Undergraduate Degrees

MNatSci Natural Sciences ( CGF0 )

UCAS Course Code:: CGF0
Duration:: 4 years
Attendance:: Full Time
Award:: Degree of Master of Natural Sciences
School of Study:: Natural Sciences
Brochure:: Natural Sciences Undergraduate Brochure (PDF)
Typical A-Level Offer:: A*AA (including two Science subjects)

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The The MNatSci presents a uniquely flexible way of combining several science disciplines to give a broad-based science degree. You will study units from at least two disciplines throughout the duration of the programme, with at least one-third of your time devoted to each of your chosen "major disciplines".

With your remaining time you will have the opportunity to study a wide-range of different subjects, to graduate with a highly interdisciplinary degree, or to follow your own specialist path. The flexibility of the Natural Sciences course exploits the common structure of science teaching at UEA. You will be allocated an academic adviser who will be a member of Faculty that regularly teaches and researches in your chosen specialism, and he/she will assist you in developing a suitable course profile. Your adviser will ensure that you enrol on the required number of credits in your chosen "major" and that you meet any prerequisites for honours level units you may wish to take.

"I love how I've found out exactly what topics interest me. I like how I can choose exactly what units I want to do, no restrictions, except for the pre-requisites, so I can make my own degree."

Bryony Hull BSc Natural Sciences student.

Course Organiser:Dr. Martin Loftus

Natural Sciences at UEA is taught within the Faculty of Science, a strongly integrated and innovative science cluster comprising Schools of:

Biological Sciences
Chemistry
Computing Sciences
Environmental Sciences
Mathematics
Pharmacy

There are also strong links to the John Innes Centre, Sainsbury Laboratory and Institute of Food Research on the Norwich Research Park and the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital and School of Medicine.

The Faculty of Science is nationally and internationally renowned for its world-class research. In the most recent Research Assessment Exercise, all departments were rated as having world-leading research and over 93% of the research outputs were assessed as being of international quality. Our research success has secured our ranking as one of the top fifteen research intensive universities for science in the UK.

Our stimulating ‘research-led’ teaching programme ensures you will:

be taught at the cutting-edge of your subject.
have the opportunity to undertake some original interdisciplinary scientific research.
develop excellent practical skills through laboratory work, workshops and field courses.

The quality of teaching within all schools in the Faculty of Science was rated very highly in recent external assessment exercises. We also offer a high level of academic and pastoral care to our students. The demand for Natural Sciences degree programmes has increased significantly in recent years and as a result we now offer a much wider portfolio of degrees to our prospective students.

Students are required to select modules appropriate to the Natural Sciences programme which they have selected and their choice is subject to approval by their Adviser. Students are required to take at least 100 credits each from two of the following major subjects by the end of their final year: Biology, Chemistry, Computing, Environmental Sciences, Mathematics and Physics.

Compulsory Study (10 credits)

Students must study the following modules for 10 credits:

Name	Code	Credits
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND COMMUNICATION	SCI-1N0Y	10
This scientific research skills module is compulsory for all Natural Sciences students and is only available to Natural Sciences students. It comprises a substantial essay and a poster presentation. The essay is on a topic of the student's own choice within one or more sciences. It offers the opportunity to explore a topic of interest, while also learning valuable skills in scientific writing. It is marked by the student's adviser. The poster topic is also chosen by the student and will address any topic of interest from the first year modules taken by the student.

Option A Study (110 credits)

Students will select 110 credits from the following modules:

Name	Code	Credits
ASTROPHYSICS	SCI-1E01	10
This 10-credit module gives an overview of astrophysics through lectures and workshops. Assessment will involve some coursework and a coursetest. The module assumes previous study of either A level physics, CHE-1H63 Physical Principles, MTH-1C32 Mechanics and Modelling or an equivalent course. Topics covered will include some history of astrophysics, radiation, matter, gravitation, astrophysical measurements, spectroscopy, stars and some aspects of cosmology.
ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN	ENV-1A56	10
This module studies the physical processes occurring in the atmosphere and ocean, with emphasis on the links between the two. Radiation from the Sun and its effect on the Earth. Structure and circulation of the atmosphere. Ocean currents and the thermohaline circulation. Hydrostatic equation and pressure forces. Stability, air masses and fronts. Coriolis force and geostrophy. The effect of the wind on the ocean. Hydrological cycle. If you have not taken 1A25 Forces of Nature, a little background reading will help on concepts such as pressure, density, buoyancy and Coriolis force. Taught in the second half of semester.
BIODIVERSITY	BIO-1A03	20
An introduction to the evolution of the major groups of microorganisms, plants and animals. The module considers structural, physiological and life-cycle characteristics of these organisms. It charts the development of life on land and interprets evolutionary responses to changing environments.
BIODIVERSITY IN A CHANGING WORLD	ENV-1A26	10
Briefly introduces a wide range of major topics in conservation ecology, coupled with concepts relevant to the structure and functioning of the rapidly changing biosphere, from ecosystem, through community, population, behavioural, physiological to molecular ecology and conservation genetics. PREFERENCE WILL BE GIVEN TO STUDENTS REGISTERED IN THE SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, AND ECOLOGY STUDENTS. Taught in second half of semester.
BONDING, STRUCTURE & PERIODICITY	CHE-1C3Y	20
This module is in part integrated with CHE-1C1Y. The first half of the module brings together fundamental concepts associated with the bonding and structure of inorganic and organic materials, including atomic structure, electron configurations, ionic and covalent bonding, and intermolecular forces. The second half of the module builds on the bonding and structural ideas to explain the structure of the Periodic Table. Trends, comparisons and contrasts will be drawn between the elements of the s/p block metals, non-metals and the transition metals. Spectroscopic and other experimental techniques are employed.
CALCULUS	MTH-1B2Y	30
(a) Differentiation and integration. Taylor and MacLaurin series. Applications: curve sketching, areas, arc length. (b) First order, second order constant coefficient ordinary differential equations. Reductions of order. Numerical solutions using MAPLE. Partial derivatives, chain rule. (c) Vectors and complex numbers. Line integrals. Multiple integrals including change of co-ordinates by Jacobians. Green's theorem in the plane. MAPLE integrated throughout. Students must have A-level Mathematics Grade 'C' or above or equivalent.
CALCULUS AND MULTIVARIABLE CALCULUS	MTH-1A5Y	40
This module is incompatible with MTH-1B2Y, ENV-1A61 AND ENV-1A62 (a) Complex numbers. (b) Differentiation and integration. Taylor and MacLaurin series. Applications: curve sketching, areas, arc length. (c) First order, second order constant coefficient ordinary differential equations. Reduction of order. Numerical solutions using MAPLE. Partial derivatives, chain rule. (d) Vectors. (e) Line integrals. Multiple integrals, including change of co-ordinates by Jacobians. Green's theorem in the plane. (f) Euler type and general linear ODEs. Phase plane, direction fields, limit cycles, period doubling and chaos. (g) Divergence, gradient and curl of a vector field. Scalar potential and path independence of line integral. Divergence and Stokes' theorems. Students must have A-level Mathematics Grade ‘B’ or above or equivalent.
CHEMISTRY LABORATORY (A)	CHE-1C0Y	20
This 20 credit module comprises laboratory and related IT experiments/ modules relating to aspects of the core chemistry lecture modules.
CHEMISTRY LABORATORY (B)	CHE-1H0Y	10
This 10 credit module comprises laboratory and related IT experiments/ modules relating to aspects of the core chemistry lecture modules. Each student's choice of experiments will depend on the specific degree programme being followed.
CHEMISTRY LABORATORY (E)	CHE-1G0Y	10
This module comprises laboratory experiments and related IT exercises relating to aspects of some of the core chemistry modules. The material focuses on physical and analytical chemistry and does not contain any organic chemistry. This module is reserved for students on the Environmental Chemistry, Natural Sciences and Science (with a foundation year) programmes.
CHEMISTRY OF CARBON-BASED COMPOUNDS	CHE-1C1Y	20
Compatible with CHE 1C3Y, or a free-standing module with workload greater than average for 20 credits. The module introduces bonding and hybridisation, conjugation and aromaticity, mechanism and functional groups; principles which are elucidated in topics: electrophilic substitution and addition, organometallic nucleophiles, polar multiple bonds, enolate, Claisen, and Mannich reactions, the Strecker synthesis, stereochemistry (enantiomers and diastereoisomers), SN1/SN2 and E1/E2 reactions, and epoxidation / 1,2-addition to alkenes. Finally, synthesis (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, alkyl halides, ethers, amines, ketones, carboxylic acids) and bio-organic chemistry are introduced.
COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS 1	CMPC1F02	20
The module introduces key concepts in discrete mathematics, logic and statistical analysis essential for any degree in computing. More...
COMPUTING SYSTEMS 1	CMPC1M01	20
The module is designed to introduce students to some of the principal technologies of contemporary computing systems and to software development in a web context. More...
COMPUTING SYSTEMS 2	CMPC1M02	20
The module is designed to provide students with: an overview of the organisational, cultural and technical context of current software development, experience of developing software in a web context, and an introduction to the principal architectures of contemporary computing systems. More...
DYNAMIC EARTH	ENV-1A67	10
The structure and behaviour of our dynamic planet are investigated. The module is underpinned by the theory of Plate Tectonics as a means of explaining Earth’s remarkable physiographic features, such as mountain belts and volcanoes and it also considers how processes of erosion and deposition modify them. The Module will introduce geological time and the 4.6 billion year record of changing conditions. It will introduce geological materials, resources and hazards. No prior knowledge of geology is assumed.
EARTH'S CHEMICAL PROCESSES 1	ENV-1A32	10
This module provides an introduction to chemical processes in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, seawater, soils, sediments and rocks. Both the natural and anthropogenically perturbed system will be considered. This module assumes no previous chemical knowledge and will include a basic chemistry component. Students with previous experience of chemistry (A, AS level or equivalent) should take Environmental Chemistry 2.
EARTH'S CHEMICAL PROCESSES II	ENV-1A34	10
This module provides an introduction to chemical processes in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, seawater, soils, sediments and rocks. Both the natural and anthropogenically perturbed system will be considered. Students taking this module are expected to have previous experience of Chemistry at A, AS Levels or equivalent. Taught in the second half of semester.
ELEMENTS OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS	CHE-1H26	10
This course comprises a series of lectures on modern aspects of physics of particular interest in molecular scientists.
ENERGETICS AND SPECTROSCOPY	CHE-1C24	20
This module considers the way in which chemical systems, in the form of gases, liquids, solids and solutions, are described in terms of their energetics and dynamics. Topics include simple phase equilibria, the kinetic theory of gases, chemical kinetics and reaction mechanisms, thermodynamics in a chemical context, electrochemical cells, and acid base and redox equilibria. The module also includes a series of lectures on the principles of spectroscopy applied to chemical systems, i.e. how light interacts with matter. Content overlaps with PHAN1HE1.
EVOLUTION, BEHAVIOUR AND ECOLOGY	BIO-1A04	20
This module introduces the main ideas in behavioural ecology, evolutionary biology and ecology. It concentrates on outlining concepts as well as describing examples. Specific topics to be covered include the genetical basis of evolution by natural selection, systematics and phylogeny, the adaptive interpretation of animal sexual and social behaviour, ecological processes and population biology.
FORCES OF NATURE	ENV-1A25	10
The understanding of natural systems and environmental technologies is often underpinned by physical laws and processes. ‘Forces of nature’ explores the most important of these (energy, mechanics, physical properties of Earth materials) and their relevance to environmental science using examples from across the Earth’s differing systems. This module forms an important building block for many modules that follow it.
FORENSIC ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION	CHE-1H57	10
Students taking this module are required to have an A Level in Chemistry. Aim: introduction to forensic chemistry, sample and data gathering and interpretation. Objective: to familiarize students with critical thinking and evaluation of evidence. Content: history of forensic science, microscopy, glass refractive index, introduction to pattern recognition, forensic statistics and QA chain of custody issues. Teaching and learning methods: lectures, practicals and mentor groups (pbl). The students will be presented with a hypothetical criminal case on the UEA campus and during the duration of the module they will investigate simulated evidence material which addresses the taught basic science. To further the discussions in the mentor groups the students will have to research the literature and use the gathered information in the final report concerning the investigation of the supplied questioned material. The case report will have to be presented and defended in a mock court situation. Learning outcome: understanding of the basic requirements for forensic thinking, QA, pattern recognition, forensic statistics and microscopy. Preference will be given to FF41 (Forensic & Investigative Chemistry) and F1F4 students. Law Criminology students are invited to participate.
FOUNDATIONS FOR PHYSIOLOGY	BIO-1A58	10
THIS UNIT IS NOT NORMALLY AVAILABLE TO VISITING/EXCHANGE STUDENTS. Through a series of lectures, seminars and practicals, BIO-1A58 provides a broad knowledge of basic physio-chemical processes such as optics, fluid dynamics and membrane potentials that play critical roles in physiological systems. The processes of hearing, vision, respiration and temperature regulation are amongst several examples used throughout the unit to demonstrate these important relationships.
FUNDAMENTALS OF CELL BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY	BIO-1A14	20
The unit aims to provide an introduction to the basic aspects of biochemistry, cell biology. Basic biochemical processes will be explored, as well as catalysis and enzymology. There will be an introduction to the nature of the living cell, its membranes, and organelles, how cells communicate and also how they are visualised. This unit will also provide an introduction to developmental biology.
FUNDAMENTALS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS	BIO-1A13	20
The module aims to provide an introduction to the basic aspects of biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics. The module explores the fundamental properties of macromolecules, DNA structure, synthesis and replication, as well as the structure and function of proteins. The genetic code, genes and their expression will be covered as well as the rapidly expanding area of molecular biology. The module also covers chromosome structure, mechanisms of heredity, medical genetics and cytogenetics.
GENETICS FOR FORENSIC SCIENTISTS	CHE-1H56	10
This module introduces the student to the fundamentals of DNA and biotechnology essential for an understanding of forensics technologies. Topics covered include: nucleic acid/chromosome structure, replication, mutation and repair; concepts of genetic inheritance; DNA manipulation and visualisation; DNA sequencing; DNA fingerprinting.
Global Environmental Challenges: Lectures only	ENV-1A69	10
What are the most pressing environmental challenges facing the world today? How do we understand these problems through cutting-edge environmental science research? What are the possibilities for building sustainable solutions to address these problems in policy and society? In this module you will tackle these questions by taking an interdisciplinary approach to consider major challenges relating to climate change, energy and water, natural hazards, and biodiversity and natural resources. In doing so you will gain an insight into environmental science research ‘in action’ and develop essential academic study skills needed to explore these issues.
INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL PHYSICS	SCI-1P11	10
This module gives an overview of the role physics plays in medicine, covering three of the core disciplines of medical physics: Diagnostic and therapeutic radiological physics and medical nuclear physics. As well as a series of lectures, a number of field trips to the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital enable students to gain an insight into routine work and clinical research undertaken by medical physicists.
INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY FOR LIFE SCIENCES	BIO-1A61	10
This module will give students of biology a basic knowledge of general chemistry, to include aspects of inorganic and organic chemistry that are most relevant to the life sciences.
LINEAR ALGEBRA	MTH-1A2Y	20
Linear equations and matrices (including geometric aspects); Determinants. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Diagonalization. Vector spaces and linear transformations. Real inner product spaces. Students must have A-level Mathematics Grade 'B' or above or equivalent.
MATHEMATICAL PRINCIPLES	CHE-1H61	10
The module provides students without A-level Mathematics with the basic skills necessary for the appreciation of the more mathematical and quantitative aspects of chemistry. It includes an introduction to differential and integral calculus. It is not available to students with A-level Mathematics.
MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM SOLVING, MECHANICS AND MODELLING	MTH-1A4Y	20
The first part of the module is about how to approach mathematical problems (both pure and applied) and write mathematics. It aims to promote accurate writing, reading and thinking about mathematics, and to improve students' confidence and abilities to tackle unfamiliar problems. The second part of the module is about Mechanics. It includes discussion of Newton's laws of motion, particle dynamics, orbits, and conservation laws. This module is reserved for students registered in the School of Mathematics or registered on the Natural Sciences programme. Students must have A-level Mathematics Grade ‘B’ or above or equivalent.
MATHEMATICS FOR COMPUTING A	CMPC1F1Y	20
The module is designed to provide students who have not studied A level Mathematics with sufficient understanding of basic algebra to give them confidence to embark on the study of computing fundamentals. Various topics in discrete and continuous mathematics which are fundamental to Computer Science will be introduced. More...
MATHEMATICS FOR COMPUTING B	CMPC1F3Y	20
This module is designed for students with an A level (or equivalent) in Mathematics. For these students it provides an introduction to the mathematics of counting and arrangements, a further development of the theory and practice of calculus, an introduction to linear algebra and its computing applications and a further development of the principles and computing applications of probability theory. In addition 3D Vectors are introduced and complex numbers are studied. More...
MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENTISTS 1	ENV-1A61	10
This module is designed for those students with good maths and a Grade C or above in 'A' level Mathematics. Topics include differentiation and integration, Taylor and Maclaurin series, complex numbers, vector algebra, partial differentiations. Previous knowledge of calculus is assumed.
MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENTISTS II	ENV-1A62	10
This module is the second in a series of four mathematical modules for students across the Faculty of Science. It continues the basic calculus of ENV-1A61 into the study of ordinary differential equations that are used to mathematically model many different systems across the sciences, and the use of further integrals to calculate lengths of lines, surface areas, and volumes. Power series expansions are used to represent and simplify functions, and an introduction to complex numbers is given. There is a continuing emphasis on applied examples, and the use of numerical computing software (Matlab).
MATHS AND STATISTICS FOR BIOLOGISTS	BIO-1A6Y	10
THIS MODULE IS ONLY AVAILABLE TO STUDENTS IN THE SCHOOL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES. A combination of lectures and workshops will be used to introduce a range of topics in maths and statistics that are absolutely essential for a contemporary undergraduate studying the biological sciences.
MECHANICS AND MODELLING	MTH-1C32	10
Newton's laws of motion. Particle dynamics, orbits, conservation laws. Population dynamics.
MODELLING AND STATISTICS FOR BIOLOGISTS	BIO-1A7Y	10
THIS MODULE IS ONLY AVAILABLE TO STUDENTS IN THE SCHOOL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES. A more advanced module than BIO-1A6Y which caters for the needs of students with more experience of maths (e.g. to AS level). A combination of lectures and seminars will be used to teach the essentials of modelling and statistical analysis required by modern biologists.
NUMERICAL SKILLS FOR SCIENTISTS I	ENV-1A51	10
Designed for students who have not achieved Grade C or above in A level mathematics or equivalent, this module will introduce essential mathematics (reading graphs, logs, exponentials, concept of rate of change, manipulating formulae) and statistics (distributions, tests of differences and association). Statistical and numerical skills will also be embedded in other level 1 modules in Environmental Sciences via lecture material and practical classes.
NUMERICAL SKILLS FOR SCIENTISTS II	ENV-1A52	10
Designed to follow Numerical Skills for Scientists I, this module will reinforce and build on the mathematics and statistics taught in Semester 1, continuing numerical exposure through the year so that students are better prepared for level 2 modules in Environmental Sciences. Statistical and numerical skills will also be embedded in other level 1 modules in Environmental Sciences via lecture material and practical classes.
PHYSICAL BIOCHEMISTRY	BIO-1A15	10
THIS MODULE IS RUNNING IN 2012/3 ONLY. BIO-1A15 is open to students registered on Biochemistry, Biomedicine, Biological and Medicinal Chemistry, Science with a Foundation Year and Natural Science degree programmes. This module aims to provide students with an introduction to the physical principles that underpin understanding of biological systems, drugs and the interactions between them. Topics that are discussed include thermodynamics, kinetics, acid-base chemistry, electrochemistry and spectroscopy. Students must have A-Level chemistry or equivalent. THIS MODULE IS ONLY AVAILABLE TO YEAR 1 STUDENTS. THIS MODULE IS NOT AVAILABLE TO VISITING/EXCHANGE STUDENTS.
PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES	CHE-1H63	10
This module provides students without A-level Physics with an introduction to the basic physical principles necessary for a more complete understanding of chemistry and related subjects. It is not available to students with an A-level of grade C or above in Physics.
PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS	CHE-1H25	10
This module includes material aimed primarily at science students with 'A' level physics and mathematics who wish to study further physics. The material covered will expand on some of the topics from the 'A' level syllabus.
PHYSICS OF MUSIC	SCI-1P15	10
This module explores the physics behind the generation and reception of music. We begin by developing some of the essential physics of wave motion and defining sound measurement terms. This equips us to analyse the physics of stringed instruments (bowed, plucked and struck), woodwind instruments, brass instruments, percussion instruments and the acoustics of singing. We also look at tuning systems, human hearing, and the physics of sound in rooms. Lab-classes include an introduction to MATLAB to enable you to record and analyse the sound of your own instrument, which constitutes the coursework. A-level standard of mathematics is preferred, but anyone without this level who is prepared to work a little to enhance their understanding of mathematics in one or two areas will be able to take this module.
PROBABILITY	MTH-1C34	10
Probability as a measurement of uncertainty, statistical experiments and Bayes' theorem. Discrete and continuous distributions. Expectation. Applications of probability: Markov chains, reliability theory.
PROGRAMMING 1	CMPC1M0Y	20
The purpose of the module is to give the student a solid grounding in the essential features of object-oriented computer programming using the Java programming language. The module is designed to meet the needs of a student who has not previously studied programming, although it is recognised that many will in fact have done so in some measure. On completing this module the student should be capable of developing, testing and documenting simple but non-trivial object-oriented programs, and of using the appropriate technical terminology in discussing these programs. More...
PROGRAMMING FOR APPLICATIONS	CMPC1X04	20
This module gives an introduction to computer systems and to programming using Java. The module assumes no prior knowledge of programming and is aimed at the non-specialist. This module is an alternative pre-requisite for a number of second level CMP modules, including CMPC2M11 and CMPC2G04. More...
REAL ANALYSIS	MTH-1A3Y	20
Sequences and series, tests for convergence. Limits, continuity, differentiation, Riemann integration, Fundamental Theorem. Students must have A-level Mathematics Grade 'B' or above or equivalent.
SEMINARS IN BIOCHEMISTRY	BIO-1A3Y	10
This small-group seminar module is year-long, involving a minimum of 18 one-hour sessions. It addresses a number of biochemical problems related to material covered in BIO-1A13, BIO-1A14 and PHAN1HE1. For students lacking a background in Maths or Physics it will establish principles needed to understand physical chemistry in a biochemical context. You will be asked to use a range of literature- and web-based methods to prepare for the different sessions. The module will provide experience in both oral and written communication of science, and in problem solving. Assessment is by a mixture of essay and problem solving exercises and contribution to seminars.
SETS, NUMBERS AND PROBABILITY	MTH-1A1Y	20
Basic set-theoretic notation, functions. Proof by induction, arithmetic, rationals and irrationals, the Euclidean algorithm. Styles of proof. Elementary set theory. Modular arithmetic, equivalence relations. Countability. Probability as a measurement of uncertainty, statistical experiments and Bayes' theorem. Discrete and continuous distributions. Expectation. Applications of probability: Markov chains, reliability theory. Students must have A-level Mathematics Grade 'B' or above or equivalent.
SPECIAL TOPICS IN CHEMISTRY 1	CHE-1H93	10
This unit comprises a broadly-based series of lectures on science, coupled with written activities based upon them. The twin objectives are to provide a contextual backdrop to the more focussed studies in other concurrent and subsequent units, and to engage students as participants in researching and presenting related information.
SPECIAL TOPICS IN CHEMISTRY 2	CHE-1H94	10
A follow-on module from CHE-1H93. The topics covered in CHE-1H93 will be used as a basis for assignments and exercises which will help to develop students' team working and presentational skills.
SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIETY	ENV-1A28	10
Striking a balance between societal development, economic growth and environmental protection has proven difficult and controversial. The terms ‘sustainability’ and ‘sustainable development’ have been used in attempts to reconcile these three areas. Yet the ill-defined and contradictory nature of these concepts has also hampered their implementation. This module considers sustainability in theory and practice by examining the relationships between environment and society, through the contributions of a variety of social science disciplines. Taught in the first half of semester.
THE COMPUTING REVOLUTION	CMPC1F05	20
The module is designed to provide students with an overview of the history of computing, and an insight to likely developments. Report writing and team skills are developed. More...

