energy Resources, Conservation and Not-for-profit organisations. These highly desirable work-ready skills that are currently lacking in the majority of graduate students will be taught through a theoretical understanding and supported by practice of skills through environmental case studies that include sessions led by guest speakers associated with a range of Environmental business.
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY	ENV-2A92	10
This module is designed to teach skills necessary for the acquisition of good quality chemical data in environmental systems, and in the interpretation of this data. The module will focus on the collection of environmental samples for chemical analysis, methods of chemical analysis and the analytical and mathematical techniques used for data quality control. There will be a large component of practical work. This module will be particularly relevant for those wishing to do a chemistry-related project later in their degree. Taught in the first half of the semester.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS AND POLICY MAKING	ENV-2A06	20
Examines the theoretical and empirical development of environmental politics in modern society (mostly in the European Union) including: the sources of modern environmentalism and its many manifestations in modern policy making systems; the environmental policies of the UK and the European Union; different theories of political power and public policy making; the role of environmental pressure groups and business; global environmental politics and policy making. The module draws heavily on the theoretical interpretation of everyday examples of politics, which are explored in student seminar presentations and in an extended case study (i.e. essay). This module is co-convened by Professor Andrew Jordan and Dr Irene Lorenzoni.
FIELD COURSE TO EAST AFRICA	ENV-3A55K	20
This fourteen-day field course to a remote part of north-western Kenya is set provisionally to run in late June/early July 2013 and only if 24 students accept a place. A significant personal contribution towards costs is required. The field course will be advertised in November 2012 via emails to eligible students and applications are made directly to the module organizer. Places will be offered and must be accepted before the Christmas Break. Planning begins in February 2013 and preparatory sessions are held throughout the Spring Semester. All preparation sessions are compulsory and involve lectures (1-2 pm on Wednesdays), tutorials for working groups (unslotted), first-aid training and attendance at a travel clinic. With the help of a project adviser, three-person groups develop a project design that will test in Kenya hypotheses in ecology, social science or an interdisciplinary combination of these. Different projects have different learning outcomes depending on the subject of the project. All projects work within limits set by health and safety. This module is incompatible with any Spring semester module that uses Wednesdays 1-2 pm for formal or informal classes.
FLUIDS AND SOLIDS	MTH-2C2Y	20
(a) Hydrostatics, compressibility. Kinematics: velocity, particle path, streamlines. Continuity, incompressibility, streamtubes. Dynamics: Material derivative, Euler's equations, vorticity and irrotational flows. Velocity potential and streamfunction. Bernoulli's equation for unsteady flow. Circulation: Kelvin's Theorem, Helmholtz's theorems. Basic water waves. (b) An introduction to continuum physics, linear elasticity as an example. The strain and stress tensors. Conservation of mass, linear momentum, angular momentum. Equilibrium equations, symmetry of stress tensor. Generalised Hooke's law. Bulk, shear and Young's moduli, Poisson's ratio. Strain energy. Boundary-value problems, Bending and torsion of a rod. Plane P and S waves.
FOSSIL FUELS	ENV-3A33	20
Geological, economic and political aspects of fossil fuels (oil, natural gas and coal) are introduced. These are used to discuss environmental concerns arising from the use of fossil fuels, and the potentially profound implications of future fuel scarcity. This module is suitable for students taking degrees in the School of Environmental Sciences. Some knowledge of Earth Science will be expected. Before taking this module you must take or be taking at least 20 credits or Earth Science or Geophysics modules at honours level.
FREE SURFACE FLOWS	MTH-3D77	20
Inviscid jets; stability analysis; infinite jet; semi-infinite jet; one-dimensional approximations; viscous jets; similarity solutions and breakup. Drops; satellite droplets. Uniform and nonuniform inviscid liquid sheets; temporal instability, convective/absolute instability. Viscous liquid sheets, waves on liquid sheets. Numerical simulations.
Fossil Fuel (CW)	ENV-3A33C	20
Geological, economic and political aspects of fossil fuels (oil, natural gas and coal) are introduced. These are used to discuss environmental concerns arising from the use of fossil fuels, and the potentially profound implications of future fuel scarcity. CW only version of ENV-3A33 for Autumn Visiting Students only. Students should have some background knowledge of Earth Science or Geophysics.
GALOIS THEORY	MTH-3E21	20
The module leads to a proof of the insolubility of quintic equations. Amongst the topics covered are field extensions, normality and separability. The Galois correspondence and Galois groups. The existence and uniqueness of finite fields and transcendence.
GEODYNAMICS: EARTH'S ENGINE	ENV-2A43	20
Processes in the Earth’s interior have exerted a profound influence on all aspects of the Earth’s system through geological time. This module is designed to explore all aspects of those processes from the creation and destruction of tectonic plates to the structure of the Earth’s interior and the distribution and dissipation of energy within it. This will include: the theory and mechanisms of plate tectonics, the heat distribution of the Earth’s interior, the generation of magma and volcanism; the mechanisms behind earthquakes and distribution of seismic energy. The geological record of this activity, its evolution and impacts on the Earth will also be discussed.
GEODYNAMICS: EARTH'S ENGINE (CW)	ENV-2A43C	20
Processes in the Earth��s interior have exerted a profound influence on all aspects of the Earth��s system through geological time. This module is designed to explore all aspects of those processes from the creation and destruction of tectonic plates to the structure of the Earth��s interior and the distribution and dissipation of energy within it. This will include: the theory and mechanisms of plate tectonics, the heat distribution of the Earth��s interior, the generation of magma and volcanism; the mechanisms behind earthquakes and distribution of seismic energy. The geological record of this activity, its evolution and impacts on the Earth will also be discussed. THIS IS FOR VISITING STUDENTS ONLY.
GEOSCIENCES FIELDCOURSE	ENV-3A57K	20
This module is designed to promote a deeper understanding and integration of geoscience subjects: the fieldwork will usually concentrate on aspects of structural geology, regional tectonics, hydrogeology, sedimentology, palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironments, metamorphic geology and volcanology. A key feature of the course is that the location is chosen where there are excellent and substantial exposures of rock formation showing evidence of processes. The field base alternates between the Aegean (Greece) and Western Ireland, and the detailed content will reflect the field sites.
GEOSCIENCES FIELDCOURSE: GREECE	ENV-3A77K	20
This module is designed to promote a deeper understanding and integration of geoscience subjects: the fieldwork will usually concentrate on aspects of structural geology, regional tectonics, hydrogeology, sedimentology, palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironments, metamorphic geology and volcanology. A key feature of the course is that the location is chosen where there are excellent and substantial exposures of rock formation showing evidence of processes. This module runs alternate years with ENV-3A57K (Geosciences Fieldcourse: Ireland). This is to enable field base alternates between the Aegean (Greece) and Western Ireland, and the detailed content will reflect the field sites. This module is co-taught with ENV-MA77K.
GIS SKILLS FOR DISSERTATIONS	ENV-2A94	10
This module focuses on the practical use of GIS for dissertations. After an introductory ‘refresher’ of GIS basics it will review the different techniques that can be used to create and edit data in a GIS, as well as existing digital databases from which map data can be extracted and downloaded. Particular attention will be given to Ordnance Survey mapping for the UK, but other international resources will also be discussed. The module will emphasise issues of error and uncertainty as they apply to spatial data and introduce the use of the ArcGIS ModelBuilder as a way of documenting and efficiently repeating more complex analysis procedures. Assessment will be through a small group project involving the download, integration, analysis and display of spatial data. Taught in the second half of the semester.
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE	ENV-3A20	20
An exploration of both the scientific causes of global environmental change and the integrative and complex nature of the societal response to such changes. An examination of attempts to predict future trends in the global environmental over the next few centuries. Topics covered include climate change, the carbon cycle, global pollution, and sea level rise. Group projects will tackle multi-disciplinary topics within these areas, using research literature and by interaction with researchers currently in these fields.
GRAPH THEORY	MTH-3E23	20
Graphs are among the simplest mathematical structures: sets of points which may or may not be linked by edges. Not surprisingly such structures are fundamental in many parts of science. We give a thorough introduction to the topological, combinatorial and algebraic properties of graphs.
HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS	MTH-3D71	20
Origins of Counting and Mathematical thinking, the uses and devices of Mathematics in early civilisations. Mathematics as pillar of Greek culture, philosophy and science with particular reference to work of Euclid, Archimedes and Apollonius. The decline of Mathematics in the Dark and Middle Ages with reawakening of interest in Europe through applications in Astronomy, Navigation, Art and Commerce. The Scientific Revolution, the work of Isaac Newton, the conceptual development and logical formulation of the Calculus. The postmodern approach to Algebra and Geometry in the early 19th Century, the concept of Relativity. Students will need some mathematical knowledge to attempt the module.
HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS (CW)	MTH-3D71C	20
THIS MODULE IS RESERVED FOR AUTUMN SEMESTER VISITING STUDENTS ONLY. Origins of Counting and Mathematical thinking, the uses and devices of Mathematics in early civilisations. Mathematics as pillar of Greek culture, philosophy and science with particular reference to work of Euclid, Archimedes and Apollonius. The decline of Mathematics in the Dark and Middle Ages with reawakening of interest in Europe through applications in Astronomy, Navigation, Art and Commerce. The Scientific Revolution, the work of Isaac Newton, the conceptual development and logical formulation of the Calculus. The postmodern approach to Algebra and Geometry in the early C19, the concept of Relativity. Students will need some mathematical knowledge to attempt the unit.
HYDROLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY	ENV-2A65	20
An introduction to hydrology and hydrogeology: the basic equations describing fluid movement in groundwater systems will be derived and applied. The main techniques to investigate groundwater flow systems are highlighted. Water circulation within river catchments is discussed by means of the catchment water balance. The physical process represented by each component of the water balance will be covered as well as the current methods of quantifying these fluxes of water within the catchment . Principles of catchment modelling are outlined.
HYDROLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY (CW)	ENV-2A65C	20
An introduction to hydrology and hydrogeology: the basic equations describing fluid movement in groundwater systems will be derived and applied. The main techniques to investigate groundwater flow systems are highlighted. Water circulation within river catchments is discussed by means of the catchment water balance. The physical process represented by each component of the water balance will be covered as well as the current methods of quantifying these fluxes of water within the catchment . Principles of catchment modelling are outlined. Coursework only version for Visiting Students.
Human Geography of Climate Change	ENV-3A40	20
This module builds on, and complements, the Year 2 module Climate Change: history, economics and governance, but focuses on sociological, psychological and cultural approaches to understanding climate change in society. Climate change risks and opportunities are perceived very differently within and between societies and this module will explore some of the reasons for this, including issues such as cultural cognition of risk, climate change ethics, science controversies and climate contrarianism. The module will also consider how climate change is represented in the media through language, metaphor and image, practices which shape public and policy discourse around climate change. In recent years, the creative arts have engaged the idea of climate change through the imagination �� in film, fiction and visual form. Some of this work will be introduced and analysed in terms of communication, engagement and human values. Students will have a chance to explore some of these aspects through mini-projects which will be discussed in class seminars.
INDEPENDENT PROJECT	ENV-3A91	40
The project is an independent piece of research. With guidance from a supervisor, each student chooses a topic, designs the research and collects, analyses and interprets data. The student is expected to report on progress at various stages: in the selection of a topic, the detailed plan, an interim report and an oral presentation. A final report in the form of a dissertation not exceeding 10,000 words is required, together with a research poster which summarises the main aspects of the work. This module is compulsory for several degree courses in the School of Environmental Sciences and is restricted to Environmental Sciences students.