Students should complete at least 100 credits in each of their two major subjects by the end of Year 4. At least 60 credits of the modules taken in Year 2 should be at level 2.

Option A Study (100 credits)

Students will select 100 credits from the following modules:

Name	Code	Credits
ALGEBRA	MTH-2C3Y	20
(a) Vector space, basis and dimension. Linear maps, rank-nullity. Matrices, change of basis, minimal and characteristic polynomial. Diagonalization. Inner product on Rn, Gram-Schmidt process, examples from algebra and analysis. (b) Revision of basic concepts. Cosets, Lagrange's theorem. Normal subgroups and factor groups. First isomorphism theorem. Rings, elementary properties and examples of commutative rings. Ideals, quotient rings. Polynomial rings and construction of finite fields. Unique Factorization in rings.
ANALYSIS	MTH-2C1Y	20
(a) Continuity, differentiation, uniform convergence, power series and how they represent functions for both real and complex variables. (b) Topology of the complex plane, holomorphic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations, complex integration, Cauchy and Laurent theorems, residue calculus.
APPLIED STATISTICS A	CMPC2S10	20
This is a module designed to give students the opportunity to apply statistical methods in realistic situations. While no advanced knowledge of probability and statistics is required, we expect students to have some background in probability and statistics before taking this module. The aim is to cover 4 topics from a list including: Estimating population abundance, Extremes and quartiles, Linear models, Bootstrap methods and their application, Sample surveys, Simulations, Subjective statistics, Forecasting and Clustering methods. The topics on offer may vary to cover the interests of those in the class. More...
AQUATIC ECOLOGY	ENV-2A01	20
An analysis of how biological, chemical and physical influences shape the biological communities of rivers, lakes and estuaries in temperate and tropical regions. There is an important practical component to this module and the first of the three pieces of written work involves statistical analysis of class data. The module fits well with other ecology modules and can also be taken alongside geochemical, sedimentological or hydrological modules. The module may also appeal to students with interests in international development. Pre-requisite requirements: A first-year ecology module in either ENV or in the School of Biological Sciences or an A-level in a biological subject or a biologically biased access course plus familiarity with basic statistics and data analysis.
ARCHITECTURES AND OPERATING SYSTEMS	CMPC2M09	20
This module studies the organization of both the system software and the underlying hardware architecture in modern computer systems. The role of concurrent operation of both hardware and software components is emphasized throughout, and the central concepts of the module are reinforced by practical work involving Lego robots and Java programming exercises. More...
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE	CMPC2A12	20
This module aims to introduce concepts of classical Artificial Intelligence. Topics include an introduction to a logic programming language, knowledge representation, expert systems, case base reasoning, problem solving paradigms and game playing. More...
ASTROPHYSICS	SCI-1E01	10
This 10-credit module gives an overview of astrophysics through lectures and workshops. Assessment will involve some coursework and a coursetest. The module assumes previous study of either A level physics, CHE-1H63 Physical Principles, MTH-1C32 Mechanics and Modelling or an equivalent course. Topics covered will include some history of astrophysics, radiation, matter, gravitation, astrophysical measurements, spectroscopy, stars and some aspects of cosmology.
ASTROPHYSICS WITH ADVANCED TOPICS	SCI-2E01	10
This 10 credit module gives an overview of astrophysics through lectures and workshops. Assessment will involve some coursework and a coursetest. The module assumes previous study of either A level physics, CHE-1H63 Physical Principles, MTH-1C32 Mechanics and Modelling or an equivalent course. Topics covered will include some history of astrophysics, radiation, matter, gravitation, astrophysical measurements, spectroscopy, stars and some aspects of cosmology. Some of these topics will be taken to a more advanced level. The more advanced topics will include workshop examples and coursetest questions at level 2 standard.
ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN	ENV-1A56	10
This module studies the physical processes occurring in the atmosphere and ocean, with emphasis on the links between the two. Radiation from the Sun and its effect on the Earth. Structure and circulation of the atmosphere. Ocean currents and the thermohaline circulation. Hydrostatic equation and pressure forces. Stability, air masses and fronts. Coriolis force and geostrophy. The effect of the wind on the ocean. Hydrological cycle. If you have not taken 1A25 Forces of Nature, a little background reading will help on concepts such as pressure, density, buoyancy and Coriolis force. Taught in the second half of semester.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND GLOBAL CHANGE	ENV-2A37	20
Atmospheric chemistry and global change are in the news: stratospheric ozone depletion, acid rain, climate change, photochemical smog, global-scale air pollution, etc. This module covers the fundamental chemical principles and processes involving gases and particles in Earth’s changing atmosphere. It comprises lectures, problem solving classes, practical and computing labs, as well as a field trip to UEA's own atmospheric observatory in Weybourne/North Norfolk.
BEHAVIOURAL ECOLOGY	BIO-2B18	20
In this unit, the interrelationships between animal behaviour, ecology and evolution will be explored. More specifically, students will examine how animals behave under particular ecological conditions and seek explanations for the evolution of specific behavioural patterns, using the concepts of Darwinian selection and adaptation as theoretical cornerstones. Students will become familiar with several modelling approaches to behaviour.
BIOCHEMISTRY	BIO-2B01	20
This module builds on the principles of biochemistry taught in BIO-1A14. Selected topics in intermediary metabolism are covered in greater depth and extended to include the specific roles of coenzymes in metabolic pathways. In turn this leads to a discussion of the roles of hormone-receptor interactions and signal transduction in metabolic regulation. The recent contributions of structural biology to cellular bioenergetics are acknowledged in both the lecture series and associated practical classes, whilst ATP utilization is illustrated by consideration of the active transport of molecules across membranes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
BIODIVERSITY	BIO-1A03	20
An introduction to the evolution of the major groups of microorganisms, plants and animals. The module considers structural, physiological and life-cycle characteristics of these organisms. It charts the development of life on land and interprets evolutionary responses to changing environments.
BIODIVERSITY IN A CHANGING WORLD	ENV-1A26	10
Briefly introduces a wide range of major topics in conservation ecology, coupled with concepts relevant to the structure and functioning of the rapidly changing biosphere, from ecosystem, through community, population, behavioural, physiological to molecular ecology and conservation genetics. PREFERENCE WILL BE GIVEN TO STUDENTS REGISTERED IN THE SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, AND ECOLOGY STUDENTS. Taught in second half of semester.
BIOLOGY IN SOCIETY	BIO-2B1Y	20
THIS MODULE IS ONLY AVAILABLE TO ANY STUDENT THAT SATISFIES THE PRE-REQUISITE REQUIREMENTS. Alternative pre-requisites are BIO-1A03 and BIO-1A04, or BIO-1A13 and BIO-1A14. This module will provide an opportunity to discuss various aspects of biology in society. Students will be able to critically analyse the way biological sciences issues are represented in popular literature and the media and an idea of the current ‘hot topics’ in biological ethics. Specific topics to be covered will involve aspects of contemporary biological science that have important ethical considerations for society, such as GM crops, DNA databases, designer babies, stem cell research etc. Being able to understand the difference between scientific fact and scientific fiction is not always straightforward. What was once viewed as science fiction has sometimes become a scientific fact or scientific reality as our scientific knowledge and technology has increased exponentially. Conversely, science fiction can sometimes be portrayed inaccurately as scientific fact. Students will research relevant scientific literature and discover the degree of scientific accuracy represented within the genre of science fiction.
BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY	CHE-2F7Y	20
The unit is an introduction to aspects of physical chemistry relevant to biology. Topics include: protein structure and stability,interatomic and intermolecular forces and their influence on biomoloecluar structure, X-ray crystallography, electronic, fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopies, hydrodynamic techniques, ligand binding to macromolecules, and enzyme kinetics. The coursework involves practical laboratory work and course tests. Students are required to have taken on of the laboratory units CHE-1C0Y, CHE-1E0Y or CHE-1H0Y in addition to the PP/PS units above, before taking this unit.
BONDING, STRUCTURE & PERIODICITY	CHE-1C3Y	20
This module is in part integrated with CHE-1C1Y. The first half of the module brings together fundamental concepts associated with the bonding and structure of inorganic and organic materials, including atomic structure, electron configurations, ionic and covalent bonding, and intermolecular forces. The second half of the module builds on the bonding and structural ideas to explain the structure of the Periodic Table. Trends, comparisons and contrasts will be drawn between the elements of the s/p block metals, non-metals and the transition metals. Spectroscopic and other experimental techniques are employed.
CALCULUS	MTH-1B2Y	30
(a) Differentiation and integration. Taylor and MacLaurin series. Applications: curve sketching, areas, arc length. (b) First order, second order constant coefficient ordinary differential equations. Reductions of order. Numerical solutions using MAPLE. Partial derivatives, chain rule. (c) Vectors and complex numbers. Line integrals. Multiple integrals including change of co-ordinates by Jacobians. Green's theorem in the plane. MAPLE integrated throughout. Students must have A-level Mathematics Grade 'C' or above or equivalent.
CALCULUS AND MULTIVARIABLE CALCULUS	MTH-1A5Y	40
This module is incompatible with MTH-1B2Y, ENV-1A61 AND ENV-1A62 (a) Complex numbers. (b) Differentiation and integration. Taylor and MacLaurin series. Applications: curve sketching, areas, arc length. (c) First order, second order constant coefficient ordinary differential equations. Reduction of order. Numerical solutions using MAPLE. Partial derivatives, chain rule. (d) Vectors. (e) Line integrals. Multiple integrals, including change of co-ordinates by Jacobians. Green's theorem in the plane. (f) Euler type and general linear ODEs. Phase plane, direction fields, limit cycles, period doubling and chaos. (g) Divergence, gradient and curl of a vector field. Scalar potential and path independence of line integral. Divergence and Stokes' theorems. Students must have A-level Mathematics Grade ‘B’ or above or equivalent.
CELL BIOLOGY	BIO-2B06	20
This module explores the molecular organisation of cells and the regulation of dynamic cellular changes, with some emphasis on medical cell biology. Dynamic properties of cell membranes, cell signalling, growth factor function and aspects of cancer biology and immunology. Regulation of the internal cell environment (nuclear organisation and information flow, cell growth, division and motility), the relationship of the cell to its extracellular matrix and the determination of cell phenotype. Aspects of cell death, the ageing process, developmental biology, mechanisms of tissue renewal and repair. It is strongly recommended that students taking this module should also take BIO-2B02 or BIO-2B17.
CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY	ENV-2A45	20
Covers the major processes that set the chemical composition of the oceans, the distribution of nutrient, and carbon, the distribution of life in the oceans and the interaction of the oceans and atmosphere. how this interacts with the atmosphere to maintain the global environment of the Earth. Elements of physical oceanography and ocean circulation, of geochemistry, marine biology and global change science are covered.
CHEMICAL PHYSICS LABORATORY	CHE-2H04	10
An experimentally-based module highlighting elements of physical chemistry/chemical physics, notably spectroscopy and quantum mechanics.
CHEMISTRY LABORATORY (A)	CHE-1C0Y	20
This 20 credit module comprises laboratory and related IT experiments/ modules relating to aspects of the core chemistry lecture modules.
CHEMISTRY LABORATORY (B)	CHE-1H0Y	10
This 10 credit module comprises laboratory and related IT experiments/ modules relating to aspects of the core chemistry lecture modules. Each student's choice of experiments will depend on the specific degree programme being followed.
CHEMISTRY LABORATORY (E)	CHE-1G0Y	10
This module comprises laboratory experiments and related IT exercises relating to aspects of some of the core chemistry modules. The material focuses on physical and analytical chemistry and does not contain any organic chemistry. This module is reserved for students on the Environmental Chemistry, Natural Sciences and Science (with a foundation year) programmes.
CHEMISTRY OF CARBON-BASED COMPOUNDS	CHE-1C1Y	20
Compatible with CHE 1C3Y, or a free-standing module with workload greater than average for 20 credits. The module introduces bonding and hybridisation, conjugation and aromaticity, mechanism and functional groups; principles which are elucidated in topics: electrophilic substitution and addition, organometallic nucleophiles, polar multiple bonds, enolate, Claisen, and Mannich reactions, the Strecker synthesis, stereochemistry (enantiomers and diastereoisomers), SN1/SN2 and E1/E2 reactions, and epoxidation / 1,2-addition to alkenes. Finally, synthesis (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, alkyl halides, ethers, amines, ketones, carboxylic acids) and bio-organic chemistry are introduced.
CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS	CMPE2D01	20
This module introduces students to techniques for analysis of analogue electronic circuits and systems. The module comprises lectures, workshops and laboratories. Workshops develop analytical and problem solving skills. Practical exercises and projects, undertaken in the Lewin Laboratory support the underpinning theory and enable students to build a range of simple electronic devices, e.g. AM comms system, video-scope, digital thermometer, etc. More...
CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENCE AND POLICY	ENV-2A09	20
Understanding modern and ancient depositional environments: their processes and products. Economic and environmental aspects of sediments.
COMBINATORICS	MTH-2G40	10
BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE MTH-1C17 OR EQUIVALENT 1. Colouring Things: Graphs, Colourings, chromatic numbers, and Ramsey Theory. 2. Counting Things: Binomial coefficients, Inclusion-Exclusion formula, Compositions and partitions.
COMMUNITY, ECOSYSTEM AND MACRO-ECOLOGY	BIO-2B26	20
The module will introduce the main concepts in community, ecosystem and macro-ecology – patterns and processes related to species richness, diversity; stability; succession; primary and secondary productivity and energy flows. We will then examine how these concepts aid our understanding of the functioning of terrestrial and marine ecosystems.
COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS 1	CMPC1F02	20
The module introduces key concepts in discrete mathematics, logic and statistical analysis essential for any degree in computing. More...
COMPUTING SYSTEMS 1	CMPC1M01	20
The module is designed to introduce students to some of the principal technologies of contemporary computing systems and to software development in a web context. More...
COMPUTING SYSTEMS 2	CMPC1M02	20
The module is designed to provide students with: an overview of the organisational, cultural and technical context of current software development, experience of developing software in a web context, and an introduction to the principal architectures of contemporary computing systems. More...
CRYPTOGRAPHY	MTH-2G27	10
Cryptography is the science of keeping secrets secret. Throughout history there are numerous examples of use of cryptography. For instance, Caesar himself used to send encrypted messages to his generals using the now-called Caesar cypher. Nowadays, with the development of internet, the need for efficient ways to communicate private data has never been greater._In this course, we will first give a brief account of cryptography through history, we will then introduce some results in number theory which are essential to cryptography and finally, we will study some of the most famous cryptosystems (such as RSA). MTH-1C36 is not a prerequisite or co-requisite but is recommended.
DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS	CMPC2M11	20
This is a compulsory module for all computing students and provides the necessary foundation in data and storage structures for all computing streams. In addition, the module emphasises systematic algorithm design and discusses algorithm analysis. At the same time, the module provides the student with the opportunity to reinforce and enhance the programming skills developed in the first year. More...
DATABASE SYSTEMS	CMPC2B08	20
This module covers most aspects of databases, database manipulation and database management systems. The module is mainly based on the relational model, although other models are also discussed. The students will explore the tools and methods for database design as well as the programming of database applications. Part of the practical experience gained will be acquired using a modern commercial relational database management system. Students will also gain programming experience using SQL, and using the Java JDBC interface. A high level language programming module is a pre-requisite. More...
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND ALGORITHMS	MTH-2C4Y	20
(a) Differential Equations: Fourier series. Partial differential equations (PDEs): diffusion equation, wave equation, Laplace's equation. Solution by separation of variables in Cartesian and polar coordinates. Ordinary differential equations (ODEs): solution by reduction of order and variation of parameters. Series solution and the method of Frobenius. Legendre's and Bessel's equations: Legendre polynomials, Bessel functions and their recurrence relations. (b) Algorithms: An introduction to a variety of numerical methods. Solution of linear algebraic equations. Solution of nonlinear equations. Numerical integration. Numerical Solution of ODEs.
DIGITAL SYSTEMS DESIGN	CMPE2D04	20
This module is concerned with the design and implementation of digital electronic systems that form basic components of modern computers. Topics include an introduction to switching algebra, synthesis of combinational and sequential circuits and techniques for circuit minimization. The module also provides a practical introduction to VHDL, an industry standard hardware description language. Students gain practical experience by undertaking a number of projects based on programmable logic devices. More...
DYNAMIC EARTH	ENV-1A67	10
The structure and behaviour of our dynamic planet are investigated. The module is underpinned by the theory of Plate Tectonics as a means of explaining Earth’s remarkable physiographic features, such as mountain belts and volcanoes and it also considers how processes of erosion and deposition modify them. The Module will introduce geological time and the 4.6 billion year record of changing conditions. It will introduce geological materials, resources and hazards. No prior knowledge of geology is assumed.
EARTH SCIENCE FIELD SKILLS	ENV-2A98K	10
In addition to the laboratory-based skills offered in ENV 2A96 (Earth Science Skills) this module concentrates on Earth Science field observation, description and interpretation. During a residential course you will develop a field skill-set, which is designed for students planning an independent project requiring Earth Science field skills. This module is strongly recommended for Environmental Earth Science students. The primary focus will be on geological mapping, structure and stratigraphy, but this module may include hydrogeological, geochemical and Quaternary techniques depending on field location and staff availability Assessment is course work only. Students should have completed at least 40 credits of Earth Science or Geophysics modules before taking this module.
EARTH SCIENCE SKILLS	ENV-2A96	10
Good observational and descriptive skills lie at the heart of many areas of Environmental Science. This module is designed to develop those and is particularly suitable for students with interests in Earth and Geophysical Sciences. It will cover generic Earth Science skills of use for projects in this area. The module will include: observing, describing and recording the characteristics of geological materials (hand specimen and under microscope); measuring and representing 3d data, and reading geological maps. It will be taught mostly in laboratory classes and by self-study exercises. Taught in the second half of the semester. Before taking this module you must take (or be taking) at least 40 credits of Earth Science or Geophysics Modules at honours level.
EARTH SYSTEM GEOCHEMISTRY	ENV-2A30	20
Examines how the earth system and its geochemical cycling operate on both global and micro scales. Emphasis is on natural cycles, starting with big themes such as crust-hydrosphere-biosphere interaction and its effects on the long term C cycle, including regulation of carbon dioxide. Elements, isotopes, organic molecules (and their isotopic compositions) are used as tracers of processes and events in earth history. Organic matter, its chemistry and its relationship to both the C and S cycles is explored. Dating of geological materials with radiometric methods is introduced. The course explores themes in both deep time (millions of years) and more recent glacial-interglacial cycles (thousands to hundreds of thousands of years).
EARTH'S CHEMICAL PROCESSES 1	ENV-1A32	10
This module provides an introduction to chemical processes in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, seawater, soils, sediments and rocks. Both the natural and anthropogenically perturbed system will be considered. This module assumes no previous chemical knowledge and will include a basic chemistry component. Students with previous experience of chemistry (A, AS level or equivalent) should take Environmental Chemistry 2.
EARTH'S CHEMICAL PROCESSES II	ENV-1A34	10
This module provides an introduction to chemical processes in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, seawater, soils, sediments and rocks. Both the natural and anthropogenically perturbed system will be considered. Students taking this module are expected to have previous experience of Chemistry at A, AS Levels or equivalent. Taught in the second half of semester.
ELEMENTS OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS	CHE-1H26	10
This course comprises a series of lectures on modern aspects of physics of particular interest in molecular scientists.
EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS	ENV-2B52	10
In this module you will acquire the generic work-ready skills relevant to graduate level employment in the Environmental business sector. The module objectives and content is shaped by consultation with managers of business in the Environmental Sciences sector including Local Government, Providers of Environmental Services and Utilities, Energy Exploration, Sustainable Energy Resources, Conservation and Not-for-profit organisations. These highly desirable work-ready skills that are currently lacking in the majority of graduate students will be taught through a theoretical understanding and supported by practice of skills through environmental case studies that include sessions led by guest speakers associated with a range of Environmental business.
ENERGETICS AND SPECTROSCOPY	CHE-1C24	20
This module considers the way in which chemical systems, in the form of gases, liquids, solids and solutions, are described in terms of their energetics and dynamics. Topics include simple phase equilibria, the kinetic theory of gases, chemical kinetics and reaction mechanisms, thermodynamics in a chemical context, electrochemical cells, and acid base and redox equilibria. The module also includes a series of lectures on the principles of spectroscopy applied to chemical systems, i.e. how light interacts with matter. Content overlaps with PHAN1HE1.
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY	ENV-2A92	10
This module is designed to teach skills necessary for the acquisition of good quality chemical data in environmental systems, and in the interpretation of this data. The module will focus on the collection of environmental samples for chemical analysis, methods of chemical analysis and the analytical and mathematical techniques used for data quality control. There will be a large component of practical work. This module will be particularly relevant for those wishing to do a chemistry-related project later in their degree. Taught in the first half of the semester.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS AND POLICY MAKING	ENV-2A06	20
Examines the theoretical and empirical development of environmental politics in modern society (mostly in the European Union) including: the sources of modern environmentalism and its many manifestations in modern policy making systems; the environmental policies of the UK and the European Union; different theories of political power and public policy making; the role of environmental pressure groups and business; global environmental politics and policy making. The module draws heavily on the theoretical interpretation of everyday examples of politics, which are explored in student seminar presentations and in an extended case study (i.e. essay). This module is co-convened by Professor Andrew Jordan and Dr Irene Lorenzoni.
EVOLUTION, BEHAVIOUR AND ECOLOGY	BIO-1A04	20
This module introduces the main ideas in behavioural ecology, evolutionary biology and ecology. It concentrates on outlining concepts as well as describing examples. Specific topics to be covered include the genetical basis of evolution by natural selection, systematics and phylogeny, the adaptive interpretation of animal sexual and social behaviour, ecological processes and population biology.
EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY	BIO-2B10	20
The aim of this module is to provide a background in the concepts and principles of evolutionary biology. It includes discussion of genetic variation, population genetics, natural selection, population structure, ecological adaptation, life history characteristics, speciation, interactions among species, biological diversity, phylogeny and molecular ecology and biogeography. Workshop discussions are held weekly.
FIELD ECOLOGY	BIO-2B21	20
Students explore the ecology of moorlands, bogs, sand dunes, rocky shores, estuaries and woodlands. Students should develop skills in identifying plants and animals using scientific keys, carrying out quantitative surveys and statistically analysing their data. Strong emphasis is placed on student-lead project work. The bulk of the teaching takes place on a two week field course in Western Ireland, that runs immediately before the start of the Autumn Semester.
FLUIDS AND SOLIDS	MTH-2C2Y	20
(a) Hydrostatics, compressibility. Kinematics: velocity, particle path, streamlines. Continuity, incompressibility, streamtubes. Dynamics: Material derivative, Euler's equations, vorticity and irrotational flows. Velocity potential and streamfunction. Bernoulli's equation for unsteady flow. Circulation: Kelvin's Theorem, Helmholtz's theorems. Basic water waves. (b) An introduction to continuum physics, linear elasticity as an example. The strain and stress tensors. Conservation of mass, linear momentum, angular momentum. Equilibrium equations, symmetry of stress tensor. Generalised Hooke's law. Bulk, shear and Young's moduli, Poisson's ratio. Strain energy. Boundary-value problems, Bending and torsion of a rod. Plane P and S waves.
FORCES OF NATURE	ENV-1A25	10
The understanding of natural systems and environmental technologies is often underpinned by physical laws and processes. ‘Forces of nature’ explores the most important of these (energy, mechanics, physical properties of Earth materials) and their relevance to environmental science using examples from across the Earth’s differing systems. This module forms an important building block for many modules that follow it.
FORENSIC ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION	CHE-1H57	10
Students taking this module are required to have an A Level in Chemistry. Aim: introduction to forensic chemistry, sample and data gathering and interpretation. Objective: to familiarize students with critical thinking and evaluation of evidence. Content: history of forensic science, microscopy, glass refractive index, introduction to pattern recognition, forensic statistics and QA chain of custody issues. Teaching and learning methods: lectures, practicals and mentor groups (pbl). The students will be presented with a hypothetical criminal case on the UEA campus and during the duration of the module they will investigate simulated evidence material which addresses the taught basic science. To further the discussions in the mentor groups the students will have to research the literature and use the gathered information in the final report concerning the investigation of the supplied questioned material. The case report will have to be presented and defended in a mock court situation. Learning outcome: understanding of the basic requirements for forensic thinking, QA, pattern recognition, forensic statistics and microscopy. Preference will be given to FF41 (Forensic & Investigative Chemistry) and F1F4 students. Law Criminology students are invited to participate.
FORENSIC ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION II	CHE-2H57	10
Aim: Deepening of understanding of forensic chemistry. Content: Basic crystallography and mineralogy, application of vibrational spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction to materials from fieldwork and other material of forensic interest (eg, fibres and paint). Deepening of knowledge in forensic statistics and interpretation. Teaching and Learning Methods: Lectures, practicals and mentor groups (PBL). To further the discussions in the mentor groups the students will have to research the literature and use the gathered information in the final report concerning the investigation of the supplied questioned material. Learning Outcome: Learn to apply acquired skills and produce a research report.
FOUNDATIONS FOR PHYSIOLOGY	BIO-1A58	10
THIS UNIT IS NOT NORMALLY AVAILABLE TO VISITING/EXCHANGE STUDENTS. Through a series of lectures, seminars and practicals, BIO-1A58 provides a broad knowledge of basic physio-chemical processes such as optics, fluid dynamics and membrane potentials that play critical roles in physiological systems. The processes of hearing, vision, respiration and temperature regulation are amongst several examples used throughout the unit to demonstrate these important relationships.
FUNDAMENTALS OF CELL BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY	BIO-1A14	20
The unit aims to provide an introduction to the basic aspects of biochemistry, cell biology. Basic biochemical processes will be explored, as well as catalysis and enzymology. There will be an introduction to the nature of the living cell, its membranes, and organelles, how cells communicate and also how they are visualised. This unit will also provide an introduction to developmental biology.
FUNDAMENTALS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS	BIO-1A13	20
The module aims to provide an introduction to the basic aspects of biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics. The module explores the fundamental properties of macromolecules, DNA structure, synthesis and replication, as well as the structure and function of proteins. The genetic code, genes and their expression will be covered as well as the rapidly expanding area of molecular biology. The module also covers chromosome structure, mechanisms of heredity, medical genetics and cytogenetics.
FURTHER COMPUTING SYSTEMS	CMPC2M22	20
Designed for students who have taken CMPC1M01, the module is designed to provide students with: an overview of the organisational, cultural and technical context of current software development, experience of developing software in a web context, and an introduction to the principal architectures of contemporary computing systems. More...
FURTHER MATHEMATICS	CMPC2F01	20
This module is for those students who have passed CMPC1F01 in their first year and would like to study further theory that is a pre-requisite for several other 2nd and 3rd level modules in CMP. For such students it provides an introduction to the mathematics of counting and arrangements, a further development of the theory and practice of calculus, an introduction to linear algebra and its computing applications and a further development of the principles and computing applications of probability theory. More...
GENETICS	BIO-2B17	20
This module will describe the basis of heredity, describing both the functions and the structures of genes and whole genomes. Examples will be taken from bacterial, animal and plant systems and will be considered from both functional and molecular points of view. The influence of the "new genetics" on medicine, agriculture and society will also be covered. Practical work will involve a molecular genetic analysis of a symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing bacterium and a molecular mapping exercise of traits that confer disease resistance in plants. It is strongly recommended that students taking this module should also take BIO-2B02 (Molecular Biology).
GENETICS FOR FORENSIC SCIENTISTS	CHE-1H56	10
This module introduces the student to the fundamentals of DNA and biotechnology essential for an understanding of forensics technologies. Topics covered include: nucleic acid/chromosome structure, replication, mutation and repair; concepts of genetic inheritance; DNA manipulation and visualisation; DNA sequencing; DNA fingerprinting.