INTERACTIONS AND POPULATIONS	ENV-2A35	20
Ecology can be defined as the scientific study of how organisms interact with each other and their physical environment. In this module we will look closely at how interactions between individuals determine the structure and functioning of populations. We will start by considering antagonistic interactions between members of different trophic levels, their evolution and the possible coevolution. The nature of these interactions will be analysed by examining the rules that determine how animals behave while foraging, including evolution of optimal foraging strategies in relation to both diet width and patchy environments. Consideration of competition will lead into the population consequences of both within trophic level and between trophic level interactions. We will examine basic concepts of population ecology- age structure, limits to growth, time delays and density dependence illustrated using simple models and case studies of plant and animal populations set within an evolutionary context. We will move on to consider the role of mutualistic interactions in dispersal processes and spatially explicit population processes including the effect of landscape structure on population dynamics, metapopulation dynamics, ecological mechanisms (dispersal, predation) and community structure. A-level Biology is an acceptable alternative pre-requisite for this module. Please note: you cannot take this module if you have already taken ENV-2A03, BIO-2B03 or ENV-2A28.
INTERACTIONS AND POPULATIONS (CW)	ENV-2A35C	20
Ecology can be defined as the scientific study of how organisms interact with each other and their physical environment. In this module we will look closely at how interactions between individuals determine the structure and functioning of populations. We will start by considering antagonistic interactions between members of different trophic levels, their evolution and the possible coevolution. The nature of these interactions will be analysed by examining the rules that determine how animals behave while foraging, including evolution of optimal foraging strategies in relation to both diet width and patchy environments. Consideration of competition will lead into the population consequences of both within trophic level and between trophic level interactions. We will examine basic concepts of population ecology- age structure, limits to growth, time delays and density dependence illustrated using simple models and case studies of plant and animal populations set within an evolutionary context. We will move on to consider the role of mutualistic interactions in dispersal processes and spatially explicit population processes including the effect of landscape structure on population dynamics, metapopulation dynamics, ecological mechanisms (dispersal, predation) and community structure. A-level Biology is an acceptable alternative pre-requisite for this module. Please note: you cannot take this module if you have already taken ENV-2A03, BIO-2B03 or ENV-2A28. (Alternative assessment version for autumn semester visiting students.)
INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL PHYSICS	SCI-2P19	10
For students not studying this module in their first year. The module gives an overview of the role physics plays in medicine, covering three of the core disciplines of medical physics: Diagnostic and therapeutic radiological physics and medical nuclear physics. As well as a series of lectures, a number of field trips to the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital enables students to gain an insight into routine work and clinical research undertaken by medical physicists.
LOW CARBON ENERGY	ENV-2A82	20
This module will focus on the decarbonisation of energy supply and demand in a carbon constrained world. It will examine the role of energy efficiency and low carbon energy technologies, such as wind energy, solar energy, hydrogen and fuel cells, taking into consideration important current issues and sectors for application. This knowledge is used to support an analysis of future energy supply and demand that includes management, policy and technical aspects. This version of the module is assessed by coursework and an exam.
LOW CARBON ENERGY WITH FIELDCOURSE	ENV-2A82K	20
This module will focus on the decarbonisation of energy supply and demand in a carbon constrained world. It will examine the role of energy efficiency and low carbon energy technologies, such as wind energy, solar energy, hydrogen and fuel cells, taking into consideration important current issues and sectors for application. This knowledge is used to support an analysis of future energy supply and demand that includes management, policy and technical aspects. This version of the module, which includes a one week field course that will take place at Easter, is assessed by coursework and fieldwork projects. There is no exam.
MARINE SCIENCES FIELDCOURSE	ENV-2A47K	20
This 11 day 20 credit field course studies physical, chemical and biological coastal oceanographic processes and will probably take place in June. The course includes lectures and practical experience of oceanographic instrumentation, chartwork, numerical analysis of data using matlab and a poster presentation at ENV. The second week of the course will take place in Oban, using the oceanographic research ships and laboratory facilities of the Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory. The course has no pre- or co-requisites and is open to 1st and 2nd year students. However it will be of particular relevance to those studying ENV-2A39 Ocean Circulation, ENV-2A45 Chemical Oceanography and ENV-3A15 Biological Oceanography and Marine Ecology. PLEASE NOTE THAT YOU CAN ONLY ENROL ONTO THIS MODULE VIA AN APPLICATION FORM FROM THE SCHOOL AND NOT VIA THE STANDARD MODULE ENROLMENT PROCESS. ALSO THE MODULE RUNS IN THE SUMMER PRIOR TO THE START OF THE ACADEMIC YEAR.
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING	MTH-2G47	10
BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE MTH-1C27 OR MTH-1B2Y This module will look at techniques of mathematical modelling, examining how mathematics can be applied to a variety of real problems and give insight in various areas. The topics will include approximation and non-dimensionalising, and discussion of how a mathematical model is created. We will then apply this theory to a variety of models such as traffic flow as well as examples of problems arising in industry.
MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENTISTS III	ENV-2A21	20
This module contains mathematical techniques applicable to a wide range of ENV modules. Among topics covered: matrix algebra, linear equations and eigenvectors, numerical methods, vector fields, Maple programming and complex variables.
MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENTISTS III (CW)	ENV-2A21C	20
This module contains mathematical techniques applicable to a wide range of ENV modules. Among topics covered:matrix algebra, linear equations and eigenvectors, numerical methods, vector fields, maple programming and complex variables. This coursework only version is reserved for autumn semester visiting students.
MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENTISTS IV	ENV-2A22	20
This module shows how mathematics can be applied to the environment. Topics include: fluid dynamics, partial differential equations, waves, Fourier analysis, applications of solid mechanics to geophysics, including stress, strain and elasticity.
MATHEMATICS MINIPROJECT	MTH-2M01	10
This module is reserved for students registered in the School of Mathematics only. A second year project on a mathematical topic. Assessment will be by written project and poster presentation.
MATHEMATICS MINIPROJECT	MTH-2M02	10
This module is reserved for students registered in the School of Mathematics only. A second year project on a mathematical topic. Assessment will be by written project and poster presentation.
METEOROLOGY	ENV-2A23C	20
THIS IS A COURSEWORK VARIANT FOR AUTUMN SEMESTER VISITING STUDENTS ONLY. Coursework does not include fieldwork. See ENVF2A23. This module is designed to give a general introduction to meteorology, concentrating on the physical processes in the atmosphere and how these influence our weather. The module contains both descriptive and mathematical treatments of Radiation Balance, The General Circulation, Thermodynamics and Dynamics and the assessment is designed to allow those with either mathematical or descriptive abilities to do well; however a reasonable mathematical competence is essential. This coursework only version is reserved for autumn semester visiting students.
METEOROLOGY I	ENV-2A23	20
Coursework does not include fieldwork. See ENVF2A23. This module is designed to give a general introduction to meteorology, concentrating on the physical processes in the atmosphere and how these influence our weather. The module contains both descriptive and mathematical treatments of Radiation Balance, The General Circulation, Thermodynamics and Dynamics and the assessment is designed to allow those with either mathematical or descriptive abilities to do well; however a reasonable mathematical competence is essential.
METEOROLOGY II	ENV-2A24	20
This module will build upon the material covered in ENV-2A23 (Meteorology I) covering topics such as synoptic meteorology, micro-scale processes, the General Circulation and weather forecasting.
METEOROLOGY II WITH FIELDCOURSE	ENV-2A24K	20
This module will build upon material covered in ENV-2A23 (Meteorology I) covering topics such as synoptic meteorology, micro-scale processes, the General Circulation and weather forecasting. The module also includes a week long Easter vacation residential fieldcourse, based in the Lake District, focusing on micrometeorology, microclimate and synoptic processes.
MODELLING ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES	ENV-3A11	20
The aim of the module is to show how geophysical problems may be solved from the initial problem, to mathematical formulation and numerical solution. Problems will be described conceptually, then defined mathematically, then solved numerically via computer programming. The module consists of lectures on numerical methods and computing practicals (Matlab): the practicals being designed to illustrate the solution of problems using the methods covered in lectures. The module will guide students through the solution of a geophysical problem of their own choosing. The problem will be discussed and placed into context through an essay, and then solved and written up in a project report.
NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS	ENV-3A44	20
Have you ever wondered why human economic activity seems to be so bad for the environment? Does it have to be like that? Is it possible for human beings to enjoy high standards of living and a high quality environment? Through the study of the principles of Environmental Economics this course sets out to answer those questions. Addressing a wide-range of economy-environment problems including car pollution, over-fishing, climate change and declining oil stocks, the course shows that most environmental problems can be solved through the adoption of policies crafted with the careful application of economic reasoning. Co-taught with ENV-MA44.
NATURAL SCIENCES YEAR IN AUSTRALASIA	SCI-2Y4Y	120
Modules are taken at a university in Australia or New Zealand, and those taken are subject to approval by the Course Director. This module is reserved for students on U1FCG0401.
NATURAL SCIENCES YEAR IN EUROPE	SCI-2Y2Y	120
Modules taken at a European university subject to the approval of the Course Director. This module is reserved for students on U1FGC0401.
NATURAL SCIENCES YEAR IN INDUSTRY	SCI-2Y3Y	120
This module represents the year spent on work placement by students registered on the Natural Sciences degree with a Year in Industry. It is reserved for students on this course (U1GCF0401).
NATURAL SCIENCES YEAR IN NORTH AMERICA	SCI-2Y1Y	120
Modules taken at a North American university subject to the approval of the Course Director. This module is reserved for students on U1GFC0401.
NUMBER THEORY	MTH-3E56	20
This module will be assessed by 100% examination, but you may also be informally assessed by coursework and/or project. The module will begin with a topic that occupied the ancient Greeks and continues to occupy us today, namely the study of Diophantine equations. After discovering some algebraic techniques to solve these equations, we will proceed to the study of elliptic curves. The viewpoint here is one of combining geometry and algebra to study equations. The course will end with an introduction to the Riemann zeta function and the Riemann hypothesis. The latter is one of the oldest unsolved problems in mathematics, and is worth a million dollars!
OCEAN CIRCULATION	ENV-2A39	20
This module gives you an understanding of the physical processes occurring in the basin-scale ocean environment. We will introduce and discuss large scale global ocean circulation, including gyres, boundary currents and the overturning circulation. Major themes include the interaction between ocean and atmosphere, and the forces which drive ocean circulation. You should be familiar with partial differentiation, integration, handling equations and using calculators. Co-taught with ENV-MA39
OCEAN CIRCULATION (CW)	ENV-2A39C	20
This module gives you an understanding of the physical processes occurring in the basin-scale ocean environment. We will introduce and discuss large scale global ocean circulation, including gyres, boundary currents and the overturning circulation. Major themes include the interaction between ocean and atmosphere, and the forces which drive ocean circulation. You should be familiar with partial differentiation, integration, handling equations and using calculators. Co-taught with ENV-MA39. THIS MODULE IS FOR VISITING STUDENT ONLY.
PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY	ENV-3A58	20
This module investigates the geological evidence for major environmental changes through Earth history. It will explore selected topics that relate to the extent, timing and causes of past variations of climate as expressed through changes in the fossil and geological record. Lectures will draw on information from marine, ice core, terrestrial and lacustrine climate archives. Radiometric dating techniques and geochemical/quantitative methods of palaeoenvironmental reconstruction will be examined in practical classes. The module includes half-day excursions to examine key geological field sites in East Anglia. Co-taught with ENV-MA58. STUDENTS MUST TAKE EITHER ENV-2A30 EARTH SYSTEM GEOCHEMISTRY OR ENV-2A25 SEDIMENTOLOGY PRIOR TO TAKING THIS MODULE
PARTICIPATORY ENVIRONMENTAL DECISION-MAKING	ENV-3A54	20
This module explores the rise of deliberative and participatory approaches to science and decision-making as one of the most significant recent developments in the environmental field. It examines: the theories, rationales and methods of participatory environmental decision-making (PEDM); their application in different institutional, social and geographical contexts; evaluation of participatory process effectiveness; and emerging critiques of participation. There is an emphasis on case studies to address these themes, developing practical as well as theoretical understandings of participatory approaches, and associated skills in facilitating environmental deliberation. Co-taught with ENV-MA54.
PHYSICS OF MUSIC	SCI-2P15	10
This module explores the physics behind the generation and reception of music. We begin by developing some of the essential physics of wave motion and defining sound measurement terms. This equips us to analyse the physics of stringed instruments (bowed, plucked and struck), woodwind instruments, brass instruments, percussion instruments and the acoustics of singing. We also look at tuning systems, human hearing, and the physics of sound in rooms. Lab-classes include an introduction to MATLAB to enable you to record and analyse the sound of your own instrument, which constitutes the coursework. A-level standard of mathematics is preferred, but anyone without this level who is prepared to work a little to enhance their understanding of mathematics in one or two areas will be able to take this module.
POLLUTION, TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY	ENV-3A08	20
Multidisciplinary module about problems of managing pollution, focussing on regional and urban issues, this module will unashamedly shift viewpoint between chemical, legislative, economic, historical and social interpretations of pollution.
QUANTUM MECHANICS	MTH-2G50	10
The motion of very small systems such as atoms does not satisfy the equations of classical mechanics. For example an electron orbiting a nucleus can only have certain discrete energy levels. In quantum mechancis the motion of a particle is described by a wave function which describes the probability of the particle having a certain energy. Topics addressed in this module include: Wave Functions, Schrodinger's Equation, Uncertainty Principle, Wave Scattering, Harmonic Oscillators.
RESEARCH SKILLS FOR SOCIAL SCIENTISTS	ENV-2A90	10
The study of society and its relationship to the natural environment poses distinct research challenges and social science presents a range of approaches and methods with which to address these problems. This module provides an introduction to the theory and practice of social science research. It covers research design, sampling, data collection, data analysis and interpretation, and presentation of results. It is recommended for any student intending to carry out a social science-based research project. Taught in the first half of the semester.
SEDIMENTOLOGY	ENV-2A25	20
Understanding modern and ancient depositional environments: their processes and products. Economic and environmental aspects of sediments.
SEDIMENTOLOGY (CW)	ENV-2A25C	20
Coursework only version of ENV-2A25 - NB reserved for autumn semester visiting students and those students taking ENV-2G02 Semester in Australia only.
SET THEORY	MTH-3E18	20
Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. The Axiom of Choice and equivalents. Cardinality, countability, and uncountability. Trees, Combinatorial set theory.
SOIL ENVIRONMENTS AND PROCESSES (CW)	ENV-2A27C	20
This module will combine lectures, practicals, seminars and fieldwork to provide students with an appreciation of the soil environment and the processes that occurs within it. The module will progress through: basic soil components/properties; soil identification and classification; soil as a habitat; soil organisms; soils functions;the agricultural environment; soil-organism-agrochemical interation. This coursework only version is reserved for autumn semester visiting students.
SOIL PROCESSES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES	ENV-2A27	20
This module will combine lectures, practicals, seminars and fieldwork to provide students with an appreciation of the soil environment and the processes that occurs within it. The module will progress through: basic soil components/properties; soil identification and classification; soil as a habitat; soil organisms; soil functions; the agricultural environment; soil-organism-agrochemical interaction; soil contamination; soil and climate change.
SOLID EARTH GEOPHYSICS	ENV-2A12	20
What lies beneath our feet? This module addresses this question by exploring how waves, rays and the various physical techniques are used in geophysics to image the subsurface on scales of metres to kilometres . The basic theory and interpretation methods of seismic, electrical and gravity and magnetic surveys are studied. A wide range of applications is covered including archaeological geophysics, energy resources and geohazards. Students doing this module are normally expected to have a good mathematical ability, notably in calculus and algebra before taking this module (ENV-1A61 Mathematics for Scientists I, ENV-1A62 Mathematics for Scientists II or equivalent).
SOLID EARTH GEOPHYSICS WITH FIELDCOURSE	ENV-2A12K	20
What lies beneath our feet? This module addresses this question by exploring how waves, rays and the various physical techniques are used in geophysics to image the subsurface on scales of meters to kilometres. The basic theory and interpretation methods of seismic, electrical and gravity and magnetic surveys are studied. A wide range of applications is covered including archaeological geophysics, energy resources and geohazards. The fieldcourse provides "hands-on" experience of the various techniques and applications, adding on valuable practical skills. This module is highly valued by employers in industry; guest industrial lecturers will cover the current 'state-of-the-art' applications in real world situations. Students doing this module are normally expected to have a good mathematical ability, notably in calculus and algebra before taking this module (ENV-1A61 Mathematics for Scientists I, ENV-1A62 Mathematics for Scientists II or equivalent).
STATISTICAL MECHANICS	MTH-3E64	20
In principle, the laws of classical and quantum mechanics provide a complete description to allow us to predict the microscopic state of a system. However, for a large class of systems consisting of many degrees of freedom (e.g. molecules in a gas), it is completely impractical nor even necessary to adopt such a detailed description. Rather, it is typically sufficient to seek a macroscopic formulation that is related to the microscopic properties of the problem. This is what we commonly do, for example, when modelling the dynamics of fluids as functions of the macroscopic variables such as pressure, temperature, and density. The course will begin by using very elementary concepts of probability theory to derive macroscopic thermodynamic properties such as temperature from the microscopic properties of individual atoms or molecules. At very low temperatures, quantum effects begin to play an important role. By extending our analysis to such systems, we are able to predict the existence of a new state of matter known as a Bose-Einstein condensate which was first produced in the Laboratory as recently as 1995. The tools of statistical mechanics are useful in many branches of applied mathematics.��While the module is self-contained, it is strongly recommended that students also take MTH-2G50 which will reinforce a number of the concepts used here.
THE CARBON CYCLE AND CLIMATE CHANGE	ENV-3A31	20
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the greenhouse gas which has, by far, the greatest impact on climate change. CO2 is becoming even more important owing to continued fossil fuel emissions and its very long lifetime in the atmosphere. Predicting future climate or defining ��dangerous�� climate change is challenging, in large part because the Earth��s carbon cycle is very complex and not fully understood. You will learn about the atmospheric, oceanic and terrestrial components of the carbon cycle, how they interact with each other, and how they interact with climate in so-called ��feedbacks��. The understanding of the carbon cycle gained from this module is a vital foundation for all climate change research. Emphasis is given to the most recent, cutting-edge research in the field. Co-taught with ENV-MA31.
THE CARBON CYCLE AND CLIMATE CHANGE (CW)	ENV-3A31C	20
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the greenhouse gas which has, by far, the greatest impact on climate change. CO2 is becoming even more important owing to continued fossil fuel emissions and its very long lifetime in the atmosphere. Predicting future climate or defining ��dangerous�� climate change is challenging, in large part because the Earth��s carbon cycle is very complex and not fully understood. You will learn about the atmospheric, oceanic and terrestrial components of the carbon cycle, how they interact with each other, and how they interact with climate in so-called ��feedbacks��. The understanding of the carbon cycle gained from this module is a vital foundation for all climate change research. Emphasis is given to the most recent, cutting-edge research in the field. Co-taught with ENV-MA31.
THE LEARNING & TEACHING OF MATHEMATICS	MTH-3T01	10
This module explores theories of learning and teaching mathematics at secondary and post-compulsory level. Preparation for initial Teacher Training is discussed. This module is recommended for mathematics students considering mathematics teaching as a career. This module is for Year 3 Mathematics students only.
THEORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT	ENV-3A63	20
Environmental assessment is a term used to describe procedures for evaluating the potential environmental consequences of policies, programmes, plans and projects. It is a well established tool for environmental policy integration, being routinely employed in more than 100 nations and by many international aid and funding agencies. This multidisciplinary module focuses on the theory and methods of environmental assessment and the decision-making contexts in which they are employed. It explains the procedural stages of, and selected methodologies for, environmental assessment and provides practical experience in applying them. Co-taught with ENV-MA63.
THEORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (CW)	ENV-3A63C	20
THIS IS A COURSEWORK VARIANT FOR AUTUMN SEMESTER VISITING STUDENTS ONLY. Environmental assessment is a term used to describe procedures for evaluating the potential environmental consequences of policies, programmes, plans and projects. It is a well established tool for environmental policy integration, being routinely employed in more than 100 nations and by many international aid and funding agencies. This multidisciplinary module focuses on the theory and methods of environmental assessment and the decision-making contexts in which they are employed. It explains the procedural stages of, and selected methodologies for, environmental assessment and provides practical experience in applying them. Co-taught with ENV-MA63.
WAVES, TIDES AND SHALLOW WATER PROCESSES	ENV-2A40	20
This module will explore physical processes in the ocean, building on what you learnt in Ocean Circulation. There will be a focus on applications of ocean physics to shelf seas. Topics will include: Tide generation, forces, harmonic tidal analysis of time series, propagation in shallow seas; Surface and internal waves, their role in air-sea exchange and upper ocean mixing; Role of tides and internal waves in global ocean mixing; Impact of ocean physics on biogeochemical processes, including seasonal phytoplankton blooms and shelf sea fronts; Remote sensing of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll shelf seas. Estuarine circulation and sediment transport; Applications of ocean physics to water quality and pollution monitoring; Role of ocean science in the marine energy industry. This module is designed to follow on from ENV-2A39, which is a pre-requisite. We strongly recommend that you also gain experience of marine fieldwork by taking the 20-credit biennial Marine Sciences fieldcourse, next running in June 2013.
YEAR ABROAD IN EUROPE	ENV-2Y2Y	120
A year long course of study at a continental European university currently, we offer exchanges with universities in Sweden, France and Spain. The exact form of assessment will vary from institution to institution and will normally be conducted in the language of the host country. The modules studied overseas must be approved in advance by the Course Director. All changes whilst abroad must also be approved in advance by the Course Director.
YEAR ABROAD IN NORTH AMERICA	ENV-2Y1Y	120
Modules taken at an overseas university subject to the approval of the Course Director.
YEAR IN AUSTRALASIA	ENV-2Y4Y	120
Modules are taken at a university in Australia or New Zealand, and those taken are subject to approval by the course director.
YEAR IN AUSTRALIA	MTH-3X4Y	120
A year studying in Australia.
YEAR IN INDUSTRY	ENV-2Y5Y	100
This module represents the year spent on work placement by students registered on an ENV programme incorporating a year in industry. Assessment is purely on a pass/fail basis with respect to completing a work placement, complementary to the degree, of at least nine months duration. A separate compulsory module, CCE-2A2Y, associated with the year in industry, does have additional assignments.
YEAR IN NORTH AMERICA	MTH-3X3Y	120
A year studying in North America.