GEODYNAMICS: EARTH'S ENGINE	ENV-2A43	20
Processes in the Earth’s interior have exerted a profound influence on all aspects of the Earth’s system through geological time. This module is designed to explore all aspects of those processes from the creation and destruction of tectonic plates to the structure of the Earth’s interior and the distribution and dissipation of energy within it. This will include: the theory and mechanisms of plate tectonics, the heat distribution of the Earth’s interior, the generation of magma and volcanism; the mechanisms behind earthquakes and distribution of seismic energy. The geological record of this activity, its evolution and impacts on the Earth will also be discussed.
GIS SKILLS FOR DISSERTATIONS	ENV-2A94	10
This module focuses on the practical use of GIS for dissertations. After an introductory ‘refresher’ of GIS basics it will review the different techniques that can be used to create and edit data in a GIS, as well as existing digital databases from which map data can be extracted and downloaded. Particular attention will be given to Ordnance Survey mapping for the UK, but other international resources will also be discussed. The module will emphasise issues of error and uncertainty as they apply to spatial data and introduce the use of the ArcGIS ModelBuilder as a way of documenting and efficiently repeating more complex analysis procedures. Assessment will be through a small group project involving the download, integration, analysis and display of spatial data. Taught in the second half of the semester.
GRAPHICS I	CMPC2G04	20
This module covers the basics of computer graphics for all computer scientists and concentrates on two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphics fundamentals. It puts an emphasis on 2D graphics, algorithms, interaction and OpenGL. Other topics covered include fonts, algorithms for line drawing, curves, clipping and colour. Ability to program is a pre-requisite. An introduction to C++ will be presented as part of the module. More...
Global Environmental Challenges: Lectures only	ENV-1A69	10
What are the most pressing environmental challenges facing the world today? How do we understand these problems through cutting-edge environmental science research? What are the possibilities for building sustainable solutions to address these problems in policy and society? In this module you will tackle these questions by taking an interdisciplinary approach to consider major challenges relating to climate change, energy and water, natural hazards, and biodiversity and natural resources. In doing so you will gain an insight into environmental science research ‘in action’ and develop essential academic study skills needed to explore these issues.
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY	BIO-2B05	20
The major emphasis of this unit is on the mechanisms that regulate human body organ systems and their interplay. Considerable attention is directed to cell physiology, which serves as the basis for body functions. In particular, the nervous, muscle, sense organ, renal, cardiac, respiratory, circulatory, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and reproductive systems are dealt with in detail. Practical work involves physiological experiments on these systems and histopathology of some tissues. (CHE-1C24 IS AN ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATIVE TO BIO-1A58 AS A PREREQUISITE).
HYDROLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY	ENV-2A65	20
An introduction to hydrology and hydrogeology: the basic equations describing fluid movement in groundwater systems will be derived and applied. The main techniques to investigate groundwater flow systems are highlighted. Water circulation within river catchments is discussed by means of the catchment water balance. The physical process represented by each component of the water balance will be covered as well as the current methods of quantifying these fluxes of water within the catchment . Principles of catchment modelling are outlined.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY	CHE-2C32	20
The central theme of the module is the chemistry of the p and d block elements: structure and bonding, coordination complexes and the organometallic chemistry of main group and transition metals. The module includes laboratory work. Students are required to have taken one of the laboratory module CHE-1C0Y, CHE-1E0Y or CHE-1H0Y as well as CHE-1C3Y before taking this module.
INSTRUMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY	CHE-2F52	20
The module covers the theory and practical application of instrumentation and techniques for chemical analysis. Atomic and molecular spectroscopy, electroanalytical chemistry and chromatography are the important instrumental techniques included. The module includes laboratory work. Students are required to have taken one of the laboratory modules CHE-1C0Y, CHE-1H0Y or CHE-1E0Y in addition to the PP/PS modules above, before taking this module.
INTERACTIONS AND POPULATIONS	ENV-2A35	20
Ecology can be defined as the scientific study of how organisms interact with each other and their physical environment. In this module we will look closely at how interactions between individuals determine the structure and functioning of populations. We will start by considering antagonistic interactions between members of different trophic levels, their evolution and the possible coevolution. The nature of these interactions will be analysed by examining the rules that determine how animals behave while foraging, including evolution of optimal foraging strategies in relation to both diet width and patchy environments. Consideration of competition will lead into the population consequences of both within trophic level and between trophic level interactions. We will examine basic concepts of population ecology- age structure, limits to growth, time delays and density dependence illustrated using simple models and case studies of plant and animal populations set within an evolutionary context. We will move on to consider the role of mutualistic interactions in dispersal processes and spatially explicit population processes including the effect of landscape structure on population dynamics, metapopulation dynamics, ecological mechanisms (dispersal, predation) and community structure. A-level Biology is an acceptable alternative pre-requisite for this module. Please note: you cannot take this module if you have already taken ENV-2A03, BIO-2B03 or ENV-2A28.
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY	CMPC2B06	20
Computational biology is one of the great growth areas of both computing sciences and biology due to the development of robotic systems that are able churn out vast amounts of biological data. The challenge computational biologists' face involves turning this data into understanding. This data is often in the form of DNA, RNA or protein sequence. Although an introduction to the basics of molecular biology will be given, the module will mainly focus on the computational methods used in computational biology and bioinformatics. Topics will include sequence analysis, structural genomics and protein modelling, phylogenetics and evolution, and biological networks. Lecturers will highlight the relevance of the material to cutting-edge research. More...
INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL PHYSICS	SCI-1P11	10
This module gives an overview of the role physics plays in medicine, covering three of the core disciplines of medical physics: Diagnostic and therapeutic radiological physics and medical nuclear physics. As well as a series of lectures, a number of field trips to the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital enable students to gain an insight into routine work and clinical research undertaken by medical physicists.
INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL PHYSICS	SCI-2P19	10
For students not studying this module in their first year. The module gives an overview of the role physics plays in medicine, covering three of the core disciplines of medical physics: Diagnostic and therapeutic radiological physics and medical nuclear physics. As well as a series of lectures, a number of field trips to the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital enables students to gain an insight into routine work and clinical research undertaken by medical physicists.
INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY FOR LIFE SCIENCES	BIO-1A61	10
This module will give students of biology a basic knowledge of general chemistry, to include aspects of inorganic and organic chemistry that are most relevant to the life sciences.
LINEAR ALGEBRA	MTH-1A2Y	20
Linear equations and matrices (including geometric aspects); Determinants. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Diagonalization. Vector spaces and linear transformations. Real inner product spaces. Students must have A-level Mathematics Grade 'B' or above or equivalent.
LOW CARBON ENERGY	ENV-2A82	20
This module will focus on the decarbonisation of energy supply and demand in a carbon constrained world. It will examine the role of energy efficiency and low carbon energy technologies, such as wind energy, solar energy, hydrogen and fuel cells, taking into consideration important current issues and sectors for application. This knowledge is used to support an analysis of future energy supply and demand that includes management, policy and technical aspects. This version of the module is assessed by coursework and an exam.
LOW CARBON ENERGY WITH FIELDCOURSE	ENV-2A82K	20
This module will focus on the decarbonisation of energy supply and demand in a carbon constrained world. It will examine the role of energy efficiency and low carbon energy technologies, such as wind energy, solar energy, hydrogen and fuel cells, taking into consideration important current issues and sectors for application. This knowledge is used to support an analysis of future energy supply and demand that includes management, policy and technical aspects. This version of the module, which includes a one week field course that will take place at Easter, is assessed by coursework and fieldwork projects. There is no exam.
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING	MTH-2G47	10
BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE MTH-1C27 OR MTH-1B2Y This module will look at techniques of mathematical modelling, examining how mathematics can be applied to a variety of real problems and give insight in various areas. The topics will include approximation and non-dimensionalising, and discussion of how a mathematical model is created. We will then apply this theory to a variety of models such as traffic flow as well as examples of problems arising in industry.
MATHEMATICAL PRINCIPLES	CHE-1H61	10
The module provides students without A-level Mathematics with the basic skills necessary for the appreciation of the more mathematical and quantitative aspects of chemistry. It includes an introduction to differential and integral calculus. It is not available to students with A-level Mathematics.
MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM SOLVING, MECHANICS AND MODELLING	MTH-1A4Y	20
The first part of the module is about how to approach mathematical problems (both pure and applied) and write mathematics. It aims to promote accurate writing, reading and thinking about mathematics, and to improve students' confidence and abilities to tackle unfamiliar problems. The second part of the module is about Mechanics. It includes discussion of Newton's laws of motion, particle dynamics, orbits, and conservation laws. This module is reserved for students registered in the School of Mathematics or registered on the Natural Sciences programme. Students must have A-level Mathematics Grade ‘B’ or above or equivalent.
MATHEMATICS FOR COMPUTING A	CMPC1F1Y	20
The module is designed to provide students who have not studied A level Mathematics with sufficient understanding of basic algebra to give them confidence to embark on the study of computing fundamentals. Various topics in discrete and continuous mathematics which are fundamental to Computer Science will be introduced. More...
MATHEMATICS FOR COMPUTING B	CMPC1F3Y	20
This module is designed for students with an A level (or equivalent) in Mathematics. For these students it provides an introduction to the mathematics of counting and arrangements, a further development of the theory and practice of calculus, an introduction to linear algebra and its computing applications and a further development of the principles and computing applications of probability theory. In addition 3D Vectors are introduced and complex numbers are studied. More...
MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENTISTS 1	ENV-1A61	10
This module is designed for those students with good maths and a Grade C or above in 'A' level Mathematics. Topics include differentiation and integration, Taylor and Maclaurin series, complex numbers, vector algebra, partial differentiations. Previous knowledge of calculus is assumed.
MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENTISTS II	ENV-1A62	10
This module is the second in a series of four mathematical modules for students across the Faculty of Science. It continues the basic calculus of ENV-1A61 into the study of ordinary differential equations that are used to mathematically model many different systems across the sciences, and the use of further integrals to calculate lengths of lines, surface areas, and volumes. Power series expansions are used to represent and simplify functions, and an introduction to complex numbers is given. There is a continuing emphasis on applied examples, and the use of numerical computing software (Matlab).
MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENTISTS III	ENV-2A21	20
This module contains mathematical techniques applicable to a wide range of ENV modules. Among topics covered: matrix algebra, linear equations and eigenvectors, numerical methods, vector fields, Maple programming and complex variables.
MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENTISTS IV	ENV-2A22	20
This module shows how mathematics can be applied to the environment. Topics include: fluid dynamics, partial differential equations, waves, Fourier analysis, applications of solid mechanics to geophysics, including stress, strain and elasticity.
MECHANICS AND MODELLING	MTH-1C32	10
Newton's laws of motion. Particle dynamics, orbits, conservation laws. Population dynamics.
MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY	CHE-2F8Y	20
This module is concerned with the broad aspects of medicinal chemistry, from the discovery of lead compounds and the recognition of biological activity, to the production of pharmaceuticals. Biological activity is discussed in terms of metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and structure-activity relationships (SAR). Drug targets and their exploitation in drug therapies are also discussed. The medicinal chemistry content of this module contains aspects of both chemistry and biology. Therefore the course is started with a series of chemistry 'introductory' seminars relevant to BIO students and a series of biology seminars are provided containing underlying principles relevant to CHEM students.
METEOROLOGY I	ENV-2A23	20
Coursework does not include fieldwork. See ENVF2A23. This module is designed to give a general introduction to meteorology, concentrating on the physical processes in the atmosphere and how these influence our weather. The module contains both descriptive and mathematical treatments of Radiation Balance, The General Circulation, Thermodynamics and Dynamics and the assessment is designed to allow those with either mathematical or descriptive abilities to do well; however a reasonable mathematical competence is essential.
METEOROLOGY II	ENV-2A24	20
This module will build upon the material covered in ENV-2A23 (Meteorology I) covering topics such as synoptic meteorology, micro-scale processes, the General Circulation and weather forecasting.
METEOROLOGY II WITH FIELDCOURSE	ENV-2A24K	20
This module will build upon material covered in ENV-2A23 (Meteorology I) covering topics such as synoptic meteorology, micro-scale processes, the General Circulation and weather forecasting. The module also includes a week long Easter vacation residential fieldcourse, based in the Lake District, focusing on micrometeorology, microclimate and synoptic processes.
MICROBIOLOGY	BIO-2B28	20
A broad module covering all aspects of the biology of microorganisms, providing key knowledge for specialist Level 3 modules. Detailed description is given about the cell biology of bacteria, fungi and protists together with microbial physiology, genetics and environmental and applied microbiology. The biology of disease-causing microorganisms (bacteria, viruses) and prions is also covered. Practical work provides hands-on experience of important microbiological techniques, and expands on concepts introduced in lectures. The module should appeal to biology students across a wide range of disciplines and interests.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY	BIO-2B02	20
The module provides an introduction to the principles of molecular biology. The programme starts with the structure of DNA, genes and genomes, followed by characterisation of the information flow including the mechanisms and regulation of transcription and translation. Protein folding, modification and turnover are described together with reactions concerning DNA (replication, recombination and repair). The module ends with a detailed description of methods used for the experimental manipulation of genetic material (gene isolation, DNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction, molecular cloning, transgenic plants and animals and global functional genomics).
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE AND ENERGY LEVELS	CHE-2F4Y	20
Quantum mechanics, one of the key scientific ideas of the 20th century, has had a wide impact in chemistry. In the first part of the module you will be introduced to the language & methods of quantum mechanics. In the second part, the close relation between spectroscopic measurements of small molecules and quantum theory will be discussed. Further methods of spectroscopy will then be introduced, beginning with the most widely used of all techniques in structure determination, NMR spectroscopy. This will be followed by a discussion of molecular electronic spectra and vibrational spectroscopy, both of which are widely used in chemical analysis.
NUMERICAL SKILLS FOR SCIENTISTS I	ENV-1A51	10
Designed for students who have not achieved Grade C or above in A level mathematics or equivalent, this module will introduce essential mathematics (reading graphs, logs, exponentials, concept of rate of change, manipulating formulae) and statistics (distributions, tests of differences and association). Statistical and numerical skills will also be embedded in other level 1 modules in Environmental Sciences via lecture material and practical classes.
NUMERICAL SKILLS FOR SCIENTISTS II	ENV-1A52	10
Designed to follow Numerical Skills for Scientists I, this module will reinforce and build on the mathematics and statistics taught in Semester 1, continuing numerical exposure through the year so that students are better prepared for level 2 modules in Environmental Sciences. Statistical and numerical skills will also be embedded in other level 1 modules in Environmental Sciences via lecture material and practical classes.
OCEAN CIRCULATION	ENV-2A39	20
This module gives you an understanding of the physical processes occurring in the basin-scale ocean environment. We will introduce and discuss large scale global ocean circulation, including gyres, boundary currents and the overturning circulation. Major themes include the interaction between ocean and atmosphere, and the forces which drive ocean circulation. You should be familiar with partial differentiation, integration, handling equations and using calculators. Co-taught with ENV-MA39
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY	CHE-2C11	20
The topics covered in the module include an introduction to organic synthesis, carbon-carbon bond forming reactions, aromaticity, heterocyclic chemistry, and stereochemistry and mechanism. The module includes laboratory work. Students are required to have taken one of the laboratory modules CHE-1C0Y, CHE-1H0Y or CHE-1E0Y as well as CHE-1C1Y before taking this module.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY I	CHE-2C2Y	20
The module covers a number of the fundamental areas of physical chemistry which are essential for a proper understanding of the behaviour of chemical systems. These include chemical kinetics, the second law of thermodynamics, thermodynamics and properties of solutions and surface chemistry/catalysis. The module includes laboratory work. Students are required to have taken one of the laboratory modules CHE-1C0Y, CHE-1E0Y or CHE-1H0Y as well as CHE-1C24 before taking this module .
PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES	CHE-1H63	10
This module provides students without A-level Physics with an introduction to the basic physical principles necessary for a more complete understanding of chemistry and related subjects. It is not available to students with an A-level of grade C or above in Physics.
PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS	CHE-1H25	10
This module includes material aimed primarily at science students with 'A' level physics and mathematics who wish to study further physics. The material covered will expand on some of the topics from the 'A' level syllabus.
PHYSICS OF MUSIC	SCI-1P15	10
This module explores the physics behind the generation and reception of music. We begin by developing some of the essential physics of wave motion and defining sound measurement terms. This equips us to analyse the physics of stringed instruments (bowed, plucked and struck), woodwind instruments, brass instruments, percussion instruments and the acoustics of singing. We also look at tuning systems, human hearing, and the physics of sound in rooms. Lab-classes include an introduction to MATLAB to enable you to record and analyse the sound of your own instrument, which constitutes the coursework. A-level standard of mathematics is preferred, but anyone without this level who is prepared to work a little to enhance their understanding of mathematics in one or two areas will be able to take this module.
PHYSICS OF MUSIC	SCI-2P15	10
This module explores the physics behind the generation and reception of music. We begin by developing some of the essential physics of wave motion and defining sound measurement terms. This equips us to analyse the physics of stringed instruments (bowed, plucked and struck), woodwind instruments, brass instruments, percussion instruments and the acoustics of singing. We also look at tuning systems, human hearing, and the physics of sound in rooms. Lab-classes include an introduction to MATLAB to enable you to record and analyse the sound of your own instrument, which constitutes the coursework. A-level standard of mathematics is preferred, but anyone without this level who is prepared to work a little to enhance their understanding of mathematics in one or two areas will be able to take this module.
PLANT BIOLOGY	BIO-2B07	20
This unit, which will consist of lectures and practical classes, will provide an appreciation of modern plant biology with an emphasis on development, signalling, and response to the environment. It will encompass genetic, molecular, biochemical and physiological perspectives and provide an understanding of the major aspects of plant cell structure, function and metabolism, including photosynthesis and respiration, an understanding of inter- and intracellular signalling and an understanding of how plants perceive and respond to the physical and biological environments.
POLYMER & MATERIALS CHEMISTRY	CHE-2H11	10
This introductory unit in organic and inorganic materials chemistry describes the synthesis and the mechanism of formation of various types of polymers and macromolecular compounds. Their physical and chemical properties are discussed along with their applications. Under inorganic materials common crystal structures are described and related to the electrical properties. Band theory is introduced to explain electronic conductivity in metals and semiconductors. The module CHE-2H03 offers optional related practical work, and can be taken at the same time if required.
POLYMERS & MATERIALS LABORATORY	CHE-2H03	10
The experiments in this laboratory are project in nature, involving the synthesis and evaluation of inorganic and organic materials. The module is recommended for students taking level 2 core chemistry modules and should preferably be taken with CHE-2H11. Students are required to have taken one of the laboratory modules CHE-1C0Y, CHE-1E0Y or CHE-1H0Y, as well as CHE-1C1Y and CHE-1C3Y, before taking this module.
PROBABILITY	MTH-1C34	10
Probability as a measurement of uncertainty, statistical experiments and Bayes' theorem. Discrete and continuous distributions. Expectation. Applications of probability: Markov chains, reliability theory.
PROFESSIONAL & PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR SCIENTISTS I	CHE-2H93	10
The unit aims to develop the skills required of professional scientists and valued by employers, which are communication, teamworking and group problem-solving skills. This unit concentrates on teamworking skills.
PROGRAMMING 1	CMPC1M0Y	20
The purpose of the module is to give the student a solid grounding in the essential features of object-oriented computer programming using the Java programming language. The module is designed to meet the needs of a student who has not previously studied programming, although it is recognised that many will in fact have done so in some measure. On completing this module the student should be capable of developing, testing and documenting simple but non-trivial object-oriented programs, and of using the appropriate technical terminology in discussing these programs. More...
PROGRAMMING FOR APPLICATIONS	CMPC1X04	20
This module gives an introduction to computer systems and to programming using Java. The module assumes no prior knowledge of programming and is aimed at the non-specialist. This module is an alternative pre-requisite for a number of second level CMP modules, including CMPC2M11 and CMPC2G04. More...
PROGRAMMING FOR NON-SPECIALISTS	CMPC2X02	20
This module gives an introduction to computer systems and to programming using Java. The module assumes no prior knowledge of programming and is aimed at the non-specialist. This module is an alternative pre-requisite for a number of other second level CMP modules. More...
QUANTUM MECHANICS	MTH-2G50	10
The motion of very small systems such as atoms does not satisfy the equations of classical mechanics. For example an electron orbiting a nucleus can only have certain discrete energy levels. In quantum mechancis the motion of a particle is described by a wave function which describes the probability of the particle having a certain energy. Topics addressed in this module include: Wave Functions, Schrodinger's Equation, Uncertainty Principle, Wave Scattering, Harmonic Oscillators.
QUANTUM MECHANICS AND SYMMETRY	CHE-2H45	10
Some of the major themes of quantum mechanics are introduced and developed. These include: quantum principles, atomic structure, simple harmonic motion, angular momentum, symmetry, simple molecular orbital theory and approximation methods.
REAL ANALYSIS	MTH-1A3Y	20
Sequences and series, tests for convergence. Limits, continuity, differentiation, Riemann integration, Fundamental Theorem. Students must have A-level Mathematics Grade 'B' or above or equivalent.
SEDIMENTOLOGY	ENV-2A25	20
Understanding modern and ancient depositional environments: their processes and products. Economic and environmental aspects of sediments.
SETS, NUMBERS AND PROBABILITY	MTH-1A1Y	20
Basic set-theoretic notation, functions. Proof by induction, arithmetic, rationals and irrationals, the Euclidean algorithm. Styles of proof. Elementary set theory. Modular arithmetic, equivalence relations. Countability. Probability as a measurement of uncertainty, statistical experiments and Bayes' theorem. Discrete and continuous distributions. Expectation. Applications of probability: Markov chains, reliability theory. Students must have A-level Mathematics Grade 'B' or above or equivalent.
SOIL PROCESSES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES	ENV-2A27	20
This module will combine lectures, practicals, seminars and fieldwork to provide students with an appreciation of the soil environment and the processes that occurs within it. The module will progress through: basic soil components/properties; soil identification and classification; soil as a habitat; soil organisms; soil functions; the agricultural environment; soil-organism-agrochemical interaction; soil contamination; soil and climate change.
SOLID EARTH GEOPHYSICS	ENV-2A12	20
What lies beneath our feet? This module addresses this question by exploring how waves, rays and the various physical techniques are used in geophysics to image the subsurface on scales of metres to kilometres . The basic theory and interpretation methods of seismic, electrical and gravity and magnetic surveys are studied. A wide range of applications is covered including archaeological geophysics, energy resources and geohazards. Students doing this module are normally expected to have a good mathematical ability, notably in calculus and algebra before taking this module (ENV-1A61 Mathematics for Scientists I, ENV-1A62 Mathematics for Scientists II or equivalent).
SOLID EARTH GEOPHYSICS WITH FIELDCOURSE	ENV-2A12K	20
What lies beneath our feet? This module addresses this question by exploring how waves, rays and the various physical techniques are used in geophysics to image the subsurface on scales of meters to kilometres. The basic theory and interpretation methods of seismic, electrical and gravity and magnetic surveys are studied. A wide range of applications is covered including archaeological geophysics, energy resources and geohazards. The fieldcourse provides "hands-on" experience of the various techniques and applications, adding on valuable practical skills. This module is highly valued by employers in industry; guest industrial lecturers will cover the current 'state-of-the-art' applications in real world situations. Students doing this module are normally expected to have a good mathematical ability, notably in calculus and algebra before taking this module (ENV-1A61 Mathematics for Scientists I, ENV-1A62 Mathematics for Scientists II or equivalent).
SOUND AND IMAGE I	CMPE2I06	20
There has recently been a huge growth in the power and sophistication of tools that enable people to manipulate images and sounds on computers, and the techniques underlying these tools are also key for the development of artificial intelligence. In this module, we study the nature of audio and video signals from devices such as cameras and microphones and how they are captured and represented on a computer. This includes the coverage of essential ideas of topics such as sampling, time, spatial and frequency domains, filtering, Fourier representation etc. and practical work (using MATLAB) on processing sounds and images to e.g. produce effects, extract information from, or recognize a sound or an image. More...
SPECIAL TOPICS IN CHEMISTRY 1	CHE-1H93	10
This unit comprises a broadly-based series of lectures on science, coupled with written activities based upon them. The twin objectives are to provide a contextual backdrop to the more focussed studies in other concurrent and subsequent units, and to engage students as participants in researching and presenting related information.
SPECIAL TOPICS IN CHEMISTRY 2	CHE-1H94	10
A follow-on module from CHE-1H93. The topics covered in CHE-1H93 will be used as a basis for assignments and exercises which will help to develop students' team working and presentational skills.
STATISTICAL METHODS	CMPC2S11	20
This is a first course in statistics. It introduces the essential ideas of statistics deriving the necessary distribution theory as required. The aim of the course is to discuss the essential concepts in statistics rather than just to give a list of techniques for specific problems. The focus will be on developing ideas in distribution theory and inference based on the likelihood function. In consequence in addition to ideas of sampling and limit laws, it will cover maximum likelihood estimation and inference based on the likelihood ratio. If possible some Bayesian ideas will be introduced. While this course deals with concepts we shall aim to show how these are motivated by real problems More...
SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIETY	ENV-1A28	10
Striking a balance between societal development, economic growth and environmental protection has proven difficult and controversial. The terms ‘sustainability’ and ‘sustainable development’ have been used in attempts to reconcile these three areas. Yet the ill-defined and contradictory nature of these concepts has also hampered their implementation. This module considers sustainability in theory and practice by examining the relationships between environment and society, through the contributions of a variety of social science disciplines. Taught in the first half of semester.
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS	CMPC2B05	20
This module considers various activities associated with the development of all types of computer based information systems including project management, feasibility, investigation, analysis, logical and physical design, and the links to file design, software design, and user interface design. It makes use of a number of analysis and design tools and techniques in order to produce readable system specifications. Students are introduced to a number of development methods including structured, object oriented, soft systems, participative, iterative and rapid approaches. More...
THE COMPUTING REVOLUTION	CMPC2F05	20
The module is designed to provide students with an overview of the history of computing, the current state-of-the-art in a number of areas, and an insight into likely developments. Students consider social and ethical implications of use of computing technology along with security and safety of computing systems. Research techniques, report writing and team skills are developed. More...
THE COMPUTING REVOLUTION	CMPC1F05	20
The module is designed to provide students with an overview of the history of computing, and an insight to likely developments. Report writing and team skills are developed. More...
THEORETICAL COMPUTING	CMPC2F02	20
A required module for Computer Science students starting after 2007, this module provides an introduction to computing theory with an emphasis on its application within software development. Topics covered include syntax and semantic models, prepositional and predicate calculus and formal correctness proofs. More...