Free Choice Study (20 credits)

Students will select modules worth 20 credits from the course catalogue with the approval of their School

Compulsory Study (60 credits)

Students must study the following modules for 60 credits:

Name	Code	Credits
RESEARCH TRAINING PROJECT	ENV-MA9Y	60
This year long module involves individual research in the environmental sciences with the topic suggested by and closely directed by a supervisor. The work will develop research skills through learning by doing and will be presented as a seminar and in the form of a research paper. The project differs from Year 3 project in requiring greater time and higher expected standards of research design and application of data.

Option A Study (20 credits)

Students will select 20 credits from the following modules:

Name	Code	Credits
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND GLOBAL CHANGE	ENV-MA37	20
Atmospheric chemistry is in the news: stratospheric ozone depletion, acid rain, greenhouse gases, and global scale air pollution are seen as some of the most significant environmental problems of our age. Chemical composition and transformations underlie these issues, and drive many important atmospheric processes. This module covers the fundamental chemical principles and underlying physical processes in the atmosphere from the stratosphere to the surface, and considers the role of chemistry in current issues of atmospheric chemical change through a series of lectures, seminars, laboratory sessions and some field work. A secure background in maths and chemistry (e.g. AS-level or equivalent) is recommended. ENV-MA80 and ENV-MA02 are natural follow-on modules, and build on some of the concepts introduced here.
ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION: MEASUREMENT AND MODELLING	ENV-MA80	20
Emissions of gases and other pollutants from human activities are critical drivers of phenomena such as climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, degradation of air quality in urban and rural areas, long-range transport of air pollution, and changes in aerosol and cloud physical properties. To understand these impacts it is necessary to make atmospheric measurements of chemical composition and physical parameters, and to interpret these observations with a range of statistical, conceptual, and computer-based models. In this module you will be introduced to a range of modern atmospheric measurements techniques, both those used in the field and in the laboratory. Consideration will be given to the relevant chemical and physical processes that are required to understand these observations. You will also learn about a range of interpretive techniques including numerical models, and you will put some of these in to practice. Co-taught with ENV-3A80. It is recommended that students have previously taken ENV-MA97. MSci STUDENTS NOTE, TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A80 OR EQUIVALENT
CLIMATE CHANGE: PHYSICAL SCIENCE BASIS	ENV-MA49	20
Climate change and variability has played a major role in shaping human history and the prospect of a warming world as a result of human activities (global warming) presents society with an increasing challenge over the coming decades. This module covers the science of climate change and our current understanding of anthropogenic effects on climate. It provides details about the approaches, methods and techniques for understanding the history of climate change and for developing climate projections for the next 100 years, supporting further study of the scientific or policy aspects of the subject in either an academic or applied context. Co-taught with ENV-3A49. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A49 OR EQUIVALENT
DYNAMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY	MTH-3E48	20
This course applies fluid dynamics to the study of the circulation of the oceans. Topics studied include: geostrophic flow, Ekman layers, wind driven circulation, western boundary currents (e.g. the Gulf Steam), abyssal circulation, Rossby waves, Kelvin waves, Equatorial dynamics, Southern Ocean dynamics.
EARTH AND LIFE	ENV-MA38	20
This module introduces Earth system science, taking a top-down approach to the Earth as a whole system, and tracing its development since its formation 4.5 billion years ago. The main focus is on the coupled evolution of life and its environment through a series of revolutions. Theoretical approaches are introduced, including Gaia, feedback mechanisms and systems theory, and practical sessions use models to build up conceptual understanding. The subject is inherently inter-disciplinary, including aspects of biology, chemistry and physics, and unifying the study of climate and global biogeochemical cycles. Co-taught with ENV-3A38. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A38 OR EQUIVALENT
FREE SURFACE FLOWS WITH ADVANCED TOPICS	MTH-MD77	20
Inviscid jets; stability analysis; infinite jet; semi-infinite jet; one-dimensional approximations; viscous jets; similarity solutions and breakup. Drops; satellite droplets. Uniform and nonuniform inviscid liquid sheets; temporal instability, convective/absolute instability. Viscous liquid sheets, waves on liquid sheets. Numerical simulations. Advanced Topic: Computational methods for free surface flows (Level set method, VOF).
MARINE ECOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY	ENV-MA15	20
This module examines the ecological processes that underpin our dependence on and use of the marine environment for 'goods and services'. Students will study the ecology of marine organisms (from bacteria to fish), which provide the 'services' of climate modulation, nutrient regeneration and food production, threats to the sustainability of these services and the management challenges that result. The module will cover the evolution, biodiversity and molecular ecology of bacteria, diatoms, coccolithophores and nitrogen fixers, the physiology and distribution of zooplankton, the ecology of exploited populations and management of the marine environment including fisheries. Example ecosystems such as the Antarctic, mid ocean gyres and Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems will be studied in detail and predictions of the impact of environmental change (increasing temperature, decreasing pH, decreasing oxygen, changes in nutrient supply and human exploitation) on marine ecosystems dynamics will be examined. Biological oceanographic methods will be critically evaluated. The module also includes lectures by biological oceanographers from the Centre for the Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS).
PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY	ENV-MA58	20
This module investigates the geological evidence for major environmental changes through Earth history. It will explore selected topics that relate to the extent, timing and causes of past variations of climate as expressed through changes in the fossil and geological record. Lectures will draw on information from marine, ice core, terrestrial and lacustrine climate archives. Radiometric dating techniques and geochemical/quantitative methods of palaeoenvironmental reconstruction will be examined in practical classes. The module includes half-day excursions to examine key geological field sites in East Anglia. Co-taught with ENV-3A58. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A58 OR EQUIVALENT
THE CARBON CYCLE AND CLIMATE CHANGE	ENV-MA31	20
Carbon dioxide is the greenhouse gas which has, by far, the greatest impact on climate change. Carbon dioxide is becoming even more important owing to continued fossil fuel emissions and its very long lifetime in the atmosphere. Predicting future climate or defining ‘dangerous’ climate change is challenging, in large part because the Earth’s carbon cycle is very complex and not fully understood. You will learn about the atmospheric, oceanic and terrestrial components of the carbon cycle, how they interact with each other, and how they interact with climate in so-called ‘feedbacks’. The understanding of the carbon cycle gained from this module is a vital foundation for all climate change research. Emphasis is given to the most recent, cutting-edge research in the field. Co-taught with ENV-3A31. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A31 OR EQUIVALENT
WAVE, TIDAL AND HYDRO ENERGY ENGINEERING	ENG-MA06	20
This module studies renewable energy sources that use the energy stored in water to produce electrical energy. An examination is made into the potential energy and kinetic energy stored in water, either implicitly through waves/tide or explicitly in hydro. Devices for energy extraction from waves are examined with the effect of wave height, period and speed considered. Tidal energy extraction devices are also studied with design decisions regarding the tide-pool considered. Finally the design and operation of hydroelectric turbines is studied. Practicalities are discussed such as the characteristics of regions that are suitable for each of the energy generation modes and how measurements can be made as to a site's likely energy output.
WIND ENERGY ENGINEERING	ENG-MA04	20
Wind energy is the main provider of renewable energy and the source that is receiving the majority of investment in both the UK and overseas, making its study vital to energy engineering. This module begins by examining the kinetic energy of air and the design of wind turbines to extract this energy. Relationships between wind speed, blade area, turbine height and resulting output power are studied. Different turbine designs are examined and comparisons made of their effectiveness. Issues regarding placement of wind turbines are discussed as well as the choice of onshore or offshore locations. Practical considerations are discussed and include data collection of wind speeds for possible wind farm sites and implications of optimal spacing of turbines.

Option B Study (40 credits)

Students will select 40 credits from the following modules:

Name	Code	Credits
ASYMPTOTIC ANALYSIS WITH ADVANCED TOPICS	MTH-ME37	20
This 20 credit module provides introduction to asymptotic analysis of algebraic equations, ordinary and partial differential equations and integrals. Asymptotic analysis is an important tool in almost all branches of science and engineering. This analysis provides useful but approximate solutions and formulae with an accuracy which is well understood and controllable. The course covers asymptotic expansions, divergent asymptotic series, local approximations, regular and singular perturbations of solutions, asymptotic formulae, Laplace and Fourier integrals, method of strained coordinates, method of multiple scales, matched asymptotic expansions, matching rules. Advanced topic: Hydrodynamic models, Asymptotic analysis of fluid flows.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND GLOBAL CHANGE	ENV-MA37	20
Atmospheric chemistry is in the news: stratospheric ozone depletion, acid rain, greenhouse gases, and global scale air pollution are seen as some of the most significant environmental problems of our age. Chemical composition and transformations underlie these issues, and drive many important atmospheric processes. This module covers the fundamental chemical principles and underlying physical processes in the atmosphere from the stratosphere to the surface, and considers the role of chemistry in current issues of atmospheric chemical change through a series of lectures, seminars, laboratory sessions and some field work. A secure background in maths and chemistry (e.g. AS-level or equivalent) is recommended. ENV-MA80 and ENV-MA02 are natural follow-on modules, and build on some of the concepts introduced here.
ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION: MEASUREMENT AND MODELLING	ENV-MA80	20
Emissions of gases and other pollutants from human activities are critical drivers of phenomena such as climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, degradation of air quality in urban and rural areas, long-range transport of air pollution, and changes in aerosol and cloud physical properties. To understand these impacts it is necessary to make atmospheric measurements of chemical composition and physical parameters, and to interpret these observations with a range of statistical, conceptual, and computer-based models. In this module you will be introduced to a range of modern atmospheric measurements techniques, both those used in the field and in the laboratory. Consideration will be given to the relevant chemical and physical processes that are required to understand these observations. You will also learn about a range of interpretive techniques including numerical models, and you will put some of these in to practice. Co-taught with ENV-3A80. It is recommended that students have previously taken ENV-MA97. MSci STUDENTS NOTE, TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A80 OR EQUIVALENT
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND HUMAN SOCIETY	ENV-MA17	20
This is an inter-disciplinary module focusing on the interaction between ecology, biodiversity and human societies. It examines the human drivers of biodiversity loss, the importance of biodiversity to human society, conflicts between human society and conservation and how these can be resolved, and institutions for biodiversity conservation and environmental management. It is designed for students of Biology, Ecology, Environmental Science, Environmental Geography and International Development. This inter-disciplinary module does not require previous detailed knowledge of ecological mechanisms: where a simple understanding of key ecological processes is important, this will be reviewed and taught in class. Key principles, issues and theory are covered in lectures by UEA faculty. These are supported by case studies from external speakers working in conservation, environmental and resource management agencies and NGOs. The module will comprise two core lectures plus one workshop / seminar / outside speaker each week. Co-taught with ENV-3A17. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A17 OR EQUIVALENT
CATCHMENT WATER RESOURCES	ENV-MA60	20
This module will adopt an integrated approach to studying surface water and groundwater resources in river basins. Approaches to catchment management will be considered in the context of improving water-dependent terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Topics of climate change impacts on water resources in terms of droughts and floods, as well as water quality issues arising from changing land-use patterns will be considered, together with the engineering and socio-economic methods necessary to adapt to future pressures on water resources. Co-taught with ENV-3A60. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A60 OR EQUIVALENT
CATCHMENT WATER RESOURCES	ENV-MA60C	20
This module will adopt an integrated approach to studying surface water and groundwater resources in river basins. Approaches to catchment management will be considered in the context of improving water-dependent terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Topics of climate change impacts on water resources in terms of droughts and floods, as well as water quality issues arising from changing land-use patterns will be considered, together with the engineering and socio-economic methods necessary to adapt to future pressures on water resources. Co-taught with ENV-3A60 & ENV-MA60. THIS MODULE IS ONLY AVAILABLE STUDENTS ENROLLED ONTO THE VISITING STUDIES ENVIROMENTAL SCIENCES (EMAE).
CLIMATE CHANGE: PHYSICAL SCIENCE BASIS	ENV-MA49	20
Climate change and variability has played a major role in shaping human history and the prospect of a warming world as a result of human activities (global warming) presents society with an increasing challenge over the coming decades. This module covers the science of climate change and our current understanding of anthropogenic effects on climate. It provides details about the approaches, methods and techniques for understanding the history of climate change and for developing climate projections for the next 100 years, supporting further study of the scientific or policy aspects of the subject in either an academic or applied context. Co-taught with ENV-3A49. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A49 OR EQUIVALENT
CLIMATE CHANGE: PHYSICAL SCIENCE BASIS	ENV-MA51	20
Climate change and variability has played a major role in shaping human history and the prospect of a warming world as a result of human activities (principally via changing atmospheric composition) presents society with an increasing challenge over the coming decades. This module covers the science of climate change and our current understanding of anthropogenic effects on climate. It provides details about the approaches, methods and techniques for understanding the history of climate change and for developing climate projections for the next 100 years, supporting further study of the scientific or policy aspects of the subject in either an academic or applied context. Co-taught with ENV-3A51. MSci STUDENTS NOTE, TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A49/51 OR EQUIVALENT
CONCEPTS OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS	MTH-MA01	20
Available subject to the approval of the MTH MSc Course Director. Differential Equations: Fourier series. Partial differential equations (PDEs): diffusion equation, wave equation, Laplace's equation. Solution by separation of variables in Cartesian and polar co-ordinates. Ordinary differential equations (ODEs): solution by reduction of order and variation of parameters. Series solution and the method of Frobenius. Legendre's and Bessel's equations: Legendre polynomials, Bessel functions and their recurrence relations. Hydrodynamics: Hydrostatics, compressibility. Kinematics: velocity, particle path, streamlines. Continuity, incompressibility, streamtubes. Dynamics: Material derivative, Euler's equations, vorticity and irrotational flows. Velocity potential and streamfunction. Bernoulli's equation for unsteady flow. Circulation: Kelvin's Theorem, Helmholtz's theorems. Basic water waves.
DISSERTATION	ENV-MB4X	60
The dissertation is an individual research project under the guidance of an academic supervisor either within one of the research groups in the School or, as some project placement opportunities with outside organisations are facilitated, with an outside collaborator. Research undertaken normally involves the analysis and interpretation of data collected in the field, from measurements of a sample in the laboratory or from data gathered from other sources including the media, questionnaire surveys, interviews, etc. This module is reserved for MSc students and all students must have taken ENV-MB3Y.
DISSERTATION	MTH-MA0X	80
The dissertation is a substantial piece of individual work, done under the supervision of a member of faculty in MTH, in an area of mathematics negotiated between student and supervisor. The dissertation includes a review of others' published work and this module is compulsory MSc students.
DISSERTATION	MTH-MA1X	40
The dissertation is a substantial piece of individual work, done under the supervision of a member of faculty in MTH, in an area of mathematics negotiated between student and supervisor. The dissertation includes a review of others' published work and this module is compulsory MSc students. This dissertation is expected to be between 25 and 40 pages long.
DISSERTATION (MSc)	ENV-MB6X	70
The dissertation is an individual research project under the guidance of an academic supervisor either within one of the research groups in the School or, as some project placement opportunities with outside organisations are facilitated, with an outside collaborator. Research undertaken normally involves the analysis and interpretation of data collected in the field, from measurements of a sample in the laboratory or from data gathered from other sources including the media, questionnaire surveys, interviews, etc. This module is reserved for MSc students and all students must have taken ENV-MB2Y.
DYNAMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY WITH ADVANCED TOPICS	MTH-ME48	20
This course applies fluid dynamics to the study of the circulation of the oceans. Topics studied include: geostrophic flow, Ekman layers, wind driven circulation, western boundary currents (e.g. the Gulf Steam), abyssal circulation, Rossby waves, Kelvin waves, Equatorial dynamics, Southern Ocean dynamics. Advanced topic: Baroclinic instability.
EARTH AND LIFE	ENV-MA38	20
This module introduces Earth system science, taking a top-down approach to the Earth as a whole system, and tracing its development since its formation 4.5 billion years ago. The main focus is on the coupled evolution of life and its environment through a series of revolutions. Theoretical approaches are introduced, including Gaia, feedback mechanisms and systems theory, and practical sessions use models to build up conceptual understanding. The subject is inherently inter-disciplinary, including aspects of biology, chemistry and physics, and unifying the study of climate and global biogeochemical cycles. Co-taught with ENV-3A38. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A38 OR EQUIVALENT
EARTHQUAKE AND VOLCANIC HAZARDS	ENV-MA04	20
Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions have significant environmental and societal impacts. This module focuses on the physical basis and analysis of each hazard, their global range of occurrence and their global impact. The module also addresses approaches towards hazard mitigation and minimising vulnerability, with an emphasis on their practical implication. Scenarios and probabilities of mega-disasters are also investigated. This module is co-taught with ENV-3A04. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A04 OR EQUIVALENT
EARTHQUAKE AND VOLCANIC HAZARDS WITH FIELDCOURSE	ENV-MA04K	20
Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions have significant environmental and societal impacts. This module focuses on the physical basis and analysis of each hazard, their global range of occurrence and their global impact. The module also addresses approaches towards hazard mitigation and minimising vulnerability, with an emphasis on their practical implication. Scenarios and probabilities of occurrence of mega-disasters are also investigated. A one week field trip in Scotland takes place to introduce you to various aspects of natural hazards and in particular to faulting and earthquake hazards. This module is co-taught with ENV-3A04K. The total Field Course module's cap of 25 is inclusive of ENV-3A04K. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A04K OR EQUIVALENT
ECOLOGICAL MODELLING	ENV-MA72	10
Modelling is a crucial methodology for answering many kinds of ecological questions and complement experimentation and field observations. The aim of this module is to introduce the use of modelling techniques to answer ecological questions. This module will provide an introduction to building ecological models using a combination of taught classes and project work. After completion of this module students will: understand the basic principles and approaches to ecological modelling and its potential applications; acquire the numerical skills required to develop quantitative ecological models; be able to develop basic quantitative models to answer ecological questions; learn to formulate hypotheses, write a project proposal and develop verbal and written communication and team working skills. This module is primarily reserved for those students studying on the European MSc in Applied Ecology but can also accommodate limited number of students from other programmes.
ECOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE	ENV-MA46	10
The aim of this module is to examine biological responses to climate change over a range of levels from species to ecosystems. In this module students will examine the most recent literature on the effects of global environmental change on biological systems and will become familiar with different approaches and methods used for modelling biological responses to climate change. Students are recommended to take ENV-MA49 and ENV-MA74.
ELECTRICAL ENERGY GENERATION, DISTRIBUTION AND STORAGE	ENG-MA02	20
Electrical energy is the output from the majority of renewable energy sources (wind, wave, tidal, hydro). This module begins by introducing AC and DC electricity theory and electromagnetism. This theory is applied to the practical design and use of electrical generators. Transformer design for changing voltage levels is discussed and also its application to distribution of electrical energy through overhead lines to form the national grid. Issues relating to energy supply and demand and in particular the UK energy system are also explored.
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM WITH ADVANCED TOPICS	MTH-ME74	20
BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE MTH-2C4Y OR TAKE ENV-2A22 OR EQUIVALENT The behaviour of electric and magnetic fields is fundamental to many features of life we take for granted yet the underlying equations are surprisingly compact and elegant. We will begin with an historical overview of electrodynamics to see where the governing equations (Maxwell's) come from. We will then use these equations as axioms and apply them to a variety of situations including electro- and magneto-statics problems and then time-dependent problems (eg electromagnetic waves). We shall also consider how the equations change in an electromagnetic media and look at some simple examples. Further advanced topics will come from examining the equations in dielectrics and magnetic materials. Advanced topic will be an introduction to Magneto-Hydro Dynamics (MHD).
ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE	ENV-MA66	10
The module will critically assess the assumptions and projections of social and technological change represented in climate change mitigation scenarios, with an emphasis on energy systems. This will include a review of the drivers and dynamics of historical energy transitions.
ENERGY ENGINEERING DISSERTATION	ENG-MP1X	60
In this module the student undertakes a substantial piece of individual work in energy engineering. The scope is broad but the dissertation will comprise research, design, implementation and practical elements. The subject of the dissertation is determined by agreement between the student and supervisor. The work may be undertaken as part of a large collaborative or group project. Aspects of project management will be taught during the module (primarily at the start) and will be integrated into the project process.