Free Choice Study (20 credits)

Students will select modules worth 20 credits from the course catalogue with the approval of their School

Students should complete at least 100 credits in their two major subjects by the end of year 4. In Year 3 students are expected to take a minimum of 80 credits at level 3.

Option A Study (100 credits)

Students will select 100 credits from the following modules:

Name	Code	Credits
ADVANCED GRAPHICS	CMPC3G02	20
This is an advanced module aiming to acquaint the student with the techniques of three-dimensional modelling, high-quality rendering, ray tracing, radiosity and modern 3D graphics hardware. It also introduces computational geometry which is the study of algorithms and data structures for solving geometric problems on a computer. The module is a logical continuation of Graphics I and II. More...
ADVANCED LABORATORY	CHE-M30Y	20
This module provides a bridge between undergraduate laboratory modules and postgraduate research, and gives training in specific study-skills related to research. A small number of advanced experiments will be undertaken, each involving standard procedures followed by open-ended investigation. Each of the practical components will be followed by a short viva. It is only available to MChem students.
ADVANCED STATISTICS	CMPC3C12	20
This module covers three topics in statistical theory. For this year they are Regression and Linear Model, Generalised Models and Non-parametric Methods. The first two topics consider both the theory and practice of statistical model fitting and students will be expected to analyse real data. The third topic is chosen to be a contrasting one. Non-parametric methods are a vital part of the statisticians armoury and cheap computing makes such techniques very powerful. We look at the traditional permutation based methods as well as the empirical distribution function. More...
ALGEBRA	MTH-2C3Y	20
(a) Vector space, basis and dimension. Linear maps, rank-nullity. Matrices, change of basis, minimal and characteristic polynomial. Diagonalization. Inner product on Rn, Gram-Schmidt process, examples from algebra and analysis. (b) Revision of basic concepts. Cosets, Lagrange's theorem. Normal subgroups and factor groups. First isomorphism theorem. Rings, elementary properties and examples of commutative rings. Ideals, quotient rings. Polynomial rings and construction of finite fields. Unique Factorization in rings.
ANALYSIS	MTH-2C1Y	20
(a) Continuity, differentiation, uniform convergence, power series and how they represent functions for both real and complex variables. (b) Topology of the complex plane, holomorphic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations, complex integration, Cauchy and Laurent theorems, residue calculus.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY	CHE-3H24	10
This unit provides a detailed account of more advanced and specialised methods of vibrational spectroscopy. It introduces the theory and practice of using chemometric approaches to make sense of large and complex analytical data sets, with reference to problems in food science and food analysis. It concludes with a section on the design, operation and use of chemical sensors and biosensors.
APPLIED STATISTICS A	CMPC2S10	20
This is a module designed to give students the opportunity to apply statistical methods in realistic situations. While no advanced knowledge of probability and statistics is required, we expect students to have some background in probability and statistics before taking this module. The aim is to cover 4 topics from a list including: Estimating population abundance, Extremes and quartiles, Linear models, Bootstrap methods and their application, Sample surveys, Simulations, Subjective statistics, Forecasting and Clustering methods. The topics on offer may vary to cover the interests of those in the class. More...
AQUATIC ECOLOGY	ENV-2A01	20
An analysis of how biological, chemical and physical influences shape the biological communities of rivers, lakes and estuaries in temperate and tropical regions. There is an important practical component to this module and the first of the three pieces of written work involves statistical analysis of class data. The module fits well with other ecology modules and can also be taken alongside geochemical, sedimentological or hydrological modules. The module may also appeal to students with interests in international development. Pre-requisite requirements: A first-year ecology module in either ENV or in the School of Biological Sciences or an A-level in a biological subject or a biologically biased access course plus familiarity with basic statistics and data analysis.
ARCHITECTURES AND OPERATING SYSTEMS	CMPC2M09	20
This module studies the organization of both the system software and the underlying hardware architecture in modern computer systems. The role of concurrent operation of both hardware and software components is emphasized throughout, and the central concepts of the module are reinforced by practical work involving Lego robots and Java programming exercises. More...
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE	CMPC2A12	20
This module aims to introduce concepts of classical Artificial Intelligence. Topics include an introduction to a logic programming language, knowledge representation, expert systems, case base reasoning, problem solving paradigms and game playing. More...
ASTROPHYSICS WITH ADVANCED TOPICS	SCI-2E01	10
This 10 credit module gives an overview of astrophysics through lectures and workshops. Assessment will involve some coursework and a coursetest. The module assumes previous study of either A level physics, CHE-1H63 Physical Principles, MTH-1C32 Mechanics and Modelling or an equivalent course. Topics covered will include some history of astrophysics, radiation, matter, gravitation, astrophysical measurements, spectroscopy, stars and some aspects of cosmology. Some of these topics will be taken to a more advanced level. The more advanced topics will include workshop examples and coursetest questions at level 2 standard.
ASYMPTOTIC ANALYSIS	MTH-3E37	20
This 20 credit module provides introduction to asymptotic analysis of algebraic equations, ordinary and partial differential equations and integrals. Asymptotic analysis is an important tool in almost all branches of science and engineering. This analysis provides useful but approximate solutions and formulae with an accuracy which is well understood and controllable. The course covers asymptotic expansions, divergent asymptotic series, local approximations, regular and singular perturbations of solutions, asymptotic formulae, Laplace and Fourier integrals, method of strained coordinates, method of multiple scales, matched asymptotic expansions, matching rules.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND GLOBAL CHANGE	ENV-2A37	20
Atmospheric chemistry and global change are in the news: stratospheric ozone depletion, acid rain, climate change, photochemical smog, global-scale air pollution, etc. This module covers the fundamental chemical principles and processes involving gases and particles in Earth’s changing atmosphere. It comprises lectures, problem solving classes, practical and computing labs, as well as a field trip to UEA's own atmospheric observatory in Weybourne/North Norfolk.
ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION: MEASUREMENT AND MODELLING	ENV-3A80	20
Emissions of gases and other pollutants from human activities are critical drivers of phenomena such as climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, degradation of air quality in urban and rural areas, long-range transport of air pollution, and changes in aerosol and cloud physical properties. To understand these impacts it is necessary to make atmospheric measurements of chemical composition and physical parameters, and to interpret these observations with a range of statistical, conceptual, and computer-based models. In this module you will be introduced to a range of modern atmospheric measurements techniques, both those used in the field and in the laboratory. Consideration will be given to the relevant chemical and physical processes that are required to understand these observations. You will also learn about a range of interpretive techniques including numerical models, and you will put some of these in to practice.
BEHAVIOURAL ECOLOGY	BIO-2B18	20
In this unit, the interrelationships between animal behaviour, ecology and evolution will be explored. More specifically, students will examine how animals behave under particular ecological conditions and seek explanations for the evolution of specific behavioural patterns, using the concepts of Darwinian selection and adaptation as theoretical cornerstones. Students will become familiar with several modelling approaches to behaviour.
BIOCHEMISTRY	BIO-2B01	20
This module builds on the principles of biochemistry taught in BIO-1A14. Selected topics in intermediary metabolism are covered in greater depth and extended to include the specific roles of coenzymes in metabolic pathways. In turn this leads to a discussion of the roles of hormone-receptor interactions and signal transduction in metabolic regulation. The recent contributions of structural biology to cellular bioenergetics are acknowledged in both the lecture series and associated practical classes, whilst ATP utilization is illustrated by consideration of the active transport of molecules across membranes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND HUMAN SOCIETY	ENV-3A17	20
This is an inter-disciplinary module focusing on the interaction between ecology, biodiversity and human societies. It examines the human drivers of biodiversity loss, the importance of biodiversity to human society, conflicts between human society and conservation and how these can be resolved, and institutions for biodiversity conservation and environmental management. It is designed for students of Biology, Ecology, Environmental Science, Environmental Geography and International Development and Development Studies. This inter-disciplinary module does not require previous detailed knowledge of ecological mechanisms; where a simple understanding of key ecological processes is important, this will be reviewed and taught in class. Key principles, issues and theory are covered in lectures by UEA faculty. These are supported by case studies from external speakers working in conservation, environmental and resource management agencies and NGOs. The module will comprise 2 core lectures plus one workshop / seminar / outside speaker each week. The module will be assessed by a spring semester exam and coursework designed to develop skills in reviewing and interpreting evidence to non-scientists. This will comprise a briefing paper written for non-specialist policy makers, reviewing scientific evidence and areas of uncertainty on a conservation topic, and providing recommendations for UK government policy and identifying research needed, involving both group (written report max 1500 words, conducted in pairs) and individual (powerpoint slideshow: a summary presentation for policy makers) elements. There are no formal prerequisites, but the module complements and builds on a number of 200 level module including: ENV / BIO 200 level core ecology modules (ie, populations, processes), ENV2A8Y Economics of the Environment, ENV-2A06 Environmental Politics and Policy Making, DEV-2C63 Natural Resources for Development II, DEV-2D64 Natural Resources for Development III.
BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE ECOLOGY	ENV-3A15	20
This module examines the biological and ecological processes that underpin our dependence on, and use of, the marine environment for 'goods and services'. Students will study the ecology of marine organisms (from bacteria to fish) which provide the 'services' of climate modulation, nutrient regeneration and food production, threats to the sustainability of these services and the management challenges that result. The module will cover the biodiversity and molecular ecology of bacteria,diatoms, coccolithophores and nitrogen fixers, the physiology and distribution of zooplankton, the ecology of exploited populations and management of the marine environment including fisheries. Example ecosystems such as polar regions, mid ocean gyres and Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems will be studied in detail, and predictions of the impact of environmental change (increasing temperature, decreasing pH, decreasing oxygen, changes in nutrient supply and human exploitation) on marine ecosystem dynamics, will be examined. The module also includes lectures and workshops by biological oceanographers from the Centre for the Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS).
BIOLOGY IN SOCIETY	BIO-2B1Y	20
THIS MODULE IS ONLY AVAILABLE TO ANY STUDENT THAT SATISFIES THE PRE-REQUISITE REQUIREMENTS. Alternative pre-requisites are BIO-1A03 and BIO-1A04, or BIO-1A13 and BIO-1A14. This module will provide an opportunity to discuss various aspects of biology in society. Students will be able to critically analyse the way biological sciences issues are represented in popular literature and the media and an idea of the current ‘hot topics’ in biological ethics. Specific topics to be covered will involve aspects of contemporary biological science that have important ethical considerations for society, such as GM crops, DNA databases, designer babies, stem cell research etc. Being able to understand the difference between scientific fact and scientific fiction is not always straightforward. What was once viewed as science fiction has sometimes become a scientific fact or scientific reality as our scientific knowledge and technology has increased exponentially. Conversely, science fiction can sometimes be portrayed inaccurately as scientific fact. Students will research relevant scientific literature and discover the degree of scientific accuracy represented within the genre of science fiction.
BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY	CHE-2F7Y	20
The unit is an introduction to aspects of physical chemistry relevant to biology. Topics include: protein structure and stability,interatomic and intermolecular forces and their influence on biomoloecluar structure, X-ray crystallography, electronic, fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopies, hydrodynamic techniques, ligand binding to macromolecules, and enzyme kinetics. The coursework involves practical laboratory work and course tests. Students are required to have taken on of the laboratory units CHE-1C0Y, CHE-1E0Y or CHE-1H0Y in addition to the PP/PS units above, before taking this unit.
CANCER BIOLOGY	BIO-3C27	20
This module deals with the concepts and principles of genetic analysis of cancer. The various roles of genes in development, apoptosis, the cell cycle, metastasis and angiogenesis are covered for example. A discussion on the potential of novel therapies concludes the module. This module takes advantage of several experts from the Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital. Students will thus gain an in-depth appreciation of cancer as a disease process from both the scientific and clinical viewpoints. It is highly advantageous to have taken BIO-2B02 as well as BIO-2B06.
CATCHMENT WATER RESOURCES	ENV-3A60	20
This module will adopt an integrated approach to studying surface water and groundwater resources in river basins. Approaches to catchment management will be considered in the context of improving water-dependent terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Topics of climate change impacts on water resources in terms of droughts and floods, as well as water quality issues arising from changing land-use patterns will be considered, together with the engineering and socio-economic methods necessary to adapt to future pressures on water resources. Co-taught with ENV-MA60.
CELL BIOLOGY	BIO-2B06	20
This module explores the molecular organisation of cells and the regulation of dynamic cellular changes, with some emphasis on medical cell biology. Dynamic properties of cell membranes, cell signalling, growth factor function and aspects of cancer biology and immunology. Regulation of the internal cell environment (nuclear organisation and information flow, cell growth, division and motility), the relationship of the cell to its extracellular matrix and the determination of cell phenotype. Aspects of cell death, the ageing process, developmental biology, mechanisms of tissue renewal and repair. It is strongly recommended that students taking this module should also take BIO-2B02 or BIO-2B17.
CELL BIOLOGY AND MECHANISMS OF DISEASE	BIO-3C18	20
This module is concerned with the structure and function of cells and it has a strong emphasis on experimental methodologies used to study cell dynamics. Topics to be covered include: DNA cloning and gene expression, microscopy and image analysis, cell junctions and communication, mechanics of cell division, cell signalling in motility, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix and tissue function, growth factors and proliferation and cell differentiation. The module also includes three demonstrations of current techniques used to study cells and review sessions where students have an opportunity to ask questions on aspects of cell biology.
CELLULAR SIGNALLING	BIO-3C03	20
The module deals with the mechanisms involved in signal recognition, transduction and response in animal cells. Topics include the molecular basis of receptor activation and the way in which this is interpreted either in changes in second messenger levels or in protein-protein interactions and ultimately in changes in protein kinase activities. The module then goes on to look at some of the effects on cell behaviour that result from signal input. (With the agreement of the module organiser, students who have taken BIO-2B01 but not BIO-2B06 may be allowed to take this module.)
CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY	ENV-2A45	20
Covers the major processes that set the chemical composition of the oceans, the distribution of nutrient, and carbon, the distribution of life in the oceans and the interaction of the oceans and atmosphere. how this interacts with the atmosphere to maintain the global environment of the Earth. Elements of physical oceanography and ocean circulation, of geochemistry, marine biology and global change science are covered.
CHEMICAL PHYSICS LABORATORY	CHE-2H04	10
An experimentally-based module highlighting elements of physical chemistry/chemical physics, notably spectroscopy and quantum mechanics.
CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS	CMPE2D01	20
This module introduces students to techniques for analysis of analogue electronic circuits and systems. The module comprises lectures, workshops and laboratories. Workshops develop analytical and problem solving skills. Practical exercises and projects, undertaken in the Lewin Laboratory support the underpinning theory and enable students to build a range of simple electronic devices, e.g. AM comms system, video-scope, digital thermometer, etc. More...
CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENCE AND POLICY	ENV-2A09	20
Understanding modern and ancient depositional environments: their processes and products. Economic and environmental aspects of sediments.
CLIMATE CHANGE: PHYSICAL SCIENCE BASIS	ENV-3A49	20
Climate change and variability has played a major role in shaping human history and the prospect of a warming world as a result of human activities (global warming) presents society with an increasing challenge over the coming decades. This module covers the science of climate change, our current understanding of anthropogenic effects on climate, and the uncertainties/limitations of our scientific knowledge. It provides details about the approaches, methods and techniques for understanding the history of climate change and for developing climate projections for the next 100 years, supporting further study of the scientific or policy aspects of the subject in either an academic or applied context. Co-taught with ENV-MA49.
COMBINATORICS	MTH-2G40	10
BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE MTH-1C17 OR EQUIVALENT 1. Colouring Things: Graphs, Colourings, chromatic numbers, and Ramsey Theory. 2. Counting Things: Binomial coefficients, Inclusion-Exclusion formula, Compositions and partitions.
COMMUNICATION AND TRANSPORT ACROSS BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES	BIO-3C02	20
The module will explore the experimental and computer-based methods for studying the structure and function of membrane proteins. The principles explored will be illustrated with examples of topical interest. The module will also consider the biosynthesis of integral membrane proteins and the mechanisms by which proteins are targeted into, or across, biological membranes. The structure, specialisation and differentiation of biological membranes will also be explored.
COMMUNITY, ECOSYSTEM AND MACRO-ECOLOGY	BIO-2B26	20
The module will introduce the main concepts in community, ecosystem and macro-ecology – patterns and processes related to species richness, diversity; stability; succession; primary and secondary productivity and energy flows. We will then examine how these concepts aid our understanding of the functioning of terrestrial and marine ecosystems.
COMPUTER VISION (FOR DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY)	CMPC3I16	20
This module covers the various stages in processing the image recorded at the sensor level in a camera so that the output is an attractive photographic image. The first half of the course will cover topics including demosiacking, denoising, white point correction, dynamic range compression and image rendering. The second half will look at higher level functions such as finding faces in images, content recognition (including face recognition) and facial coding in images. The last topic is particularly interesting in the context of mobile phone applications. More...
CRYPTOGRAPHY	MTH-2G27	10
Cryptography is the science of keeping secrets secret. Throughout history there are numerous examples of use of cryptography. For instance, Caesar himself used to send encrypted messages to his generals using the now-called Caesar cypher. Nowadays, with the development of internet, the need for efficient ways to communicate private data has never been greater._In this course, we will first give a brief account of cryptography through history, we will then introduce some results in number theory which are essential to cryptography and finally, we will study some of the most famous cryptosystems (such as RSA). MTH-1C36 is not a prerequisite or co-requisite but is recommended.
DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS	CMPC2M11	20
This is a compulsory module for all computing students and provides the necessary foundation in data and storage structures for all computing streams. In addition, the module emphasises systematic algorithm design and discusses algorithm analysis. At the same time, the module provides the student with the opportunity to reinforce and enhance the programming skills developed in the first year. More...
DATABASE SYSTEMS	CMPC2B08	20
This module covers most aspects of databases, database manipulation and database management systems. The module is mainly based on the relational model, although other models are also discussed. The students will explore the tools and methods for database design as well as the programming of database applications. Part of the practical experience gained will be acquired using a modern commercial relational database management system. Students will also gain programming experience using SQL, and using the Java JDBC interface. A high level language programming module is a pre-requisite. More...
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND ALGORITHMS	MTH-2C4Y	20
(a) Differential Equations: Fourier series. Partial differential equations (PDEs): diffusion equation, wave equation, Laplace's equation. Solution by separation of variables in Cartesian and polar coordinates. Ordinary differential equations (ODEs): solution by reduction of order and variation of parameters. Series solution and the method of Frobenius. Legendre's and Bessel's equations: Legendre polynomials, Bessel functions and their recurrence relations. (b) Algorithms: An introduction to a variety of numerical methods. Solution of linear algebraic equations. Solution of nonlinear equations. Numerical integration. Numerical Solution of ODEs.
DIGITAL SYSTEMS DESIGN	CMPE2D04	20
This module is concerned with the design and implementation of digital electronic systems that form basic components of modern computers. Topics include an introduction to switching algebra, synthesis of combinational and sequential circuits and techniques for circuit minimization. The module also provides a practical introduction to VHDL, an industry standard hardware description language. Students gain practical experience by undertaking a number of projects based on programmable logic devices. More...
DYNAMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY	MTH-3E48	20
This course applies fluid dynamics to the study of the circulation of the oceans. Topics studied include: geostrophic flow, Ekman layers, wind driven circulation, western boundary currents (e.g. the Gulf Steam), abyssal circulation, Rossby waves, Kelvin waves, Equatorial dynamics, Southern Ocean dynamics.
EARTH AND LIFE	ENV-3A38	20
This module introduces Earth system science, taking a top-down approach to the Earth as a whole system, and tracing its development since its formation 4.5 billion years ago. The main focus is on the coupled evolution of life and its environment through a series of revolutions. Theoretical approaches are introduced, including Gaia, feedback mechanisms and systems theory, and practical sessions use models to build up conceptual understanding. The subject is inherently inter-disciplinary, including aspects of biology, chemistry and physics, and unifying the study of climate and global biogeochemical cycles. Co-taught with ENV-MA38.
EARTH SCIENCE FIELD SKILLS	ENV-2A98K	10
In addition to the laboratory-based skills offered in ENV 2A96 (Earth Science Skills) this module concentrates on Earth Science field observation, description and interpretation. During a residential course you will develop a field skill-set, which is designed for students planning an independent project requiring Earth Science field skills. This module is strongly recommended for Environmental Earth Science students. The primary focus will be on geological mapping, structure and stratigraphy, but this module may include hydrogeological, geochemical and Quaternary techniques depending on field location and staff availability Assessment is course work only. Students should have completed at least 40 credits of Earth Science or Geophysics modules before taking this module.
EARTH SCIENCE SKILLS	ENV-2A96	10
Good observational and descriptive skills lie at the heart of many areas of Environmental Science. This module is designed to develop those and is particularly suitable for students with interests in Earth and Geophysical Sciences. It will cover generic Earth Science skills of use for projects in this area. The module will include: observing, describing and recording the characteristics of geological materials (hand specimen and under microscope); measuring and representing 3d data, and reading geological maps. It will be taught mostly in laboratory classes and by self-study exercises. Taught in the second half of the semester. Before taking this module you must take (or be taking) at least 40 credits of Earth Science or Geophysics Modules at honours level.
EARTH SYSTEM GEOCHEMISTRY	ENV-2A30	20
Examines how the earth system and its geochemical cycling operate on both global and micro scales. Emphasis is on natural cycles, starting with big themes such as crust-hydrosphere-biosphere interaction and its effects on the long term C cycle, including regulation of carbon dioxide. Elements, isotopes, organic molecules (and their isotopic compositions) are used as tracers of processes and events in earth history. Organic matter, its chemistry and its relationship to both the C and S cycles is explored. Dating of geological materials with radiometric methods is introduced. The course explores themes in both deep time (millions of years) and more recent glacial-interglacial cycles (thousands to hundreds of thousands of years).
EARTHQUAKE AND VOLCANIC HAZARDS	ENV-3A04	20
The aim of the module is to be able to solve geophysical problems (both physical and chemical) in a methodical way. Problems will be described conceptionally, then defined mathematically, then solved numerically. Emphasis on numerical solutions to partial differential equations encountered in geophysical sciences: their stability and accuracy. Case studies from meteorology, oceanography, hydrology and geophysics. Extensive project work involved.
EARTHQUAKE AND VOLCANIC HAZARDS WITH FIELDCOURSE	ENV-3A04K	20
Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions have significant environmental and societal impacts. This module focuses on the physical basis and analysis of each hazard, their global range of occurrence and their global impact. The module also addresses approaches towards hazard mitigation and minimising vulnerability, with an emphasis on their practical implication. Scenarios and probabilities occurrence of mega-disasters are also investigated. A one week field trip in Scotland takes place to introduce you to various aspects of natural hazards and in particular to faulting and earthquake hazards. This module is co-taught with ENV-MA04K
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM	MTH-3E74	20
The behaviour of electric and magnetic fields is fundamental to many features of life we take for granted yet the underlying equations are surprisingly compact and elegant. We will begin with an historical overview of electrodynamics to see where the governing equations (Maxwell's) come from. We will then use these equations as axioms and apply them to a variety of situations including electro- and magneto-statics problems and then time-dependent problems (eg electromagnetic waves). We shall also consider how the equations change in an electromagnetic media and look at some simple examples.
ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND DISTRIBUTION	ENG-3E02	20
This module builds on the introductory material of the first and second year theme of electricity by studying the technical aspects, e.g. transformer design, cable constraints, of the provision of a national grid for electricity together with the practical aspects and costs involved. Detailed consideration of the various contributions to demand and their mis-match with supply will lead naturally to considerations of the established and novel methods for storing electricity, e.g. pumped-storage schemes or super-capacitors.
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS	CMPE3D02	20
Embedded processors are at the core of a huge range of products e.g. mobile telephones, cameras, passenger cars, washing machines, DVD players, medical equipment, etc. The embedded market is currently estimated to be worth around 100x the 'desktop' market and is projected to grow exponentially over the next decade. This module builds on the material delivered in CMPC2M09 to consider the design and development of real-time embedded system applications for commercial off the shelf (COTS) processors running real-time operating systems (RTOS) such as eLinux. More...
EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS	ENV-2B52	10
In this module you will acquire the generic work-ready skills relevant to graduate level employment in the Environmental business sector. The module objectives and content is shaped by consultation with managers of business in the Environmental Sciences sector including Local Government, Providers of Environmental Services and Utilities, Energy Exploration, Sustainable Energy Resources, Conservation and Not-for-profit organisations. These highly desirable work-ready skills that are currently lacking in the majority of graduate students will be taught through a theoretical understanding and supported by practice of skills through environmental case studies that include sessions led by guest speakers associated with a range of Environmental business.
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY	ENV-2A92	10
This module is designed to teach skills necessary for the acquisition of good quality chemical data in environmental systems, and in the interpretation of this data. The module will focus on the collection of environmental samples for chemical analysis, methods of chemical analysis and the analytical and mathematical techniques used for data quality control. There will be a large component of practical work. This module will be particularly relevant for those wishing to do a chemistry-related project later in their degree. Taught in the first half of the semester.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS AND POLICY MAKING	ENV-2A06	20
Examines the theoretical and empirical development of environmental politics in modern society (mostly in the European Union) including: the sources of modern environmentalism and its many manifestations in modern policy making systems; the environmental policies of the UK and the European Union; different theories of political power and public policy making; the role of environmental pressure groups and business; global environmental politics and policy making. The module draws heavily on the theoretical interpretation of everyday examples of politics, which are explored in student seminar presentations and in an extended case study (i.e. essay). This module is co-convened by Professor Andrew Jordan and Dr Irene Lorenzoni.
EVOLUTION IN HEALTH AND DISEASE	BIO-3C57	20
The module aims to provide an up-to-date and thought-provoking discussion about evolutionary medicine and the evolution of disease. The module will examine how evolutionary principles illuminate and provide fresh insight into a broad range of contemporary health problems including infectious, chronic and nutritional diseases and disorders. Topics are introduced in a multidisciplinary approach that takes into account the relationship between biology and society as it relates to understanding, treating, and preventing disease. Evidence will be presented that all aspects of the human condition have an evolutionary basis. The course will cover 4 broad areas: (i) principles of evolutionary medicine - humans in their evolutionary context, and discussion of the factors that drive evolutionary change; (ii) evolution and non-infectious diseases (cancer, lifestyles, ageing); (iii) evolution and infection (vaccines, antibiotics, pathogens, emerging diseases); (iv) personalised medicine and social context of evolutionary medicine.
EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY	BIO-2B10	20
The aim of this module is to provide a background in the concepts and principles of evolutionary biology. It includes discussion of genetic variation, population genetics, natural selection, population structure, ecological adaptation, life history characteristics, speciation, interactions among species, biological diversity, phylogeny and molecular ecology and biogeography. Workshop discussions are held weekly.
EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION GENETICS	BIO-3C24	20
This module takes students from the fundamental tools of the molecular ecologist through to their use to address issues in the modern era of both evolutionary biology and conservation. Population genetic and phylogenetic theory and methodology are examined to provide the student with the critical means to both carry out and assess the use of modern molecular techniques in such areas as evolutionary biology, conservation genetics, behavioural ecology, and phylogeography.
FIELD ECOLOGY	BIO-2B21	20
Students explore the ecology of moorlands, bogs, sand dunes, rocky shores, estuaries and woodlands. Students should develop skills in identifying plants and animals using scientific keys, carrying out quantitative surveys and statistically analysing their data. Strong emphasis is placed on student-lead project work. The bulk of the teaching takes place on a two week field course in Western Ireland, that runs immediately before the start of the Autumn Semester.
FLUIDS AND SOLIDS	MTH-2C2Y	20
(a) Hydrostatics, compressibility. Kinematics: velocity, particle path, streamlines. Continuity, incompressibility, streamtubes. Dynamics: Material derivative, Euler's equations, vorticity and irrotational flows. Velocity potential and streamfunction. Bernoulli's equation for unsteady flow. Circulation: Kelvin's Theorem, Helmholtz's theorems. Basic water waves. (b) An introduction to continuum physics, linear elasticity as an example. The strain and stress tensors. Conservation of mass, linear momentum, angular momentum. Equilibrium equations, symmetry of stress tensor. Generalised Hooke's law. Bulk, shear and Young's moduli, Poisson's ratio. Strain energy. Boundary-value problems, Bending and torsion of a rod. Plane P and S waves.
FOOD DOMESTICATION AND SUSTAINABILITY	BIO-3C44	20
Scientists have recently been delivered with the challenge to double food production over the next 40 years in order to feed the population, without greatly increasing the area of land farmed, and with reduced input from fossil fuel energy. This provides challenges that include food safety (ensuring a sufficient food supply for a nation) and the challenge of food sustainability (ensuring there is sufficient energy to produce the food that is needed). The module addresses these challenges. An important starting point is the history and mechanism of food domestication, current practice, and the prospects and challenges for the future. In the practical element of the module, students will develop an energy, cost and productivity audit of different agricultural systems.
FORENSIC ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION II	CHE-2H57	10
Aim: Deepening of understanding of forensic chemistry. Content: Basic crystallography and mineralogy, application of vibrational spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction to materials from fieldwork and other material of forensic interest (eg, fibres and paint). Deepening of knowledge in forensic statistics and interpretation. Teaching and Learning Methods: Lectures, practicals and mentor groups (PBL). To further the discussions in the mentor groups the students will have to research the literature and use the gathered information in the final report concerning the investigation of the supplied questioned material. Learning Outcome: Learn to apply acquired skills and produce a research report.
FOSSIL FUEL	ENV-3A33	20
Geological, economic and political aspects of fossil fuels (oil, natural gas and coal) are introduced. These are used to discuss environmental concerns arising from the use of fossil fuels, and the potentially profound implications of future fuel scarcity. This module is suitable for students taking degrees in the School of Environmental Sciences. Some knowledge of Earth Science will be expected. Before taking this module you must take or be taking at least 20 credits or Earth Science or Geophysics modules at honours level.
FREE SURFACE FLOWS	MTH-3D77	20
Inviscid jets; stability analysis; infinite jet; semi-infinite jet; one-dimensional approximations; viscous jets; similarity solutions and breakup. Drops; satellite droplets. Uniform and nonuniform inviscid liquid sheets; temporal instability, convective/absolute instability. Viscous liquid sheets, waves on liquid sheets. Numerical simulations.
FURTHER COMPUTING SYSTEMS	CMPC2M22	20
Designed for students who have taken CMPC1M01, the module is designed to provide students with: an overview of the organisational, cultural and technical context of current software development, experience of developing software in a web context, and an introduction to the principal architectures of contemporary computing systems. More...
FURTHER MATHEMATICS	CMPC2F01	20
This module is for those students who have passed CMPC1F01 in their first year and would like to study further theory that is a pre-requisite for several other 2nd and 3rd level modules in CMP. For such students it provides an introduction to the mathematics of counting and arrangements, a further development of the theory and practice of calculus, an introduction to linear algebra and its computing applications and a further development of the principles and computing applications of probability theory. More...
GALOIS THEORY	MTH-3E21	20
The module leads to a proof of the insolubility of quintic equations. Amongst the topics covered are field extensions, normality and separability. The Galois correspondence and Galois groups. The existence and uniqueness of finite fields and transcendence.
GENETICS	BIO-2B17	20
This module will describe the basis of heredity, describing both the functions and the structures of genes and whole genomes. Examples will be taken from bacterial, animal and plant systems and will be considered from both functional and molecular points of view. The influence of the "new genetics" on medicine, agriculture and society will also be covered. Practical work will involve a molecular genetic analysis of a symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing bacterium and a molecular mapping exercise of traits that confer disease resistance in plants. It is strongly recommended that students taking this module should also take BIO-2B02 (Molecular Biology).
GENOMES, GENES AND GENOMICS	BIO-3C41	20
This module will provide a description of contemporary biological studies of genomes. There will be a focus on a molecular understanding of gene expression within organisms, with a particular emphasis on regulatory processes that affect expression at the genome level. Topics to be covered include comparative and functional genomics, organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, global regulation of genome expression and mechanisms involved in maintaining genome integrity. Lectures and the associated practical will also provide a thorough grounding in technologies that analyse genomes and their gene products.
GEODYNAMICS: EARTH'S ENGINE	ENV-2A43	20
Processes in the Earth’s interior have exerted a profound influence on all aspects of the Earth’s system through geological time. This module is designed to explore all aspects of those processes from the creation and destruction of tectonic plates to the structure of the Earth’s interior and the distribution and dissipation of energy within it. This will include: the theory and mechanisms of plate tectonics, the heat distribution of the Earth’s interior, the generation of magma and volcanism; the mechanisms behind earthquakes and distribution of seismic energy. The geological record of this activity, its evolution and impacts on the Earth will also be discussed.
GEOSCIENCES FIELDCOURSE	ENV-3A57K	20
This module is designed to promote a deeper understanding and integration of geoscience subjects: the fieldwork will usually concentrate on aspects of structural geology, regional tectonics, hydrogeology, sedimentology, palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironments, metamorphic geology and volcanology. A key feature of the course is that the location is chosen where there are excellent and substantial exposures of rock formation showing evidence of processes. The field base alternates between the Aegean (Greece) and Western Ireland, and the detailed content will reflect the field sites.
GIS SKILLS FOR DISSERTATIONS	ENV-2A94	10
This module focuses on the practical use of GIS for dissertations. After an introductory ‘refresher’ of GIS basics it will review the different techniques that can be used to create and edit data in a GIS, as well as existing digital databases from which map data can be extracted and downloaded. Particular attention will be given to Ordnance Survey mapping for the UK, but other international resources will also be discussed. The module will emphasise issues of error and uncertainty as they apply to spatial data and introduce the use of the ArcGIS ModelBuilder as a way of documenting and efficiently repeating more complex analysis procedures. Assessment will be through a small group project involving the download, integration, analysis and display of spatial data. Taught in the second half of the semester.
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE	ENV-3A20	20
An exploration of both the scientific causes of global environmental change and the integrative and complex nature of the societal response to such changes. An examination of attempts to predict future trends in the global environmental over the next few centuries. Topics covered include climate change, the carbon cycle, global pollution, and sea level rise. Group projects will tackle multi-disciplinary topics within these areas, using research literature and by interaction with researchers currently in these fields.
GRAPH THEORY	MTH-3E23	20
Graphs are among the simplest mathematical structures: sets of points which may or may not be linked by edges. Not surprisingly such structures are fundamental in many parts of science. We give a thorough introduction to the topological, combinatorial and algebraic properties of graphs.
GRAPHICS I	CMPC2G04	20
This module covers the basics of computer graphics for all computer scientists and concentrates on two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphics fundamentals. It puts an emphasis on 2D graphics, algorithms, interaction and OpenGL. Other topics covered include fonts, algorithms for line drawing, curves, clipping and colour. Ability to program is a pre-requisite. An introduction to C++ will be presented as part of the module. More...
GRAPHICS II	CMPC3G91	20
This module introduces the fundamentals of 3D transformations and viewing using OpenGL. It teaches the theory and implementation of fundamental visibility determination algorithms and techniques for lighting, shading and anti-aliasing. Issues involved with modern high performance graphics processor are also considered. More...
HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS	MTH-3D71	20
Origins of Counting and Mathematical thinking, the uses and devices of Mathematics in early civilisations. Mathematics as pillar of Greek culture, philosophy and science with particular reference to work of Euclid, Archimedes and Apollonius. The decline of Mathematics in the Dark and Middle Ages with reawakening of interest in Europe through applications in Astronomy, Navigation, Art and Commerce. The Scientific Revolution, the work of Isaac Newton, the conceptual development and logical formulation of the Calculus. The postmodern approach to Algebra and Geometry in the early 19th Century, the concept of Relativity. Students will need some mathematical knowledge to attempt the module.
HOST-PARASITE INTERACTIONS	BIO-3C47	20
The object of the module is to examine, from a evolutionary and ecological perspective, the complex interactions between parasites/diseases and their hosts and to show how the selection pressures that each side of these interactions impose lead to coevolutionary processes. We will take an overview of the role that such parasitic interactions may have played in the development of key biological traits, such as the evolution of sexual reproduction, and their current role in sexual selection. The module will include traditional parasitology (to set the scene and understand the complexity of the interactions), introducing the major groups of parasites and their hosts. We will examine the role of parasites and host-parasite interactions in evolution, drawing examples from conservation, behaviour, current research, theoretical predictions and models.
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY	BIO-2B05	20
The major emphasis of this unit is on the mechanisms that regulate human body organ systems and their interplay. Considerable attention is directed to cell physiology, which serves as the basis for body functions. In particular, the nervous, muscle, sense organ, renal, cardiac, respiratory, circulatory, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and reproductive systems are dealt with in detail. Practical work involves physiological experiments on these systems and histopathology of some tissues. (CHE-1C24 IS AN ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATIVE TO BIO-1A58 AS A PREREQUISITE).
HYDROLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY	ENV-2A65	20
An introduction to hydrology and hydrogeology: the basic equations describing fluid movement in groundwater systems will be derived and applied. The main techniques to investigate groundwater flow systems are highlighted. Water circulation within river catchments is discussed by means of the catchment water balance. The physical process represented by each component of the water balance will be covered as well as the current methods of quantifying these fluxes of water within the catchment . Principles of catchment modelling are outlined.
Human Geography of Climate Change	ENV-3A40	20
This module builds on, and complements, the Year 2 module Climate Change: history, economics and governance, but focuses on sociological, psychological and cultural approaches to understanding climate change in society. Climate change risks and opportunities are perceived very differently within and between societies and this module will explore some of the reasons for this, including issues such as cultural cognition of risk, climate change ethics, science controversies and climate contrarianism. The module will also consider how climate change is represented in the media through language, metaphor and image, practices which shape public and policy discourse around climate change. In recent years, the creative arts have engaged the idea of climate change through the imagination – in film, fiction and visual form. Some of this work will be introduced and analysed in terms of communication, engagement and human values. Students will have a chance to explore some of these aspects through mini-projects which will be discussed in class seminars.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY	BIO-3C28	20
This module aims to provide a detailed coverage of the biology of selected infectious microorganisms, in the context of host responses to pathogens. The properties of organs, cells and molecules of the immune system are described, along with the mechanism of antibody diversity generation, and the exploitation of the immune response for vaccine development. Examples of microbiological pathogens are used to illustrate major virulence strategies. The impact of genomics on the study of infection, and on mechanisms used by pathogens to evade host responses will be discussed. The unit's theme is the molecular and cellular biology events at the host-pathogen interface.
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL	CMPC3M03	20
The module explores the development of Information Retrieval technologies, which have been driven by large increases in on-line documents and the Internet search engines. The main topics covered include information retrieval models and architecture, Web-based retrieval, multimedia retrieval, common NLP techniques and their role in IR. Previous experience of a high level programming language is required, and either CMPS2B23 or CMPS2B26 are desirable pre-requisites. More...
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY	CHE-2C32	20
The central theme of the module is the chemistry of the p and d block elements: structure and bonding, coordination complexes and the organometallic chemistry of main group and transition metals. The module includes laboratory work. Students are required to have taken one of the laboratory module CHE-1C0Y, CHE-1E0Y or CHE-1H0Y as well as CHE-1C3Y before taking this module.
INORGANIC COMPOUNDS: STRUCTURE & FUNCTION	CHE-3C32	20
This module concentrates on two important themes in contemporary inorganic chemistry: transition metal clusters and homogeneous catalysis. The structure and bonding in these compounds will be discussed as well as applications in materials chemistry and synthesis. There will also be a series of workshops on the subjects presented.
INSTRUMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY	CHE-2F52	20
The module covers the theory and practical application of instrumentation and techniques for chemical analysis. Atomic and molecular spectroscopy, electroanalytical chemistry and chromatography are the important instrumental techniques included. The module includes laboratory work. Students are required to have taken one of the laboratory modules CHE-1C0Y, CHE-1H0Y or CHE-1E0Y in addition to the PP/PS modules above, before taking this module.
INTERACTIONS AND POPULATIONS	ENV-2A35	20
Ecology can be defined as the scientific study of how organisms interact with each other and their physical environment. In this module we will look closely at how interactions between individuals determine the structure and functioning of populations. We will start by considering antagonistic interactions between members of different trophic levels, their evolution and the possible coevolution. The nature of these interactions will be analysed by examining the rules that determine how animals behave while foraging, including evolution of optimal foraging strategies in relation to both diet width and patchy environments. Consideration of competition will lead into the population consequences of both within trophic level and between trophic level interactions. We will examine basic concepts of population ecology- age structure, limits to growth, time delays and density dependence illustrated using simple models and case studies of plant and animal populations set within an evolutionary context. We will move on to consider the role of mutualistic interactions in dispersal processes and spatially explicit population processes including the effect of landscape structure on population dynamics, metapopulation dynamics, ecological mechanisms (dispersal, predation) and community structure. A-level Biology is an acceptable alternative pre-requisite for this module. Please note: you cannot take this module if you have already taken ENV-2A03, BIO-2B03 or ENV-2A28.
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY	CMPC2B06	20
Computational biology is one of the great growth areas of both computing sciences and biology due to the development of robotic systems that are able churn out vast amounts of biological data. The challenge computational biologists' face involves turning this data into understanding. This data is often in the form of DNA, RNA or protein sequence. Although an introduction to the basics of molecular biology will be given, the module will mainly focus on the computational methods used in computational biology and bioinformatics. Topics will include sequence analysis, structural genomics and protein modelling, phylogenetics and evolution, and biological networks. Lecturers will highlight the relevance of the material to cutting-edge research. More...
INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL PHYSICS	SCI-2P19	10
For students not studying this module in their first year. The module gives an overview of the role physics plays in medicine, covering three of the core disciplines of medical physics: Diagnostic and therapeutic radiological physics and medical nuclear physics. As well as a series of lectures, a number of field trips to the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital enables students to gain an insight into routine work and clinical research undertaken by medical physicists.
LOW CARBON ENERGY	ENV-2A82	20
This module will focus on the decarbonisation of energy supply and demand in a carbon constrained world. It will examine the role of energy efficiency and low carbon energy technologies, such as wind energy, solar energy, hydrogen and fuel cells, taking into consideration important current issues and sectors for application. This knowledge is used to support an analysis of future energy supply and demand that includes management, policy and technical aspects. This version of the module is assessed by coursework and an exam.
LOW CARBON ENERGY WITH FIELDCOURSE	ENV-2A82K	20
This module will focus on the decarbonisation of energy supply and demand in a carbon constrained world. It will examine the role of energy efficiency and low carbon energy technologies, such as wind energy, solar energy, hydrogen and fuel cells, taking into consideration important current issues and sectors for application. This knowledge is used to support an analysis of future energy supply and demand that includes management, policy and technical aspects. This version of the module, which includes a one week field course that will take place at Easter, is assessed by coursework and fieldwork projects. There is no exam.
MACHINE LEARNING	CMPC3A01	20
This module covers the core topics that dominate machine learning research: classification, clustering and reinforcement learning. We describe a variety of classification algorithms (e.g. Neural Networks, Decision Trees and Learning Classifier Systems) and clustering algorithms (e.g. k-NN, PAM and BIRCH) and discuss the practical implications of their application to real world problems. We then introduce a range of popular techniques used in reinforcement learning and describe their application to control problems such as maze solving. The module will adopt a practical approach by considering a number of case studies drawn from current research being conducted in CMP in the fields of data mining, computer vision and speech processing. More...
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING	MTH-2G47	10
BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE MTH-1C27 OR MTH-1B2Y This module will look at techniques of mathematical modelling, examining how mathematics can be applied to a variety of real problems and give insight in various areas. The topics will include approximation and non-dimensionalising, and discussion of how a mathematical model is created. We will then apply this theory to a variety of models such as traffic flow as well as examples of problems arising in industry.
MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENTISTS III	ENV-2A21	20
This module contains mathematical techniques applicable to a wide range of ENV modules. Among topics covered: matrix algebra, linear equations and eigenvectors, numerical methods, vector fields, Maple programming and complex variables.
MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENTISTS IV	ENV-2A22	20
This module shows how mathematics can be applied to the environment. Topics include: fluid dynamics, partial differential equations, waves, Fourier analysis, applications of solid mechanics to geophysics, including stress, strain and elasticity.
MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY	CHE-2F8Y	20
This module is concerned with the broad aspects of medicinal chemistry, from the discovery of lead compounds and the recognition of biological activity, to the production of pharmaceuticals. Biological activity is discussed in terms of metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and structure-activity relationships (SAR). Drug targets and their exploitation in drug therapies are also discussed. The medicinal chemistry content of this module contains aspects of both chemistry and biology. Therefore the course is started with a series of chemistry 'introductory' seminars relevant to BIO students and a series of biology seminars are provided containing underlying principles relevant to CHEM students.
METEOROLOGY I	ENV-2A23	20
Coursework does not include fieldwork. See ENVF2A23. This module is designed to give a general introduction to meteorology, concentrating on the physical processes in the atmosphere and how these influence our weather. The module contains both descriptive and mathematical treatments of Radiation Balance, The General Circulation, Thermodynamics and Dynamics and the assessment is designed to allow those with either mathematical or descriptive abilities to do well; however a reasonable mathematical competence is essential.
METEOROLOGY II	ENV-2A24	20
This module will build upon the material covered in ENV-2A23 (Meteorology I) covering topics such as synoptic meteorology, micro-scale processes, the General Circulation and weather forecasting.
METEOROLOGY II WITH FIELDCOURSE	ENV-2A24K	20
This module will build upon material covered in ENV-2A23 (Meteorology I) covering topics such as synoptic meteorology, micro-scale processes, the General Circulation and weather forecasting. The module also includes a week long Easter vacation residential fieldcourse, based in the Lake District, focusing on micrometeorology, microclimate and synoptic processes.
MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY	BIO-3C09	20
Lectures cover various aspects of applied microbiology, focusing on microorganisms as sources of products. Specific topics are: batch and continuous culture of microorganisms, fermenter design, production of small molecules, metabolic engineering, protein secretion, fermentations for food, fungal biotechnology, antibiotic synthesis, biopolymers. A practical class and problems-based exercise introduce the principles and applications of different culture methods.
MICROBIAL CELL BIOLOGY	BIO-3C10	20