ENERGY ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS	ENG-MA01	20
This module begins by giving an overview of renewable energy sources (wind, wave, tidal, solar) and non-renewable energy sources (oil, gas, coal, nuclear). This includes an introduction to relevant technologies, potential power outputs of the different sources and discussion on their variability which leads to the need for energy storage. The second part of the module concentrates on engineering mathematics related to energy engineering and includes fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, mechanics and photovoltaics.
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT EFFECTIVENESS	ENV-MA64K	20
Environmental Assessment is considered to be more effective when conducted at strategic levels of decision making, and is usually perceived to have a goal of achieving sustainable development. This module provides experience of conducting a particular form of strategic assessment, Sustainability Appraisal (SA), which incorporates environmental, social and economic considerations into plan making. Through practice of SA, a field course involving hands-on application of environmental assessment techniques, and consideration of effectiveness theory, this module will examine what makes assessment effective.
FOSSIL FUELS	ENV-MA33	20
Geological, economic and political aspects of fossil fuels (oil, natural gas and coal) are introduced and integrated. These are used to discuss environmental concerns (particularly climate change) arising from the use of fossil fuels, and the potentially profound implications of future fuel scarcity.
FREE SURFACE FLOWS WITH ADVANCED TOPICS	MTH-MD77	20
Inviscid jets; stability analysis; infinite jet; semi-infinite jet; one-dimensional approximations; viscous jets; similarity solutions and breakup. Drops; satellite droplets. Uniform and nonuniform inviscid liquid sheets; temporal instability, convective/absolute instability. Viscous liquid sheets, waves on liquid sheets. Numerical simulations. Advanced Topic: Computational methods for free surface flows (Level set method, VOF).
FUNDAMENTALS OF METEOROLOGY	ENV-MA23	20
This module is designed to give a general introduction to meteorology and its relation to climate and climate change, concentrating on the physical processes in the atmosphere and how these influence our weather. The course contains both descriptions and mathematical treatments of meteorological topics and the assessment is designed to allow those with either mathematical or descriptive abilities to do well; however, a reasonable mathematical competence is essential, especially in rearranging equations, and a familiarity with basic calculus is helpful. Co-taught with ENV-2A23. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-2A23 OR EQUIVALENT
GALOIS THEORY WITH ADVANCED TOPICS	MTH-ME21	20
Polynomials and irreducibility: field extensions: algebraic, transcendental, normal, separable, splitting fields: field automorphisms, Galois group, Fundamental Theorem of Galois Theory: applications to constructability and roots of polynomial equations. Advanced topic: the inverse Galois problem
GEOSCIENCES FIELDCOURSE	ENV-MA57K	20
This module is designed to promote a deeper understanding and integration of geoscience subjects: the fieldwork will usually concentrate on aspects of structural geology, regional tectonics, hydrogeology, sedimentology, palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironments, metamorphic geology and volcanology. A key feature of the course is that the location is chosen where there are excellent and substantial exposures of rock formation showing evidence of processes. The field base alternates between the Aegean (Greece) and Western Ireland, and the detailed content will reflect the field sites. In addition to being able to demonstrate field observation and data recording skills, M-level students will collect samples and generate new data as part of a small-scale scientific investigation that will be written-up as a report. Co-taught with ENV-3A57K. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A57K OR EQUIVALENT
GEOSCIENCES FIELDCOURSE: GREECE	ENV-MA77K	20
This module is designed to promote a deeper understanding and integration of geoscience subjects: the fieldwork will usually concentrate on aspects of structural geology, regional tectonics, hydrogeology, sedimentology, palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironments, metamorphic geology and volcanology. A key feature of the course is that the location is chosen where there are excellent and substantial exposures of rock formation showing evidence of processes. This module runs alternate years with ENV-MA57K (Geosciences Fieldcourse: Ireland). This is to enable field base alternates between the Aegean (Greece) and Western Ireland, and the detailed content will reflect the field sites. In addition to being able to demonstrate field observation and data recording skills, M-level students will collect samples and generate new data as part of a small-scale scientific investigation that will be written-up as a report. Co-taught with ENV-3A77K. This module is only available to UG students on the MSci programme as the field course takes place in September.
GIS FOR ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT	ENV-MA94	10
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are computer programs for the capture, management, analysis and display of spatially referenced data. They are now increasingly widely used in ecology and environmental management, both in the organisation and analysis of pre-existing data sets and for analysis of data collected during fieldwork. This module aims to introduce their basic principles, capabilities, applications and limitations. Only basic familiarity with a PC is required and there will be weekly practical classes using the ArcGIS software. The main emphasis will be on imparting an understanding of what a GIS is, the strengths and weaknesses of such systems, and their practical use in research contexts (including MSc dissertations).
GRAPH THEORY WITH ADVANCED TOPICS	MTH-ME23	20
Graphs are among the simplest mathematical structures: sets of points which may or may not be linked by edges. Not surprisingly such structures are fundamental in many parts of science. We give a thorough introduction to the topological, combinatorial and algebraic properties of graphs. Advanced topic: strongly regular graphs.
HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS	MTH-MD71	20
An advanced unit for MSc and Postgraduate students. The course covers material from MTH-3D72 and further advanced topics. For more details see the MTH-3D72/MD72 syllabus on the web page http://www.mth.uea.ac.uk/maths/syllabuses.
MARINE ECOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY	ENV-MA15	20
This module examines the ecological processes that underpin our dependence on and use of the marine environment for 'goods and services'. Students will study the ecology of marine organisms (from bacteria to fish), which provide the 'services' of climate modulation, nutrient regeneration and food production, threats to the sustainability of these services and the management challenges that result. The module will cover the evolution, biodiversity and molecular ecology of bacteria, diatoms, coccolithophores and nitrogen fixers, the physiology and distribution of zooplankton, the ecology of exploited populations and management of the marine environment including fisheries. Example ecosystems such as the Antarctic, mid ocean gyres and Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems will be studied in detail and predictions of the impact of environmental change (increasing temperature, decreasing pH, decreasing oxygen, changes in nutrient supply and human exploitation) on marine ecosystems dynamics will be examined. Biological oceanographic methods will be critically evaluated. The module also includes lectures by biological oceanographers from the Centre for the Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS).
MARINE ECOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY	ENV-MA15C	20
This module examines the ecological processes that underpin our dependence on and use of the marine environment for 'goods and services'. Students will study the ecology of marine organisms (from bacteria to fish), which provide the 'services' of climate modulation, nutrient regeneration and food production, threats to the sustainability of these services and the management challenges that result. The module will cover the evolution, biodiversity and molecular ecology of bacteria, diatoms, coccolithophores and nitrogen fixers, the physiology and distribution of zooplankton, the ecology of exploited populations and management of the marine environment including fisheries. Example ecosystems such as the Antarctic, mid ocean gyres and Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems will be studied in detail and predictions of the impact of environmental change (increasing temperature, decreasing pH, decreasing oxygen, changes in nutrient supply and human exploitation) on marine ecosystems dynamics will be examined. Biological oceanographic methods will be critically evaluated. The module also includes lectures by biological oceanographers from the Centre for the Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS). THIS MODULE IS ONLY AVAILABLE TO STUDENTS ENROLLED ON THE APPLIED ECOLOGY - EUROPEAN PROGRAMME.
MATHEMATICS PROJECT	MTH-MA9Y	40
Reserved for courses G102, G103 and G106. A fourth year project on a mathematical topic that is a compulsory part of some Master of Mathematics degrees.
MODELLING ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES	ENV-MA11	20
The aim of this course is to show how physical environmental problems may be solved from the initial problem, to mathematical formulation and numerical solution. There is a focus on examples within meteorology, oceanography and the solid earth. The course consists of lectures on numerical methods and computing practicals. These concentrate on the solution of ordinary and partial differential equations. The computing practicals will be run in Matlab. The module will guide students through the solution of a geophysical problem of their own choosing. The problem will be discussed & placed into context through an essay, and then solved & written up in a project report. Co-taught with ENV-3A11. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A11 OR EQUIVALENT
NARRATIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE	ENV-MA75	20
The aim of this Module is to introduce students to a range of different narratives of environmental change which have been influential in Western thought and action over the last 200 years and especially the last 50 years. It also aims to show how different narratives of past changes can be used to shape different environmental policy futures. The Module draws upon the sub-disciplines of environmental history, cultural geography, futures studies and systems theory and is taught by three experts in these fields. The Module is divided into three parts. In Part 1, through lectures and seminars we introduce students to seven different narratives of environmental change: for example, limits to growth, planetary boundaries, social-ecological resilience. In Part 2, through lectures we introduce four different arenas where environmental policy-making is currently active and show how different narratives of environmental change shape, constrain or inflect the development of environmental policy and the engagement of citizens. In Part 3, the students working in pairs lead a series of assessed seminars on allocated topics which bring together the historical narratives with areas of live policy debate.
NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS	ENV-MA44	20
Have you ever wondered why human economic activity seems to be so bad for the environment? Does it have to be like that? Is it possible for human beings to enjoy high standards of living and a high quality environment? Through the study of the principles of Environmental Economics this course sets out to answer those questions. Addressing a wide-range of economy-environment problems including car pollution, over-fishing, climate change and declining oil stocks, the course shows that most environmental problems can be solved through the adoption of policies crafted with the careful application of economic reasoning. Co-taught with ENV-3A44. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A44 OR EQUIVALENT
NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS	ENV-MA44C	20
Have you ever wondered why human economic activity seems to be so bad for the environment? Does it have to be like that? Is it possible for human beings to enjoy high standards of living and a high quality environment? Through the study of the principles of Environmental Economics this course sets out to answer those questions. Addressing a wide-range of economy-environment problems including car pollution, over-fishing, climate change and declining oil stocks, the course shows that most environmental problems can be solved through the adoption of policies crafted with the careful application of economic reasoning. Co-taught with ENV-3A44 and ENV-MA44. THIS MODULE IS ONLY AVAILABLE STUDENTS ENROLLED ONTO THE VISITING STUDIES ENVIROMENTAL SCIENCES (EMAE).
NUMBER THEORY WITH ADVANCED TOPICS	MTH-ME56	20
BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE MTH-2C1Y AND MTH-2C3Y OR EQUIVALENT. This module will be assessed by 100% examination, but you may also be informally assessed by coursework and/or project. The module will begin with a topic that occupied the ancient Greeks and continues to occupy us today, namely the study of Diophantine equations. After discovering some algebraic techniques to solve these equations, we will proceed to the study of elliptic curves. The viewpoint here is one of combining geometry and algebra to study equations. The course will end with an introduction to the Riemann zeta function and the Riemann hypothesis. The latter is one of the oldest unsolved problems in mathematics, and is worth a million dollars! The advanced topic will explore the density measure of rational points on elliptic curves. In other words, can we say something about the complexity of rational points on such curves?
OCEAN CIRCULATION	ENV-MA39	20
This module gives you an understanding of the physical processes occurring in the basin-scale ocean environment. We will introduce and discuss large scale global ocean circulation, including gyres, boundary currents and the overturning circulation. Major themes include the interaction between ocean and atmosphere, and the forces which drive ocean circulation. Co-taught with ENV-2A39. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-2A39 OR EQUIVALENT
PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY	ENV-MA58	20
This module investigates the geological evidence for major environmental changes through Earth history. It will explore selected topics that relate to the extent, timing and causes of past variations of climate as expressed through changes in the fossil and geological record. Lectures will draw on information from marine, ice core, terrestrial and lacustrine climate archives. Radiometric dating techniques and geochemical/quantitative methods of palaeoenvironmental reconstruction will be examined in practical classes. The module includes half-day excursions to examine key geological field sites in East Anglia. Co-taught with ENV-3A58. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A58 OR EQUIVALENT
PARTICIPATORY ENVIRONMENTAL DECISION-MAKING	ENV-MA54	20
This module explores the rise of deliberative and participatory approaches to science and decision-making as one of the most significant recent developments in the environmental field. It examines: the theories, rationales and methods of participatory environmental decision-making (PEDM); their application in different institutional, social and geographical contexts; evaluation of participatory process effectiveness; and emerging critiques of participation. There is an emphasis on case studies to address these themes, developing practical as well as theoretical understandings of participatory approaches, and associated skills in facilitating environmental deliberation. Co-taught with ENV-3A54. MSci STUDENTS NOTE, TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A54 OR EQUIVALENT
RESEARCH METHODS IN MATHEMATICS	MTH-MA2Y	20
This module includes some directed reading on a topic to be agreed with a supervisor, as well as study skills relating to writing mathematics. It is compulsory for MSc students.
RESEARCH SKILLS	ENV-MB3Y	20
Semester 1 teaching is compulsory for all MSc students, while semester 2 is for students to attend the classes they need. The primary purpose of this module is to provide support and training for the dissertation to ensure that the necessary research is well planned in advance. To get the best possible start for the dissertation, advice is given on how to make the best use of UEA library resources, and how to undertake a literature review and the ethics procedures. There is also a discussion about the assessment for this module, which is the dissertation proposal. A substantial part of semester 1 is devoted to how to use statistics for the analysis of different types of projects. For students who are undertaking social science dissertations, supporting lctures and practicals are provided in semester 2. These include: social science research design to ensure there is a sound understanding of the fundamental concept and requirements of good research; questionnaire survey design; interviewing techniques; focus groups methods; and techniqies analysing qualitative data. This module must be taken before the ENV-MB4X Dissertation.
RESEARCH TOPICS IN EARTH SCIENCE	ENV-MA59	20
The module allows engagement in Earth science research topics at an advanced level and involves advanced study skills. The module will be strongly research lead and based around student-centred learning. The module will involve a) engagement with appropriate research seminars in the School of Environmental Sciences and b) directed research based around key topics with discussions and student seminars. The topics included will vary from year to year, depending on current research programmes, but they are likely to include topics in sedimentary geology, sedimentology, palaeoclimate, geological resources, Earth history, the Earth system, nuclear waste repository sites, carbon dioxide sequestration.
RESEARCH TRAINING PROJECT	ENV-MA9Y	60
This year long module involves individual research in the environmental sciences with the topic suggested by and closely directed by a supervisor. The work will develop research skills through learning by doing and will be presented as a seminar and in the form of a research paper. The project differs from Year 3 project in requiring greater time and higher expected standards of research design and application of data.
SET THEORY WITH ADVANCED TOPICS	MTH-ME18	20
Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. The Axiom of Choice and equivalents. Cardinality, countability, and uncountability. Trees, Combinatorial set theory. Advanced topic: Infinite Ramsey theory.
SLOW VISCOUS FLOW	MTH-ME84	20
This module will be assessed by 100% examination, but you may also be informally assessed by coursework and/or project. Introduction to Stokes Flow, basic properties, and theorems. Solution via Papkovich-Neuber potentials. Integral representations. Slender-body theory. Lubrication theory and extensional flow equations. Pugs and Slugs in pipe flow.
STABLE ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY	ENV-MA81	20
From supernovae and the early condensation of the solar system, through the climate history of the planet and on to modern stratospheric chemistry, studies using stable isotopes have made a significant contribution to our understanding of the processes that shape the Earth. In this module we look at the theory and practice of isotope geochemistry, covering analytical methods and mass spectrometry, fractionation processes, and isotope behaviour in chemical cycles in the geosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere. The course consists of lectures, practicals, including hands-on experience in the stable isotope laboratory, and student led seminars.
STATISTICAL MECHANICS WITH ADVANCED TOPICS	MTH-ME64	20
In principle, the laws of classical and quantum mechanics provide a complete description to allow us to predict the microscopic state of a system. However, for a large class of systems consisting of many degrees of freedom (e.g. molecules in a gas), it is completely impractical nor even necessary to adopt such a detailed description. Rather, it is typically sufficient to seek a macroscopic formulation that is related to the microscopic properties of the problem. This is what we commonly do, for example, when modelling the dynamics of fluids as functions of the macroscopic variables such as pressure, temperature, and density. The course will begin by using very elementary concepts of probability theory to derive macroscopic thermodynamic properties such as temperature from the microscopic properties of individual atoms or molecules. At very low temperatures, quantum effects begin to play an important role. By extending our analysis to such systems, we are able to predict the existence of a new state of matter known as a Bose-Einstein condensate which was first produced in the Laboratory as recently as 1995. The tools of statistical mechanics are useful in many branches of applied mathematics.��While the module is self-contained, it is strongly recommended that students also take MTH-2G50 which will reinforce a number of the concepts used here.
SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION	ENV-MA83	20
This module investigates the impacts of consumption on social and environmental systems, and how these might be reduced. It presents the key theories and debates around sustainable consumption, and critically examines a range of strategies for achieving it, covering governmental, business, community and individual actors. A mainstream policy approach to sustainable consumption is contrasted with an alternative ��new economics�� model, and we examine a range of perspectives on what drives consumption patterns. Workshop exercises to apply these theories to ��real world�� examples will provide experiential learning opportunities. We then critically assess a selection of sustainable consumption initiatives in detail, for example local organic food, eco-housing, Transition Towns, local currencies and community-based behaviour-change campaigns. Co-taught with ENV-MA85, which is restricted to Norwich Business School students taking the MBA course.
THE CARBON CYCLE AND CLIMATE CHANGE	ENV-MA31	20
Carbon dioxide is the greenhouse gas which has, by far, the greatest impact on climate change. Carbon dioxide is becoming even more important owing to continued fossil fuel emissions and its very long lifetime in the atmosphere. Predicting future climate or defining ‘dangerous’ climate change is challenging, in large part because the Earth’s carbon cycle is very complex and not fully understood. You will learn about the atmospheric, oceanic and terrestrial components of the carbon cycle, how they interact with each other, and how they interact with climate in so-called ‘feedbacks’. The understanding of the carbon cycle gained from this module is a vital foundation for all climate change research. Emphasis is given to the most recent, cutting-edge research in the field. Co-taught with ENV-3A31. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A31 OR EQUIVALENT
THEORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT	ENV-MA63	20
Environmental assessment is a term used to describe procedures for evaluating the potential environmental consequences of policies, programmes, plans and projects. It is a well established tool for environmental policy integration, being routinely employed in more than 100 nations and by many international aid and funding agencies. This multidisciplinary module focuses on the theory and methods of environmental assessment and the decision-making contexts in which they are employed. It explains the procedural stages of, and selected methodologies for, environmental assessment and provides practical experience in applying them. Co-taught with ENV-3A63. Students are recommended to take ENV-MA64K. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A63 OR EQUIVALENT
THEORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT	ENV-MA63C	20
Environmental assessment is a term used to describe procedures for evaluating the potential environmental consequences of policies, programmes, plans and projects. It is a well established tool for environmental policy integration, being routinely employed in more than 100 nations and by many international aid and funding agencies. This multidisciplinary module focuses on the theory and methods of environmental assessment and the decision-making contexts in which they are employed. It explains the procedural stages of, and selected methodologies for, environmental assessment and provides practical experience in applying them. Co-taught with ENV-3A63. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A63 OR EQUIVALENT THIS MODULE IS ONLY AVAILABLE TO STUDENTS ENROLLED ON THE MSc APPLIED ECOLOGY - EUROPEAN PROGRAMME.
TOPICS IN ENERGY ENGINEERING A	ENG-MB01	20
This module provides an opportunity to study an energy engineering-related topic that is not otherwise taught in the degree programme. It can also be used to study a topic that is taught elsewhere in the programme, but to much greater depth. Whatever form the study takes it is essential that a critical analysis of some element of the topic is included to qualify as a masters level module. It will not be enough to just gather information and regurgitate it; there must be some added value. Your supervisor will guide you in research methodology but is not expected to be an expert in the topic. Depending on the topic chosen students will be encouraged to add novel elements to the study. These could include for example interviewing local experts, or producing an industry guidance note or press release, or creating a supporting spreadsheet etc. The module is therefore by no means restricted to a literature review. A set of specific and indicative topic titles is proposed by supervisors before the start of the module. One of these should be chosen or used as the basis for a specific study. You should progressively collect your resources into a professional document folder which should be presented at the interim meeting for formative feedback. Guidance on how to do this will be provided.
TOPICS IN ENERGY ENGINEERING S	ENG-MB02	20
This module provides an opportunity to study an energy engineering-related topic that is not otherwise taught in the degree programme. It can also be used to study a topic that is taught elsewhere in the programme, but to much greater depth. Whatever form the study takes it is essential that a critical analysis of some element of the topic is included to qualify as a masters level module. It will not be enough to just gather information and regurgitate it; there must be some added value. Your supervisor will guide you in research methodology but is not expected to be an expert in the topic. Depending on the topic chosen students will be encouraged to add novel elements to the study. These could include for example interviewing local experts, or producing an industry guidance note or press release, or creating a supporting spreadsheet etc. The module is therefore by no means restricted to a literature review. A set of specific and indicative topic titles is proposed by supervisors before the start of the module. One of these should be chosen or used as the basis for a specific study. You should progressively collect your resources into a professional document folder which should be presented at the interim meeting for formative feedback. Guidance on how to do this will be provided.
TOPICS IN ENERGY ENGINEERING Y	ENG-MB1Y	20
This module provides an opportunity to study an energy engineering-related topic that is not otherwise taught in the degree programme. It can also be used to study a topic that is taught elsewhere in the programme, but to much greater depth. Whatever form the study takes it is essential that a critical analysis of some element of the topic is included to qualify as a masters level module. It will not be enough to just gather information and regurgitate it; there must be some added value. Your supervisor will guide you in research methodology but is not expected to be an expert in the topic. Depending on the topic chosen students will be encouraged to add novel elements to the study. These could include for example interviewing local experts, or producing an industry guidance note or press release, or creating a supporting spreadsheet etc. The module is therefore by no means restricted to a literature review. A set of specific and indicative topic titles is proposed by supervisors before the start of the module. One of these should be chosen or used as the basis for a specific study. You should progressively collect your resources into a professional document folder which should be presented at the interim meeting for formative feedback. Guidance on how to do this will be provided.
TOPOLOGY	MTH-ME88	20
RESERVED FOR STUDENTS REGISTERED IN THE SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS Topology is the mathematical study of properties which are preserved under continuous transformation. In the first section we generalise concepts from analysis (distance, open and closed sets, continuity) to give some precise mathematical sense to this. In the remaining sections we introduce methods which ��approximate�� the analytic situation (continuous maps between topological spaces) by an algebraic problem (homomorphisms between groups). The surprising outcome is that one obtains deep results in analysis which often admit no other style of proof. Two examples of results which we will come across are the Brouwer fixed point theorem (a continuous map from the unit disc to itself has a fixed point); and the Borsuk - Ulam theorem (paraphrased as saying that at any given time, there are two points on the Earth��s surface which have both the same temperature and the same pressure).
WAVE, TIDAL AND HYDRO ENERGY ENGINEERING	ENG-MA06	20
This module studies renewable energy sources that use the energy stored in water to produce electrical energy. An examination is made into the potential energy and kinetic energy stored in water, either implicitly through waves/tide or explicitly in hydro. Devices for energy extraction from waves are examined with the effect of wave height, period and speed considered. Tidal energy extraction devices are also studied with design decisions regarding the tide-pool considered. Finally the design and operation of hydroelectric turbines is studied. Practicalities are discussed such as the characteristics of regions that are suitable for each of the energy generation modes and how measurements can be made as to a site's likely energy output.
WAVES, TIDES AND SHALLOW WATER PROCESSES	ENV-MA40	20
This module will explore physical processes in the ocean, building on what you learnt in Ocean Circulation. There will be a focus on applications of ocean physics to shelf seas. Topics will include: Tide generation, forces, harmonic tidal analysis of time series, propagation in shallow seas; Surface and internal waves, their role in air-sea exchange and upper ocean mixing; Role of tides and internal waves in global ocean mixing; Impact of ocean physics on biogeochemical processes, including seasonal phytoplankton blooms and shelf sea fronts; Remote sensing of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll is shelf seas. Estuarine circulation and sediment transport; Applications of ocean physics to water quality and pollution monitoring; Role of ocean science in the marine energy industry. This module is designed to follow on from ENV-MA39, which is a pre-requisite.
WIND ENERGY ENGINEERING	ENG-MA04	20
Wind energy is the main provider of renewable energy and the source that is receiving the majority of investment in both the UK and overseas, making its study vital to energy engineering. This module begins by examining the kinetic energy of air and the design of wind turbines to extract this energy. Relationships between wind speed, blade area, turbine height and resulting output power are studied. Different turbine designs are examined and comparisons made of their effectiveness. Issues regarding placement of wind turbines are discussed as well as the choice of onshore or offshore locations. Practical considerations are discussed and include data collection of wind speeds for possible wind farm sites and implications of optimal spacing of turbines.