This unit describes how molecular genetics can analyse the microbial world. The power of genomics and post-genomics in revolutionising our understanding of bacterial diversity, physiology and other specialised properties will be highlighted. The ways in which bacteria, such as Caulobacter, Streptomyces and Bacillus form complex structures will be described in terms of complex cascades of gene regulation. The Unit also deals with bacterial response to stress and with prokaryotic behaviour, including chemotaxis, communication between cells and communication between bacteria and eukaryotes.
MICROBIOLOGY	BIO-2B28	20
A broad module covering all aspects of the biology of microorganisms, providing key knowledge for specialist Level 3 modules. Detailed description is given about the cell biology of bacteria, fungi and protists together with microbial physiology, genetics and environmental and applied microbiology. The biology of disease-causing microorganisms (bacteria, viruses) and prions is also covered. Practical work provides hands-on experience of important microbiological techniques, and expands on concepts introduced in lectures. The module should appeal to biology students across a wide range of disciplines and interests.
MODELLING ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES	ENV-3A11	20
The aim of the module is to show how geophysical problems may be solved from the initial problem, to mathematical formulation and numerical solution. Problems will be described conceptually, then defined mathematically, then solved numerically via computer programming. The module consists of lectures on numerical methods and computing practicals (Matlab): the practicals being designed to illustrate the solution of problems using the methods covered in lectures. The module will guide students through the solution of a geophysical problem of their own choosing. The problem will be discussed and placed into context through an essay, and then solved and written up in a project report.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT	BIO-3C39	20
The aim of this unit is to provide a thorough understanding of the concepts and principles of developmental biology from bacteria through to vertebrates. Special emphasis will be placed on vertebrate developmental biology and where applicable this will be compared to human development. Students will gain an understanding of the molecular basis of pattern formation and morphogenetic events during embryogenesis.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY	BIO-2B02	20
The module provides an introduction to the principles of molecular biology. The programme starts with the structure of DNA, genes and genomes, followed by characterisation of the information flow including the mechanisms and regulation of transcription and translation. Protein folding, modification and turnover are described together with reactions concerning DNA (replication, recombination and repair). The module ends with a detailed description of methods used for the experimental manipulation of genetic material (gene isolation, DNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction, molecular cloning, transgenic plants and animals and global functional genomics).
MOLECULAR ENZYMOLOGY	BIO-3C01	20
The unit sets out to explain the molecular basis of the often complex catalytic mechanisms of enzymes in biological systems. Covered are the underlying principles of enzyme catalysis and techniques for the study of enzyme mechanism and structure. These provide a foundation for discussions of the mechanisms of specific enzyme families such as the aspartic proteinases (e.g. the HIV-1 proteinase), of enzymes involved in DNA replication and ATP synthesis. Many of the examples presented are of relevance in medicine. An extended practical based on the kinetics of a model enzyme, chymotrypsin, helps underpin concepts learnt in the unit.
MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS	BIO-3C20	20
Host-pathogen interactions are illustrated with examples of the molecular basis for the pathogenicity of viruses, bacteria and fungi towards plants. Emphasis is also given to the molecular recognition of pathogens by plants, to the intracellular signalling pathways that result in expression of plant disease resistance, and to the nature of resistance mechanisms. There is no pre-requisite for this module but knowledge of molecular biology and plant biology are advantages.
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE AND ENERGY LEVELS	CHE-2F4Y	20
Quantum mechanics, one of the key scientific ideas of the 20th century, has had a wide impact in chemistry. In the first part of the module you will be introduced to the language & methods of quantum mechanics. In the second part, the close relation between spectroscopic measurements of small molecules and quantum theory will be discussed. Further methods of spectroscopy will then be introduced, beginning with the most widely used of all techniques in structure determination, NMR spectroscopy. This will be followed by a discussion of molecular electronic spectra and vibrational spectroscopy, both of which are widely used in chemical analysis.
NATURAL PRODUCTS AND DRUGS A	CHE-3H16	10
The module examines examples of biogenesis, chemical synthesis, and biological action, of selected products and pharmaceutical chemicals. The emphasis is on the organic chemistry of these topics, not enzymology and pharmacology. Even though CHE-2F8Y is listed as a Pre-requisite it can be alternatively taken at the same time as this module.
NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS	ENV-3A44	20
Have you ever wondered why human economic activity seems to be so bad for the environment? Does it have to be like that? Is it possible for human beings to enjoy high standards of living and a high quality environment? Through the study of the principles of Environmental Economics this course sets out to answer those questions. Addressing a wide-range of economy-environment problems including car pollution, over-fishing, climate change and declining oil stocks, the course shows that most environmental problems can be solved through the adoption of policies crafted with the careful application of economic reasoning. Co-taught with ENV-MA44.
NETWORKS	CMPC3M06	20
This module introduces the important concepts in data transmission and computer network design, implementation and management. Architectures and protocols for both local and wide-area networks are studied in detail with an emphasis on performance evaluation and real-time use. An emphasis is placed on issues concerned with real-time delivery of data and maintaining quality of service, for example through study of applications such as voice over IP. More...
NUMBER THEORY	MTH-3E56	20
This module will be assessed by 100% examination, but you may also be informally assessed by coursework and/or project. The module will begin with a topic that occupied the ancient Greeks and continues to occupy us today, namely the study of Diophantine equations. After discovering some algebraic techniques to solve these equations, we will proceed to the study of elliptic curves. The viewpoint here is one of combining geometry and algebra to study equations. The course will end with an introduction to the Riemann zeta function and the Riemann hypothesis. The latter is one of the oldest unsolved problems in mathematics, and is worth a million dollars!
OCEAN CIRCULATION	ENV-2A39	20
This module gives you an understanding of the physical processes occurring in the basin-scale ocean environment. We will introduce and discuss large scale global ocean circulation, including gyres, boundary currents and the overturning circulation. Major themes include the interaction between ocean and atmosphere, and the forces which drive ocean circulation. You should be familiar with partial differentiation, integration, handling equations and using calculators. Co-taught with ENV-MA39
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY	CHE-2C11	20
The topics covered in the module include an introduction to organic synthesis, carbon-carbon bond forming reactions, aromaticity, heterocyclic chemistry, and stereochemistry and mechanism. The module includes laboratory work. Students are required to have taken one of the laboratory modules CHE-1C0Y, CHE-1H0Y or CHE-1E0Y as well as CHE-1C1Y before taking this module.
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES	CHE-3C11	20
This unit provides most of the core description of heterocyclic chemistry in the organic chemistry lecture programme in CHE, surveying the synthesis and reactivity of pi-deficient and pi- excessive heterocycles. This level-3 course also continues the discussion of organic synthesis, building on the introduction to carbon-carbon bond forming reactions, synthesis design and retrosynthetic planning presented in earlier years. The course includes an introduction to stereoselective synthesis and transition metal mediated bond-formation procedures - topics which can be taken on further in a level-4 option course.
ORGANIC MOLECULES: REACTIVITY & FUNCTION	CHE-3H13	10
The unit examines the role of the substituents on reactivity of aromatic compounds and its quantification using the Hammett equation. A consideration of organic radicals and organic photochemistry is followed by a discussion of the reactivity of pi electron rich molecules, exploring their reactivity to light and heat through consideration of current approaches such as Frontier Molecular Orbital theory. The use of these and other organic compounds in areas such as optical switches and photochromic devises as discussed.
ORGANISMS AND ENVIRONMENT	BIO-3C45	20
This module examines responses to the individual plants and animals, and their populations, to important aspects of terrestrial and aquatic environments that are determinants of distribution and abundance. It investigates in depth the extent to which physiological, metabolic and morphological responses may confer evolutionary fitness, particularly in extreme environments. Some of the environmental constraints covered act by imposing deficiencies of essential resources or conditions (e.g. water, essential ions, oxygen, carbon, light and temperature), whereas others are the result of toxicity, either natural or resulting from human activity (e.g. metal ions, salinity, acidity and organic industrial pollutants). The module will lead you through more fundamental aspects of ecology to consider their application in seeking to meet the multiple challenges of pollution and climate change.
PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY	ENV-3A58	20
This module investigates the geological evidence for major environmental changes through Earth history. It will explore selected topics that relate to the extent, timing and causes of past variations of climate as expressed through changes in the fossil and geological record. Lectures will draw on information from marine, ice core, terrestrial and lacustrine climate archives. Radiometric dating techniques and geochemical/quantitative methods of palaeoenvironmental reconstruction will be examined in practical classes. The module includes half-day excursions to examine key geological field sites in East Anglia. Co-taught with ENV-MA58. STUDENTS MUST TAKE EITHER ENV-2A30 EARTH SYSTEM GEOCHEMISTRY OR ENV-2A25 SEDIMENTOLOGY PRIOR TO TAKING THIS MODULE
PARTICIPATORY ENVIRONMENTAL DECISION-MAKING	ENV-3A54	20
This module explores the rise of deliberative and participatory approaches to science and decision-making as one of the most significant recent developments in the environmental field. It examines: the theories, rationales and methods of participatory environmental decision-making (PEDM); their application in different institutional, social and geographical contexts; evaluation of participatory process effectiveness; and emerging critiques of participation. There is an emphasis on case studies to address these themes, developing practical as well as theoretical understandings of participatory approaches, and associated skills in facilitating environmental deliberation. Co-taught with ENV-MA54.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY - CHEMICAL PHYSICS	CHE-3H46	10
The module consists of topics covering important areas of modern physical chemistry and chemical physics. The material will blend together experimental and theoretical aspects of condensed phase, isolated molecule and materials chemistry.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY I	CHE-2C2Y	20
The module covers a number of the fundamental areas of physical chemistry which are essential for a proper understanding of the behaviour of chemical systems. These include chemical kinetics, the second law of thermodynamics, thermodynamics and properties of solutions and surface chemistry/catalysis. The module includes laboratory work. Students are required to have taken one of the laboratory modules CHE-1C0Y, CHE-1E0Y or CHE-1H0Y as well as CHE-1C24 before taking this module .
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY II	CHE-3C21	20
The unit covers fundamental material in Physical Chemistry including statistical thermodynamics, plus specialist topics such as lasers and photochemistry, polymers in solution, self-assembly and colloidal systems.
PHYSICS OF MUSIC	SCI-2P15	10
This module explores the physics behind the generation and reception of music. We begin by developing some of the essential physics of wave motion and defining sound measurement terms. This equips us to analyse the physics of stringed instruments (bowed, plucked and struck), woodwind instruments, brass instruments, percussion instruments and the acoustics of singing. We also look at tuning systems, human hearing, and the physics of sound in rooms. Lab-classes include an introduction to MATLAB to enable you to record and analyse the sound of your own instrument, which constitutes the coursework. A-level standard of mathematics is preferred, but anyone without this level who is prepared to work a little to enhance their understanding of mathematics in one or two areas will be able to take this module.
PLANT BIOLOGY	BIO-2B07	20
This unit, which will consist of lectures and practical classes, will provide an appreciation of modern plant biology with an emphasis on development, signalling, and response to the environment. It will encompass genetic, molecular, biochemical and physiological perspectives and provide an understanding of the major aspects of plant cell structure, function and metabolism, including photosynthesis and respiration, an understanding of inter- and intracellular signalling and an understanding of how plants perceive and respond to the physical and biological environments.
POLLUTION, TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY	ENV-3A08	20
Multidisciplinary module about problems of managing pollution, focussing on regional and urban issues, this module will unashamedly shift viewpoint between chemical, legislative, economic, historical and social interpretations of pollution.
POLYMER & MATERIALS CHEMISTRY	CHE-2H11	10
This introductory unit in organic and inorganic materials chemistry describes the synthesis and the mechanism of formation of various types of polymers and macromolecular compounds. Their physical and chemical properties are discussed along with their applications. Under inorganic materials common crystal structures are described and related to the electrical properties. Band theory is introduced to explain electronic conductivity in metals and semiconductors. The module CHE-2H03 offers optional related practical work, and can be taken at the same time if required.
POLYMERS & MATERIALS LABORATORY	CHE-2H03	10
The experiments in this laboratory are project in nature, involving the synthesis and evaluation of inorganic and organic materials. The module is recommended for students taking level 2 core chemistry modules and should preferably be taken with CHE-2H11. Students are required to have taken one of the laboratory modules CHE-1C0Y, CHE-1E0Y or CHE-1H0Y, as well as CHE-1C1Y and CHE-1C3Y, before taking this module.
PROFESSIONAL & PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR SCIENTISTS I	CHE-2H93	10
The unit aims to develop the skills required of professional scientists and valued by employers, which are communication, teamworking and group problem-solving skills. This unit concentrates on teamworking skills.
PROFESSIONAL & PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR SCIENTISTS II	CHE-3H94	10
This module aims to develop the skills required of professional scientists. These skills are highly valued by the Royal Society of Chemistry and employers. Skills developed will include oral and written communication, team working and problem-solving. Exercises will be based in a chemical science context and will include aspects of sustainability, ethics and environmental impact. This module is only available for MChem and MNatsci students.
PROGRAMMING FOR NON-SPECIALISTS	CMPC2X02	20
This module gives an introduction to computer systems and to programming using Java. The module assumes no prior knowledge of programming and is aimed at the non-specialist. This module is an alternative pre-requisite for a number of other second level CMP modules. More...
PROTEIN ENGINEERING	CHE-3H84	10
This unit builds on CHE-3H81 Protein Structure and Chemistry, covering how protein structures can be altered by biological and chemical procedures, and the principles underlying the design of proteins for specific tasks. Examples of engineered proteins designed for particular industrial and medical uses are considered.
PROTEIN STRUCTURE AND CHEMISTRY	CHE-3H81	10
This module provides an introduction to the diversity of protein structure , their properties and to interactions between proteins and metal ions. Lectures cover protein structure, protein electrostatics, stability and folding, molecular modelling, the chemical principles of protein-metal interactions, spectroscopic techniques for studying protein metal centres and techniques used in protein structure determination. The module is taught in the first part of semester one.
QUANTUM MECHANICS	MTH-2G50	10
The motion of very small systems such as atoms does not satisfy the equations of classical mechanics. For example an electron orbiting a nucleus can only have certain discrete energy levels. In quantum mechancis the motion of a particle is described by a wave function which describes the probability of the particle having a certain energy. Topics addressed in this module include: Wave Functions, Schrodinger's Equation, Uncertainty Principle, Wave Scattering, Harmonic Oscillators.
QUANTUM MECHANICS AND SYMMETRY	CHE-2H45	10
Some of the major themes of quantum mechanics are introduced and developed. These include: quantum principles, atomic structure, simple harmonic motion, angular momentum, symmetry, simple molecular orbital theory and approximation methods.
SCIENCE COMMUNICATION	BIO-3C6Y	20
This module aims to bring an understanding of how science is disseminated to the public. Students on the module will be made aware of the theories surrounding learning and communication. They will investigate science as a culture and how this culture interfaces with the public. Students will examine case studies in a variety of different scientific areas. They will look at how information is released in scientific literature and how this is subsequently picked up by the public press. They will gain an appreciation of how science information can be used to change public perception and how it can sometimes be misinterpreted. Students will also learn practical skills by designing, running and evaluating a public outreach event at a school or in a public area. OPEN TO ALL STUDENTS REGISTERED IN THE SCIENCE FACULTY.
SEDIMENTOLOGY	ENV-2A25	20
Understanding modern and ancient depositional environments: their processes and products. Economic and environmental aspects of sediments.
SET THEORY	MTH-3E18	20
Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. The Axiom of Choice and equivalents. Cardinality, countability, and uncountability. Trees, Combinatorial set theory.
SOCIAL EVOLUTION	BIO-3C38	20
Life is organised hierarchically. Genes aggregate in cells, cells aggregate in organisms, and organisms aggregate in societies. Recent developments in evolutionary biology have defined each step in the formation of this hierarchy as representing a major evolutionary transition in which a new type of individuality has arisen. Common principles of social evolution underlie evolution at each step in the hierarchy. Hence, the study of the evolution of altruism and cooperation has broadened out from the study of animal societies alone, and now embraces the fundamental hierarchical structure common to all life. This module will investigate this new vision of social evolution. It will consider which principles of social evolution underlie each hierarchical step and show how applying this approach illuminates our understanding of life's diversity and organisation, with examples ranging from intracellular selfish genetic elements to societies of insects and mammals.
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING II	CMPC3M08	20
Using data-centric software engineering principles, this module explores the development of distributed, industrial-strength information systems for Web-based implementations. Topics include dynamic object-oriented system design, the use of persistent objects with Relational databases, business models, business objects, and the practical design and implementation for an architecture n-tier, server-based, systems environment. The use of these techniques, for both e-Commerce and other systems, will be discussed. Coursework will concentrate on the practical use of Java Enterprise Edition version 5 (Java EE 5)-based techniques. Confidence in Java programming language skills and knowledge of Java SE 5 enhancements are pre-requisites. More...
SOIL PROCESSES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES	ENV-2A27	20
This module will combine lectures, practicals, seminars and fieldwork to provide students with an appreciation of the soil environment and the processes that occurs within it. The module will progress through: basic soil components/properties; soil identification and classification; soil as a habitat; soil organisms; soil functions; the agricultural environment; soil-organism-agrochemical interaction; soil contamination; soil and climate change.
SOLID EARTH GEOPHYSICS	ENV-2A12	20
What lies beneath our feet? This module addresses this question by exploring how waves, rays and the various physical techniques are used in geophysics to image the subsurface on scales of metres to kilometres . The basic theory and interpretation methods of seismic, electrical and gravity and magnetic surveys are studied. A wide range of applications is covered including archaeological geophysics, energy resources and geohazards. Students doing this module are normally expected to have a good mathematical ability, notably in calculus and algebra before taking this module (ENV-1A61 Mathematics for Scientists I, ENV-1A62 Mathematics for Scientists II or equivalent).
SOLID EARTH GEOPHYSICS WITH FIELDCOURSE	ENV-2A12K	20
What lies beneath our feet? This module addresses this question by exploring how waves, rays and the various physical techniques are used in geophysics to image the subsurface on scales of meters to kilometres. The basic theory and interpretation methods of seismic, electrical and gravity and magnetic surveys are studied. A wide range of applications is covered including archaeological geophysics, energy resources and geohazards. The fieldcourse provides "hands-on" experience of the various techniques and applications, adding on valuable practical skills. This module is highly valued by employers in industry; guest industrial lecturers will cover the current 'state-of-the-art' applications in real world situations. Students doing this module are normally expected to have a good mathematical ability, notably in calculus and algebra before taking this module (ENV-1A61 Mathematics for Scientists I, ENV-1A62 Mathematics for Scientists II or equivalent).
SOUND AND IMAGE I	CMPE2I06	20
There has recently been a huge growth in the power and sophistication of tools that enable people to manipulate images and sounds on computers, and the techniques underlying these tools are also key for the development of artificial intelligence. In this module, we study the nature of audio and video signals from devices such as cameras and microphones and how they are captured and represented on a computer. This includes the coverage of essential ideas of topics such as sampling, time, spatial and frequency domains, filtering, Fourier representation etc. and practical work (using MATLAB) on processing sounds and images to e.g. produce effects, extract information from, or recognize a sound or an image. More...
SOUND AND IMAGE II	CMPE3I07	20
This module continues the exploration of computer processing of sound and image signals begun in Sound and Image I. In the “sound” component, we focus on speech processing, a technology that has already had a huge impact and holds great promise for the future. We cover: 1) speech-coding, which enables us to understand how one of the most significant technologies of recent times (the mobile telephone) is able to transmit speech at a low data-rate; 2) speech recognition, which is now becoming commonplace in interactive voice systems; and 3) speech synthesis. In the “image” component, we focus on the analysis of image signals and learn how to apply advanced filtering and enhancement techniques to images to restore them, and the basics of computer vision systems. These concepts are re-enforced with practical coursework, which gives students hands-on experience of processing audio and video signals. More...
STATISTICAL MECHANICS	MTH-3E64	20
In principle, the laws of classical and quantum mechanics provide a complete description to allow us to predict the microscopic state of a system. However, for a large class of systems consisting of many degrees of freedom (e.g. molecules in a gas), it is completely impractical nor even necessary to adopt such a detailed description. Rather, it is typically sufficient to seek a macroscopic formulation that is related to the microscopic properties of the problem. This is what we commonly do, for example, when modelling the dynamics of fluids as functions of the macroscopic variables such as pressure, temperature, and density. The course will begin by using very elementary concepts of probability theory to derive macroscopic thermodynamic properties such as temperature from the microscopic properties of individual atoms or molecules. At very low temperatures, quantum effects begin to play an important role. By extending our analysis to such systems, we are able to predict the existence of a new state of matter known as a Bose-Einstein condensate which was first produced in the Laboratory as recently as 1995. The tools of statistical mechanics are useful in many branches of applied mathematics. While the module is self-contained, it is strongly recommended that students also take MTH-2G50 which will reinforce a number of the concepts used here.
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS	CMPC2B05	20
This module considers various activities associated with the development of all types of computer based information systems including project management, feasibility, investigation, analysis, logical and physical design, and the links to file design, software design, and user interface design. It makes use of a number of analysis and design tools and techniques in order to produce readable system specifications. Students are introduced to a number of development methods including structured, object oriented, soft systems, participative, iterative and rapid approaches. More...
SYSTEMS ENGINEERING	CMPC3B10	20
This module draws together a wide range of material and considers it in the context of developing modern large-scale computer systems. Topics such as Outsourcing, Process Improvement, System Failure, Project Management, Configuration Management, Maintainability, Legacy Systems and Re-engineering, Acceptance and Performance Testing, Metrics and Human Factors are covered in this module. The module is supported by a series of industrial case studies and includes speakers from industry. More...
THE CARBON CYCLE AND CLIMATE CHANGE	ENV-3A31	20
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the greenhouse gas which has, by far, the greatest impact on climate change. CO2 is becoming even more important owing to continued fossil fuel emissions and its very long lifetime in the atmosphere. Predicting future climate or defining ‘dangerous’ climate change is challenging, in large part because the Earth’s carbon cycle is very complex and not fully understood. You will learn about the atmospheric, oceanic and terrestrial components of the carbon cycle, how they interact with each other, and how they interact with climate in so-called ‘feedbacks’. The understanding of the carbon cycle gained from this module is a vital foundation for all climate change research. Emphasis is given to the most recent, cutting-edge research in the field. Co-taught with ENV-MA31.
THE COMPUTING REVOLUTION	CMPC2F05	20
The module is designed to provide students with an overview of the history of computing, the current state-of-the-art in a number of areas, and an insight into likely developments. Students consider social and ethical implications of use of computing technology along with security and safety of computing systems. Research techniques, report writing and team skills are developed. More...
THEORETICAL COMPUTING	CMPC2F02	20
A required module for Computer Science students starting after 2007, this module provides an introduction to computing theory with an emphasis on its application within software development. Topics covered include syntax and semantic models, prepositional and predicate calculus and formal correctness proofs. More...
THEORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT	ENV-3A63	20
Environmental assessment is a term used to describe procedures for evaluating the potential environmental consequences of policies, programmes, plans and projects. It is a well established tool for environmental policy integration, being routinely employed in more than 100 nations and by many international aid and funding agencies. This multidisciplinary module focuses on the theory and methods of environmental assessment and the decision-making contexts in which they are employed. It explains the procedural stages of, and selected methodologies for, environmental assessment and provides practical experience in applying them. Co-taught with ENV-MA63.

Free Choice Study (20 credits)

Students will select modules worth 20 credits from the course catalogue with the approval of their School

Students must complete 100 credits in each of their two subjects by the end of Year 4. The Dissertation can count as 30 credits towards each major subject or 60 credits towards one major subject, depending on the topic chosen. In Year 4 students are required to take 120 credits at M-level.

Compulsory Study (60 credits)

Students must study the following modules for 60 credits:

Name	Code	Credits
MASTERS LEVEL NATURAL SCIENCES PROJECT	SCI-MN0Y	60
This individual research module is compulsory for all students registered on the MNatSci degree programme. It comprises supervised research in at least one area of science. It may involve research partners across the Norwich Research Park. The project can involve collection of data in the laboratory or in the field, and/or development of a piece of equipment, and/or development of software or a theoretical/numerical model, and/or analysis of pre-existing data from a variety of sources. It must include independent scientific analysis. It will be assessed by a written report of no more than 10,000 words, which comprises 70% of the mark; a presentation, which consists of 20% of the mark; and a blog, which consists of 10% of the mark.

Option A Study (60 credits)

Students will select 60 credits from the following modules:

Name	Code	Credits
ADVANCED CELL BIOLOGY	BIO-MC18	20
This module is concerned with the structure and function of cells and it has a strong emphasis on experimental methodologies used to study cell dynamics. Topics to be covered include: DNA cloning and gene expression, cell proliferation and growth factors, cell communication and signalling, cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix, cell junctions and tissue formation, wound healing and cell differentiation. The module also includes three demonstrations in current techniques used to study cells and there will be an opportunity for students to ask questions on aspects of cell biology during review sessions.
ADVANCED CHEMISTRY AND FORENSIC TOPICS	CHE-MF15	20
This 20 credit module is compulsory for all final year M level students on U1FF41401 Forensic & Investigative Chemistry. It is classed as a taught postgraduate module: this implies that it can be flexible in some aspects of assessment and aims to present material that is not necessarily covered in standard textbooks. The lectures will cover (i) organic synthesis and asymmetric catalysis, (ii) forensic topics and (iii) advanced spectroscopy. The module follows on from the respective 3rd year modules. Teaching support of the module is provided in the form of a number of compulsory, formative pieces of coursework which may include an element of peer assessment. This will include a synoptic element in the form of oral student presentations on selected year 1 and year 2 revision topics.
ADVANCED ORGANIC AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY	CHE-MF13	20
Before taking this module, CHE-3C11 must have been taken, as well as ONE of CHE-2F7Y, CHE-2F4Y or CHE-2C2Y. Equivalent learning outcomes while in industrial placements or abroad are also acceptable. This module provides advanced level coverage of organic chemistry, with emphasis on spectroscopic methods for structure determination and synthesis of natural products, and biological chemistry, with emphasis on the use of x-ray, spectroscopic and theoretical methods as research tools.
ADVANCED PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES	CMPSMC31	20
This module aims to extend your programming skills to new limits. Aside improving your skills by looking at advanced techniques such as multithreading, memory management, dynamic link libraries, exception handling and parallel programming using recent techniques such as the OpenCL and CUDA API's, the module will also cover popular concepts such as extreme programming and agile software development. More...
ADVANCED TOPICS CHEMISTRY 1	CHE-MF11	20
This module is compulsory for all final year M-level students. It provides M-level coverage in selected topics of organic, inorganic and physical chemistry. Students are required to have taken CHE-3C11, or CHE-3C21 and CHE-3C32, or CHE-3ICY or CHE-3A0Y.
ADVANCED TOPICS CHEMISTRY 2	CHE-MF22	20
This module is compulsory for all final year M-level students. It provides M-level coverage in selected topics of biological chemistry, bioanalytical chemistry and nanoscale chemistry. In addition this module contains an element of revision of material taught in years 1-3. Students are required to have taken CHE-3C11, CHE-3C21 and CHE-3C32, or CHE-3ICY or CHE-3A0Y.
AGRI-FOOD IN ACTION	BIO-M15Y	20
This module is compulsory and restricted to students on the MSc in Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security. During this module students will visit a range of farms, food-production companies, and research institutes. To maximise benefit from these visits, students will develop a reflective portfolio that records each visit through a variety of media, which may include a narrative, brochures, diagrams, maps, photographs etc. Students will develop an understanding of traditional and contemporary agricultural practices and several of the visits will increase understanding of the operation of selected food manufacturing and production organizations.
APPLICATIONS PROGRAMMING	CMPSMA23	20
This module aims to establish a clear understanding of the Object Oriented Programming paradigm, including Encapsulation, Inheritance and Polymorphism. Simple data structures will be considered and classes will be indentified as vehicles for implementing abstract data types. The benefits of modular software design will be emphasised and the Unified Modelling Language (UML) will be introduced as a design tool for large software systems. Topics include: Data structures, programming, and program design. More...
APPLIED STATISTICS	CMPSMC28	20
This is an applied statistics module designed to give Masters students the opportunity to apply statistical methods in realistic situations. While no advanced knowledge of probability and statistics is required, we expect students to have done some background in probability and statistics before taking this course. The aim is to cover 4 topics from a list including: Estimating population abundance; Extremes and quantiles; Linear models; Bootstrap methods and their application; Sample surveys; Simulations; Subjective statistics (MCMC); Forecasing; and Clustering methods. If there is a demand for a specific topic we will always consider providing a project in that area if possible. The assessment will be by coursework. More...
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ALGORITHMICS	CMPSMA24	20
This module introduces the student to core techniques in Artificial Intelligence and some topics in algorithmics. Topics to be covered include state space, search techniques, algorithmic paradigms, NP-completeness, metaheuristics, logic and knowledge representation and expert systems. More...
ASYMPTOTIC ANALYSIS WITH ADVANCED TOPICS	MTH-ME37	20
This 20 credit module provides introduction to asymptotic analysis of algebraic equations, ordinary and partial differential equations and integrals. Asymptotic analysis is an important tool in almost all branches of science and engineering. This analysis provides useful but approximate solutions and formulae with an accuracy which is well understood and controllable. The course covers asymptotic expansions, divergent asymptotic series, local approximations, regular and singular perturbations of solutions, asymptotic formulae, Laplace and Fourier integrals, method of strained coordinates, method of multiple scales, matched asymptotic expansions, matching rules. Advanced topic: Hydrodynamic models, Asymptotic analysis of fluid flows.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND GLOBAL CHANGE	ENV-MA37	20
Atmospheric chemistry is in the news: stratospheric ozone depletion, acid rain, greenhouse gases, and global scale air pollution are seen as some of the most significant environmental problems of our age. Chemical composition and transformations underlie these issues, and drive many important atmospheric processes. This module covers the fundamental chemical principles and underlying physical processes in the atmosphere from the stratosphere to the surface, and considers the role of chemistry in current issues of atmospheric chemical change through a series of lectures, seminars, laboratory sessions and some field work. A secure background in maths and chemistry (e.g. AS-level or equivalent) is recommended. ENV-MA80 and ENV-MA02 are natural follow-on modules, and build on some of the concepts introduced here.
ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION: MEASUREMENT AND MODELLING	ENV-MA80	20
Emissions of gases and other pollutants from human activities are critical drivers of phenomena such as climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, degradation of air quality in urban and rural areas, long-range transport of air pollution, and changes in aerosol and cloud physical properties. To understand these impacts it is necessary to make atmospheric measurements of chemical composition and physical parameters, and to interpret these observations with a range of statistical, conceptual, and computer-based models. In this module you will be introduced to a range of modern atmospheric measurements techniques, both those used in the field and in the laboratory. Consideration will be given to the relevant chemical and physical processes that are required to understand these observations. You will also learn about a range of interpretive techniques including numerical models, and you will put some of these in to practice. Co-taught with ENV-3A80. It is recommended that students have previously taken ENV-MA37. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A80 OR EQUIVALENT
AUDIO AND VISUAL PROCESSING	CMPSMI05	20
This module examines computer processing of audio and visual signals. The theoretical basis of analysis and processing of digital signals is explored in depth. This is then applied to the design of systems to achieve certain effects on signals representing audio and visual data. This also enables us to understand how one of the most significant technologies of recent times, the mobile telephone, is able to transmit speech at a low data-rate (speech coding). Other application areas to be covered include speech recognition and synthesis, image coding and audio-visual processing, including audio-visual synthesis (talking heads) and recognition (speech-recognition augmented by lip-reading). This module assumes that students have studied sound/image/signal processing to at least level 2 at undergraduate level. More...
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND HUMAN SOCIETY	ENV-MA17	20
This is an inter-disciplinary module focusing on the interaction between ecology, biodiversity and human societies. It examines the human drivers of biodiversity loss, the importance of biodiversity to human society, conflicts between human society and conservation and how these can be resolved, and institutions for biodiversity conservation and environmental management. It is designed for students of Biology, Ecology, Environmental Science, Environmental Geography and International Development. This inter-disciplinary module does not require previous detailed knowledge of ecological mechanisms: where a simple understanding of key ecological processes is important, this will be reviewed and taught in class. Key principles, issues and theory are covered in lectures by UEA faculty. These are supported by case studies from external speakers working in conservation, environmental and resource management agencies and NGOs. The module will comprise two core lectures plus one workshop / seminar / outside speaker each week. Co-taught with ENV-3A17. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A17 OR EQUIVALENT
BIOFUEL, BIOREMEDIATION AND BIOPRODUCTS	BIO-M103	20
This is a compulsory and restricted module for MSc in Biotechnology for a Sustainable Future. Biofuel is any fuel that is derived from biomass. Much research is currently in progress into the utilization of bacterial fermentation products of plant materials or the production of microalgae as an energy source, with applications being developed for biodiesel, ethanol, methanol, methane and hydrogen. Bioremediation is the use of biology to remediate environments of pollutants such as toxic heavy metals or petroleum derived contaminants. In this module the potential for success will be illustrated by several case histories. These will include wastewater treatment and comparisons of the use of engineered organisms with the simulation of the natural microbial community through nutrient addition. Bioplastics are plastics manufactured using biopolymers produced by plants or bacteria. They are the main components in creating a sustainable plastics industry as they reduce the dependence on non-renewable fossil fuels, and are easily biodegradable.
CATCHMENT WATER RESOURCES	ENV-MA60	20
This module will adopt an integrated approach to studying surface water and groundwater resources in river basins. Approaches to catchment management will be considered in the context of improving water-dependent terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Topics of climate change impacts on water resources in terms of droughts and floods, as well as water quality issues arising from changing land-use patterns will be considered, together with the engineering and socio-economic methods necessary to adapt to future pressures on water resources. Co-taught with ENV-3A60. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A60 OR EQUIVALENT
CLIMATE CHANGE: PHYSICAL SCIENCE BASIS	ENV-MA49	20
Climate change and variability has played a major role in shaping human history and the prospect of a warming world as a result of human activities (global warming) presents society with an increasing challenge over the coming decades. This module covers the science of climate change and our current understanding of anthropogenic effects on climate. It provides details about the approaches, methods and techniques for understanding the history of climate change and for developing climate projections for the next 100 years, supporting further study of the scientific or policy aspects of the subject in either an academic or applied context. Co-taught with ENV-3A49. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A49 OR EQUIVALENT
COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS	CMPSMA17	20
This module covers modern statistical methodology and focuses on statistical inference using computer intensive methods. We shall aim at understanding computer techniques which require innovative algorithms to implement inference. More...
COMPUTER GAMES DEVELOPMENT	CMPSME27	20
This module covers 2D Animation and 3D Computer Animation, Special Effects, Virtual Reality (VR) Systems including Virtual Environments, VR hardware, Augmented Reality and Applications, Physical Modelling of Animation, Dynamics Simulations, Motion Capturing, Character Animation, Games Development, and Shader languages. Coursework includes the use of 3D StudioMax and software development on C/C++ with OpenGL platforms to develop a 3D computer game. More...
COMPUTER GAMES LABORATORY	CMPSME22	20
This module is lab based and draws heavily on the CMPSME27 module (which is a prerequisite). It aims to make the student familiar with Virtual Reality (VR) hardware and related technologies, the Virtual Environment (VE), and Games and Entertainment platforms. Laboratory tasks should include a maximum of two of the following topics: Computer Animation, Collaborative/Networked Virtual Environments, Haptic/Force Feedback systems, Motion Capturing, Augmented Reality (AR), Stereoscopic Displays, Entertainment and Games Development using advanced programming techniques such as Shaders; Xbox development, and Medical Simulation and Visualisation. More...
COMPUTER NETWORKS	CMPSMD22	20
This unit analyses the fundamental concepts in data transmission and computer network design, implementation and management. Protocols for local and wide-area networks are studied in detail from a performance evaluation perspective. More...
COMPUTER VISION (FOR DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY)	CMPSMI16	20
This module covers the various stages in processing the image recorded at the sensor level in a camera so that the output is an attractive photographic image. The first half of the course will cover topics including demosaicking, denoising, white point correction, dynamic range compression and image rendering. The second half will look at higher level functions such as finding faces in images, content recognition (including face recognition) and facial coding in images. The last topic is particularly interesting in the context of mobile phone applications. More...
CONSERVATION GENETICS	BIO-M522	10
This module covers current knowledge of molecular technology as applied to ecological and evolutionary studies, and the principles and procedures underlying current molecular and analytical tools. It will also address how to determine the most suitable molecular tool to use when answering a given question in ecology and/or evolution, and how to read and interpret molecular data in ecological or evolutionary terms.
DATA MINING	CMPSMC24	20
This module is designed for postgraduate students studying on MSc courses. The module explores the methodologies of Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD). It aims to cover each stage of the KDD process, including data gathering, preliminary data anaylsis or data exploration, data cleansing, pre-processing and the various data analysis tasks that fall under the heading of data mining. Through this module, students should gain knowledge of algorithms and methods for each stage of the process, as well as practical experience using leading KDD software packages throughout all of the stages of KDD process. More...
DATABASE MANIPULATION	CMPSMB11	20
This module provides an overview of the philosophy and development of database technology. Practical experience of database manipulation is provided through the use of SQL and the Java JDBC interface on the IBM DB2 database management system. Database design is introduced using Entity-Relationship modelling and normalisation. More...
DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING	CMPSMC34	20
Single computer systems have limited processing power and are vulnerable to failure. Using distributed computing, processing speeds exceeding the limits of any single computer, and systems that continue to be available when individual computers fail can be realised. Achieving these features requires use of adequate algorithms, software architectures and networking techniques. This is the subject of this module. More...
DYNAMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY WITH ADVANCED TOPICS	MTH-ME48	20
This course applies fluid dynamics to the study of the circulation of the oceans. Topics studied include: geostrophic flow, Ekman layers, wind driven circulation, western boundary currents (e.g. the Gulf Steam), abyssal circulation, Rossby waves, Kelvin waves, Equatorial dynamics, Southern Ocean dynamics. Advanced topic: Baroclinic instability.
E-BUSINESS SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT	CMPSMB22	20
This unit explores the development of industrial-strength distributed information systems for Web-based implementations, using date-centric softeware engineering principles. Topics include: dynamic object-oriented system design, the use of persistent objects with relational databases, business models, business objects, XML and practical design and implementation for an architected n-tier, server-based systems environment. The use of these techniques for both e-Commerce and other systems will be discussed, using the J2EE platform for practical exercises. Considerable use is made of both advanced Java programming and relational databases, requiring prior knowledge of these subjects. More...
EARTH AND LIFE	ENV-MA38	20
This module introduces Earth system science, taking a top-down approach to the Earth as a whole system, and tracing its development since its formation 4.5 billion years ago. The main focus is on the coupled evolution of life and its environment through a series of revolutions. Theoretical approaches are introduced, including Gaia, feedback mechanisms and systems theory, and practical sessions use models to build up conceptual understanding. The subject is inherently inter-disciplinary, including aspects of biology, chemistry and physics, and unifying the study of climate and global biogeochemical cycles. Co-taught with ENV-3A38. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A38 OR EQUIVALENT
EARTHQUAKE AND VOLCANIC HAZARDS	ENV-MA04	20
Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions have significant environmental and societal impacts. This module focuses on the physical basis and analysis of each hazard, their global range of occurrence and their global impact. The module also addresses approaches towards hazard mitigation and minimising vulnerability, with an emphasis on their practical implication. Scenarios and probabilities of mega-disasters are also investigated. This module is co-taught with ENV-3A04. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A04 OR EQUIVALENT
EARTHQUAKE AND VOLCANIC HAZARDS WITH FIELDCOURSE	ENV-MA04K	20
Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions have significant environmental and societal impacts. This module focuses on the physical basis and analysis of each hazard, their global range of occurrence and their global impact. The module also addresses approaches towards hazard mitigation and minimising vulnerability, with an emphasis on their practical implication. Scenarios and probabilities of occurrence of mega-disasters are also investigated. A one week field trip in Scotland takes place to introduce you to various aspects of natural hazards and in particular to faulting and earthquake hazards. This module is co-taught with ENV-3A04K. The total Field Course module's cap of 25 is inclusive of ENV-3A04K. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A04K OR EQUIVALENT
ECOLOGICAL MODELLING	ENV-MA72	10
Modelling is a crucial methodology for answering many kinds of ecological questions and complement experimentation and field observations. The aim of this module is to introduce the use of modelling techniques to answer ecological questions. This module will provide an introduction to building ecological models using a combination of taught classes and project work. After completion of this module students will: understand the basic principles and approaches to ecological modelling and its potential applications; acquire the numerical skills required to develop quantitative ecological models; be able to develop basic quantitative models to answer ecological questions; learn to formulate hypotheses, write a project proposal and develop verbal and written communication and team working skills. This module is primarily reserved for those students studying on the European MSc in Applied Ecology but can also accommodate limited number of students from other programmes.
ECOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE	ENV-MA46	10
The aim of this module is to examine biological responses to climate change over a range of levels from species to ecosystems. In this module students will examine the most recent literature on the effects of global environmental change on biological systems and will become familiar with different approaches and methods used for modelling biological responses to climate change. Students are recommended to take ENV-MA49 and ENV-MA74.
ECOLOGICAL SURVEY METHODS	BIO-M55Y	20
This is a practical module spanning the autumn semester and half of the spring semester. It covers a wide variety of methods for surveying and censussing plants, animals, and habitats. It includes a comparison of methods and use of statistics. This is a compulsory module of the MSc in Applied Ecology and Conservation. The lectures and workshops will cover: reasons for censussing, assumptions of sampling techniques, mark-release-recapture, distance sampling and other techniques for monitoring different taxa and habitats, diagnosing declines, and project planning.
ELECTRICAL ENERGY GENERATION, DISTRIBUTION AND STORAGE	ENG-MA02	20
Electrical energy is the output from the majority of renewable energy sources (wind, wave, tidal, hydro). This module begins by introducing AC and DC electricity theory and electromagnetism. This theory is applied to the practical design and use of electrical generators. Transformer design for changing voltage levels is discussed and also its application to distribution of electrical energy through overhead lines to form the national grid. Issues relating to energy supply and demand and in particular the UK energy system are also explored.
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM WITH ADVANCED TOPICS	MTH-ME74	20
BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE MTH-2C4Y OR TAKE ENV-2A22 OR EQUIVALENT The behaviour of electric and magnetic fields is fundamental to many features of life we take for granted yet the underlying equations are surprisingly compact and elegant. We will begin with an historical overview of electrodynamics to see where the governing equations (Maxwell's) come from. We will then use these equations as axioms and apply them to a variety of situations including electro- and magneto-statics problems and then time-dependent problems (eg electromagnetic waves). We shall also consider how the equations change in an electromagnetic media and look at some simple examples. Further advanced topics will come from examining the equations in dielectrics and magnetic materials. Advanced topic will be an introduction to Magneto-Hydro Dynamics (MHD).
ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE	ENV-MA66	10
The module will critically assess the assumptions and projections of social and technological change represented in climate change mitigation scenarios, with an emphasis on energy systems. This will include a review of the drivers and dynamics of historical energy transitions.
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT EFFECTIVENESS	ENV-MA64K	20
Environmental Assessment is considered to be more effective when conducted at strategic levels of decision making, and is usually perceived to have a goal of achieving sustainable development. This module provides experience of conducting a particular form of strategic assessment, Sustainability Appraisal (SA), which incorporates environmental, social and economic considerations into plan making. Through practice of SA, a field course involving hands-on application of environmental assessment techniques, and consideration of effectiveness theory, this module will examine what makes assessment effective.