Disclaimer

Whilst the University will make every effort to offer the modules listed, changes may sometimes be made arising from the annual monitoring, review and update of modules and regular (five-yearly) review of course programmes. Where this activity leads to significant (but not minor) changes to programmes and their constituent modules, there will normally be prior consultation of students and others. It is also possible that the University may not be able to offer a module for reasons outside of its control, such as the illness of a member of staff or sabbatical leave. Where this is the case, the University will endeavour to inform students.

Entry Requirements

A Level:: AAA (including A level Mathematics)
International Baccalaureate:: 34 points (incl 3 HL subjects at Grade 6 to include HL Maths)
Scottish Highers:: AAAAA (including Maths)
Scottish Advanced Highers:: AAA (including Maths)
Irish Leaving Certificate:: AAAAAA (including Maths)
Access Course:: See below
European Baccalaureate:: 85% overall

Students for whom English is a Foreign language

We welcome applications from students from all academic backgrounds. We require evidence of proficiency in English (including writing, speaking, listening and reading). Recognised English Language qualifications include:

IELTS: 6. overall (minimum 5.5 in any component)
TOEFL: Internet-based score of 78 overall (minimum 20 in Speaking component, 17 in Writing and Listening components and 18 in Reading components.
PTE: 55 overall (minimum 51 in any component).

If you do not meet the University's entry requirements, our INTO Language Learning Centre offers a range of university preparation courses to help you develop the high level of academic and English skills necessary for successful undergraduate study.

Interviews

The majority of candidates will not be called for an interview. However, for some students an interview will be requested. These are normally quite informal and generally cover topics such as your current studies, reasons for choosing the course and your personal interests and extra-curricular activities.

Gap Year

We welcome applications from students who have already taken or intend to take a gap year, believing that a year between school and university can be of substantial benefit. You are advised to indicate your reason for wishing to defer entry and may wish to contact the appropriate Admissions Office directly to discuss this further.

Special Entry Requirements

A level Mathematics or equivalent.

General Studies and Critical Thinking not accepted.

Intakes

The School's annual intake is in September of each year.

Alternative Qualifications

We encourage you to apply if you have alternative qualifications equivalent to our stated entry requirement. Please contact us for further information.

Pass Access to HE Diploma with Distinction in 45 credits at Level 3, including 12 Level 3 Maths credits.

GCSE Offer

Students are required to have Mathematics and English at minimum of Grade C or above at GCSE Level.

Fees and Funding

Undergraduate University Fees

We are committed to ensuring that Tuition Fees do not act as a barrier to those aspiring to come to a world leading university and have developed a funding package to reward those with excellent qualifications and assist those from lower income backgrounds. Full time UK/EU students starting an undergraduate degree course in 2013 will be charged a tuition fee of £9,000. The level of fee may be subject to yearly increases. Full time International students starting an undergraduate degree course in 2013 will be charged a tuition fee of £14,400. The level of fee may be subject to yearly increases.

Scholarships and Bursaries

Home/EU - The University of East Anglia offers a range of Bursaries and Scholarships. To check if you are eligible please visit http://www.uea.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/finance/university-financial-support

International Students - The University offers around £1 million of Scholarships each year to support International students in their studies. Scholarships are normally awarded to students on the basis of academic merit and are usually for the duration of the period of study. Our University international pages gives you more details about preparation for studying with us, including Fees and Funding http://www.uea.ac.uk/international

Applications need to be made via the Universities Colleges and Admissions Services (UCAS), using the UCAS Apply option.

UCAS Apply is a secure online application system that allows you to apply for full-time Undergraduate courses at universities and colleges in the United Kingdom. It is made up of different sections that you need to complete. Your application does not have to be completed all at once. The system allows you to leave a section partially completed so you can return to it later and add to or edit any information you have entered. Once your application is complete, it must be sent to UCAS so that they can process it and send it to your chosen universities and colleges.

The UCAS code name and number for the University of East Anglia is EANGL E14.

Further Information

If you would like to discuss your individual circumstances with the Admissions Office prior to applying please do contact us:

Undergraduate Admissions Office (Environmental Sciences)
Tel: +44 (0)1603 591515
Email: admissions@uea.ac.uk

Please click here to register your details online via our Online Enquiry Form.

International candidates are also actively encouraged to access the University's International section of our website.