FORENSIC GENETICS AND ANCIENT DNA ANALYSIS	CHE-MH56	20
This module is reserved for students enrolled on either the MSc Forensic Archaeometry & Provenancing Studies or MChem Forensic and Investigative Chemistry or other SCI or WAM students at the discretion of the course director. Students will be introduced to forensic genetics and ancient DNA analysis, the theory of DNA STR fragment analysis and mtDNA sequencing. Lectures will cover DNA biology and history, sample collection, DNA extraction, PCR techniques and quantification, analytical techniques, fragment analysis and sequencing, slabs, CW and MS, STR's mutation rates, degraded DNA, PCR inhibition, contamination, mixed DNA and low copy number, mtDNA, Y chromosome genetics, phylogenetics and geogenetics, genetic principles statistics and probability, databases, interpretation, kinship and parentage testing, expert reporting.
FOSSIL FUELS	ENV-MA33	20
Geological, economic and political aspects of fossil fuels (oil, natural gas and coal) are introduced and integrated. These are used to discuss environmental concerns (particularly climate change) arising from the use of fossil fuels, and the potentially profound implications of future fuel scarcity.
FREE SURFACE FLOWS WITH ADVANCED TOPICS	MTH-MD77	20
Inviscid jets; stability analysis; infinite jet; semi-infinite jet; one-dimensional approximations; viscous jets; similarity solutions and breakup. Drops; satellite droplets. Uniform and nonuniform inviscid liquid sheets; temporal instability, convective/absolute instability. Viscous liquid sheets, waves on liquid sheets. Numerical simulations. Advanced Topic: Computational methods for free surface flows (Level set method, VOF).
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE I	BIO-M201	20
This is a compulsory module for the MSc in Molecular Medicine. The general aim of this module will be to develop an understanding of Human disease at the molecular and cellular level throughout the body. Lectures will focus on the system in question, the problems and diseases associated with that system and treatments possible with an emphasis on the underlying molecular mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE II	BIO-M202	20
This is a compulsory module for the MSc in Molecular Medicine. The aim of this module will be to build upon the knowledge gained in BIO-M201 Frontiers in Molecular Medicine I to understand problems in health and disease in the modern age. The module will involve problem based learning sessions looking at important questions in Molecular Medicine and health and disease. Working in groups and using the problem-based approach, the student will practise reading, dissecting and understanding primary literature dealing with the molecular mechanisms of disease.
FUNDAMENTALS OF METEOROLOGY	ENV-MA23	20
This module is designed to give a general introduction to meteorology and its relation to climate and climate change, concentrating on the physical processes in the atmosphere and how these influence our weather. The course contains both descriptions and mathematical treatments of meteorological topics and the assessment is designed to allow those with either mathematical or descriptive abilities to do well; however, a reasonable mathematical competence is essential, especially in rearranging equations, and a familiarity with basic calculus is helpful. Co-taught with ENV-2A23. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-2A23 OR EQUIVALENT
GALOIS THEORY WITH ADVANCED TOPICS	MTH-ME21	20
Polynomials and irreducibility: field extensions: algebraic, transcendental, normal, separable, splitting fields: field automorphisms, Galois group, Fundamental Theorem of Galois Theory: applications to constructability and roots of polynomial equations. Advanced topic: the inverse Galois problem
GENETICS, GENOMICS AND BIOINFORMATICS	BIO-M109	10
This module provides a Master's level introduction to the structure and function of DNA and its inheritance in pro- and eukaryotic organisms. It also includes an introduction to the study of the genomes of model organisms, together with the analysis of gene function and expression. An introduction to the role of bioinformatics in studies of evolution and genomics is also included. This module forms the foundation for more in-depth coverage of these topics later in the academic year.
GENETICS, GENOMICS AND BIOINFORMATICS	BIO-M113	20
This module is a more in-depth version of BIO-M109, providing a Master's level introduction to the structure and function of DNA. The module covers mechanisms of inheritance in pro- and eukaryotic organisms and an introduction to the study of model organisms and their genomes. This will be followed by lectures and workshops that investigate the molecular mechanisms controlling transcription and translation together with contemporary 'omics' technologies used for the analysis of whole genomes, gene function and expression. Lectures and seminars that introduce the role of bioinformatics in genome biology and evolution will also be included together with an opportunity to gain practical experience in bioinformatics. These lectures and seminars will provide students with the necessary knowledge and skills for more in-depth coverage of these topics later in the academic year, including within the laboratory-based research project.
GEOSCIENCES FIELDCOURSE	ENV-MA57K	20
This module is designed to promote a deeper understanding and integration of geoscience subjects: the fieldwork will usually concentrate on aspects of structural geology, regional tectonics, hydrogeology, sedimentology, palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironments, metamorphic geology and volcanology. A key feature of the course is that the location is chosen where there are excellent and substantial exposures of rock formation showing evidence of processes. The field base alternates between the Aegean (Greece) and Western Ireland, and the detailed content will reflect the field sites. In addition to being able to demonstrate field observation and data recording skills, M-level students will collect samples and generate new data as part of a small-scale scientific investigation that will be written-up as a report. Co-taught with ENV-3A57K. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A57K OR EQUIVALENT
GIS FOR ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT	ENV-MA94	10
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are computer programs for the capture, management, analysis and display of spatially referenced data. They are now increasingly widely used in ecology and environmental management, both in the organisation and analysis of pre-existing data sets and for analysis of data collected during fieldwork. This module aims to introduce their basic principles, capabilities, applications and limitations. Only basic familiarity with a PC is required and there will be weekly practical classes using the ArcGIS software. The main emphasis will be on imparting an understanding of what a GIS is, the strengths and weaknesses of such systems, and their practical use in research contexts (including MSc dissertations).
GRAPH THEORY WITH ADVANCED TOPICS	MTH-ME23	20
Graphs are among the simplest mathematical structures: sets of points which may or may not be linked by edges. Not surprisingly such structures are fundamental in many parts of science. We give a thorough introduction to the topological, combinatorial and algebraic properties of graphs. Advanced topic: strongly regular graphs.
HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION	CMPSMM23	20
An introduction to Human Computer Interaction including user interfaces on conventional computers and small footprint devices (e.g. PDAs and smart mobile phones). Human-Computer interactions are approached from a variety of perspectives: cognitive, ethnographic, socio-technical and systems theoretic. The module covers aspects of cognitive psychology and ethnographic methods necessary to understand and evaluate HCI. It brings together established practice and newer perspectives in order to fully understand what is meant by the usability and accessibility of modern interactive systems. More...
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL AND NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING	CMPSMB29	20
The module explores the development of Information Retrieval technologies, which have been driven by large increases in on-line documents and the Internet search engines, surveys multimedia and cross-language IR, reviews, current NLP techniques and their role in IR. More...
INFORMATION SYSTEMS ISSUES	CMPSMB17	20
This module explores basic information systems development and considers the stages and tools used in the traditional lifecycle approach. Although the main focus will be on describing the various methods used in contemporary development, time will also be spent looking at wider topics vital to the successful completion and implementation of information systems, such as stakeholder participation, prototyping and evaluation. The lecture course will be complemented by an individual project to explore an aspect of information systems development. More...
INTERNET & MULTIMEDIA TECHNIQUES	CMPSMB13	20
This module surveys the current and emerging technologies of the Internet and its impact on society, particularly e-commerce. The practical part of the module concentrates on the design and integration of web sites, using a range of tools and techniques in current use. More...
ISSUES IN CONSERVATION	BIO-M68Y	20
The aim is to give students an in-depth knowledge of current topics in fields relating to conservation. Students will learn to critically examine hot issues in conservation biology, develop an in-depth understanding of a range of techniques and approaches employed in the study of conservation and understand, assess and report on scientific presentations given by high-profile scientists. Each week there is a 3 hour seminar. Some will be lead by faculty, others by outside speakers who are experts in their fields, others will be student-led. At the end of the course students will attend the "Rebellion" - 2 days of talks on ecology and conservation. This is a compulsory module of the MSc in AEC.
LABORATORY UNIT (ORG CHEM)	CHE-M01Y	30
A series of advanced laboratory experiments will be performed. Reserved for students on F160T1 'Advanced Organic Chemistry (MSc)'
LECTURE UNIT (ORG CHEM)	CHE-M02Y	50
Reserved for students on F160T1 'Advanced Organic Chemistry (MSc)'
MARINE ECOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY	ENV-MA15	20
This module examines the ecological processes that underpin our dependence on and use of the marine environment for 'goods and services'. Students will study the ecology of marine organisms (from bacteria to fish), which provide the 'services' of climate modulation, nutrient regeneration and food production, threats to the sustainability of these services and the management challenges that result. The module will cover the evolution, biodiversity and molecular ecology of bacteria, diatoms, coccolithophores and nitrogen fixers, the physiology and distribution of zooplankton, the ecology of exploited populations and management of the marine environment including fisheries. Example ecosystems such as the Antarctic, mid ocean gyres and Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems will be studied in detail and predictions of the impact of environmental change (increasing temperature, decreasing pH, decreasing oxygen, changes in nutrient supply and human exploitation) on marine ecosystems dynamics will be examined. Biological oceanographic methods will be critically evaluated. The module also includes lectures by biological oceanographers from the Centre for the Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS).
MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY	BIO-M105	20
This is a compulsory and restricted module for MSc in Biotechnology for a Sustainable Future. AIDS, cystic fibrosis and diabetes all share one thing in common; they are some of the incurable diseases of the 21st century. Incurable diseases combined with the continued increase in drug resistance and newly emerging diseases demands new approaches to drug discovery and therapeutics. Medical Biotechnology (red biotechnology) underpins current approaches in improving diagnostics, drug design, drug delivery and disease monitoring and the evolution of personalized medicine will in the future see treatments based on genetic abnormalities rather than symptoms. In this module we will discuss the use of biotechnology in biomedical research and development, as well as in the current clinical setting. Where appropriate, successful case histories will be discussed. We will also consider the potential medical applications of biotechnology in the future.
MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND HOST:PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS	BIO-M207	10
This is a compulsory module for MSc in Molecular Medicine students. Medical Biotechnology underpins current approaches in improving diagnostics, drug design, drug delivery and disease monitoring and the evolution of personalized medicine will in the future see treatments based on genetic abnormalities rather than symptoms. In this module we will discuss the use of molecular medicine and biotechnology in host:pathogen interaction research as well as in the current clinical setting. Where appropriate, successful case histories will be discussed. On successful completion of the module the student will have gained a knowledge of host-pathogen interactions and the implications of antimicrobial resistance, knowledge of cutting edge techniques used in this field and knowledge of approaches to novel drug and vaccine design.
MICROBIAL AND ENZYME BIOTECHNOLOGY	BIO-M101	20
This is a compulsory and restricted module for MSc in Biotechnology for a Sustainable Future. This module explores the use of microorganisms to produce enzymes and other proteins, reviews the areas of biotechnology that exploit enzymes, and examines the methods available for engineering new enzymes. The productivity of microorganisms can be manipulated through careful control of the culture conditions and the module examines techniques in batch, fed-batch and continuous culture, providing training in the quantisation of bacterial growth parameters and metabolic control analysis. The basic design and operation of a fermentation laboratory will also be explored. Students will learn about the gains made by applying metabolic control analysis to amino acid and enzyme production. Biodiversity provides new enzymes, but genetic engineering also provides opportunities for designing molecules with new or enhanced abilities. Students will study areas of biotechnology that exploit enzymes and the methods available for producing and engineering these enzymes.
MODELLING ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES	ENV-MA11	20
The aim of this course is to show how physical environmental problems may be solved from the initial problem, to mathematical formulation and numerical solution. There is a focus on examples within meteorology, oceanography and the solid earth. The course consists of lectures on numerical methods and computing practicals. These concentrate on the solution of ordinary and partial differential equations. The computing practicals will be run in Matlab. The module will guide students through the solution of a geophysical problem of their own choosing. The problem will be discussed & placed into context through an essay, and then solved & written up in a project report. Co-taught with ENV-3A11. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A11 OR EQUIVALENT
MODERN EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE	BIO-M203	20
This is a compulsory module for the MSc in Molecular Medicine. The aim of the module is to develop practical experience and understanding of the techniques used in Molecular Medicine that are important for researchers and clinicians. It will focus on approaches widely used in Molecular Medicine, including those from molecular biology, biochemistry, cell biology, chemical biology and developmental biology.
MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS	CMPSMA18	20
This module covers main areas of contemporary multivariate statistical analysis: multivariate linear models (regression, MANOVA, repeated measures) , methods of dimensionality reduction (PCA, canonical correlations, multidimensional scaling) and introduction to modelling of multivariate dependent data with copulas. Both the theory and practice of statistical analysis is considered and students will be expected to analyse real data. Multivariate methods are a vital part of the statistician’s toolbox. More...
MULTIVARIATE STATISTICS	BIO-M517	10
This is a compulsory module of the MSc in Applied Ecology and Conservation. Multivariate statistics used in advanced ecological analyses are covered in this module. These include General Linear Models, Analysis of Variance, Logistic Regression, and Principal Components Analysis. Students will learn how to run these tests using the statistical package SPSS and how to critique, interpret, and present the results. Previous knowledge of basic statistics is necessary (e.g. BIO M519 or equivalent).
NARRATIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE	ENV-MA75	20
The aim of this Module is to introduce students to a range of different narratives of environmental change which have been influential in Western thought and action over the last 200 years and especially the last 50 years. It also aims to show how different narratives of past changes can be used to shape different environmental policy futures. The Module draws upon the sub-disciplines of environmental history, cultural geography, futures studies and systems theory and is taught by three experts in these fields. The Module is divided into three parts. In Part 1, through lectures and seminars we introduce students to seven different narratives of environmental change: for example, limits to growth, planetary boundaries, social-ecological resilience. In Part 2, through lectures we introduce four different arenas where environmental policy-making is currently active and show how different narratives of environmental change shape, constrain or inflect the development of environmental policy and the engagement of citizens. In Part 3, the students working in pairs lead a series of assessed seminars on allocated topics which bring together the historical narratives with areas of live policy debate.
NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS	ENV-MA44	20
Have you ever wondered why human economic activity seems to be so bad for the environment? Does it have to be like that? Is it possible for human beings to enjoy high standards of living and a high quality environment? Through the study of the principles of Environmental Economics this course sets out to answer those questions. Addressing a wide-range of economy-environment problems including car pollution, over-fishing, climate change and declining oil stocks, the course shows that most environmental problems can be solved through the adoption of policies crafted with the careful application of economic reasoning. Co-taught with ENV-3A44. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A44 OR EQUIVALENT
NUMBER THEORY WITH ADVANCED TOPICS	MTH-ME56	20
BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE MTH-2C1Y AND MTH-2C3Y OR EQUIVALENT. This module will be assessed by 100% examination, but you may also be informally assessed by coursework and/or project. The module will begin with a topic that occupied the ancient Greeks and continues to occupy us today, namely the study of Diophantine equations. After discovering some algebraic techniques to solve these equations, we will proceed to the study of elliptic curves. The viewpoint here is one of combining geometry and algebra to study equations. The course will end with an introduction to the Riemann zeta function and the Riemann hypothesis. The latter is one of the oldest unsolved problems in mathematics, and is worth a million dollars! The advanced topic will explore the density measure of rational points on elliptic curves. In other words, can we say something about the complexity of rational points on such curves?
OCEAN CIRCULATION	ENV-MA39	20
This module gives you an understanding of the physical processes occurring in the basin-scale ocean environment. We will introduce and discuss large scale global ocean circulation, including gyres, boundary currents and the overturning circulation. Major themes include the interaction between ocean and atmosphere, and the forces which drive ocean circulation. Co-taught with ENV-2A39. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-2A39 OR EQUIVALENT
PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY	ENV-MA58	20
This module investigates the geological evidence for major environmental changes through Earth history. It will explore selected topics that relate to the extent, timing and causes of past variations of climate as expressed through changes in the fossil and geological record. Lectures will draw on information from marine, ice core, terrestrial and lacustrine climate archives. Radiometric dating techniques and geochemical/quantitative methods of palaeoenvironmental reconstruction will be examined in practical classes. The module includes half-day excursions to examine key geological field sites in East Anglia. Co-taught with ENV-3A58. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A58 OR EQUIVALENT
PARTICIPATORY ENVIRONMENTAL DECISION-MAKING	ENV-MA54	20
This module explores the rise of deliberative and participatory approaches to science and decision-making as one of the most significant recent developments in the environmental field. It examines: the theories, rationales and methods of participatory environmental decision-making (PEDM); their application in different institutional, social and geographical contexts; evaluation of participatory process effectiveness; and emerging critiques of participation. There is an emphasis on case studies to address these themes, developing practical as well as theoretical understandings of participatory approaches, and associated skills in facilitating environmental deliberation. Co-taught with ENV-3A54. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A54 OR EQUIVALENT
PLANT BREEDING	BIO-M621	20
The aim of this module is to provide an understanding of the basic principles of plant breeding and genetics and to explore the principles and applications of the newer technologies in the manipulation of traits in crop improvement. On completion the students' understanding will include: The principles, analysis and application of Mendelian, population and quantitative genetics in plant breeding; the background to and application of molecular techniques such as the generation and use of doubled haploid populations and marker assisted breeding and selection; breeding strategies and selection procedures; principles and application of heterosis and hybrid breeding.
PLANT GENOMICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY	BIO-M112	20
Compulsory Module for MSc in Plant Genetics and Crop Improvement. Plant genetics and biotechnology have played a significant role in understanding fundamental aspects of plant biology, and they also have tremendous potential for crop plant improvement in the future. This module will provide an overview of the theory and practical applications of plant molecular genetics, genomics and transformation technologies in both model and crop plants.
PRACTICAL CONSERVATION AND WORK EXPERIENCE	BIO-M56Y	10
This module entails 5 days of unpaid work placement in various international, national or local conservation organisations and ecological consultancies. The days may be carried out with more than one organisation, need not be consecutive and may be spread across both semesters. Students can receive help from faculty in setting up placements but will be responsible for their transportation to and from the workplace.
RESEARCH TOPICS IN EARTH SCIENCE	ENV-MA59	20
The module allows engagement in Earth science research topics at an advanced level and involves advanced study skills. The module will be strongly research lead and based around student-centred learning. The module will involve a) engagement with appropriate research seminars in the School of Environmental Sciences and b) directed research based around key topics with discussions and student seminars. The topics included will vary from year to year, depending on current research programmes, but they are likely to include topics in sedimentary geology, sedimentology, palaeoclimate, geological resources, Earth history, the Earth system, nuclear waste repository sites, carbon dioxide sequestration.
RESTORATION ECOLOGY	BIO-M512	10
In this module, the causes of habitat degradation and practical solutions for habitat enhancement, restoration and creation are examined using real case studies. Particular emphasis will be placed on reviewing methods and outcomes of restoration of aquatic habitats, including fens, shallow eutrophic lakes and rivers, although terrestrial habitats such as lowland heathland, beaches and dunes, and woodland will also be considered. 3 field trips to local habitats will give first-hand experience of restoration in action, usually to include Suffolk sandlings heathland, the Broads, and the beaches and dunes near Sizewell Power Station on the east coast.
SET THEORY WITH ADVANCED TOPICS	MTH-ME18	20
Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. The Axiom of Choice and equivalents. Cardinality, countability, and uncountability. Trees, Combinatorial set theory. Advanced topic: Infinite Ramsey theory.
SLOW VISCOUS FLOW	MTH-ME84	20
This module will be assessed by 100% examination, but you may also be informally assessed by coursework and/or project. Introduction to Stokes Flow, basic properties, and theorems. Solution via Papkovich-Neuber potentials. Integral representations. Slender-body theory. Lubrication theory and extensional flow equations. Pugs and Slugs in pipe flow.
STABLE ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY	ENV-MA81	20
From supernovae and the early condensation of the solar system, through the climate history of the planet and on to modern stratospheric chemistry, studies using stable isotopes have made a significant contribution to our understanding of the processes that shape the Earth. In this module we look at the theory and practice of isotope geochemistry, covering analytical methods and mass spectrometry, fractionation processes, and isotope behaviour in chemical cycles in the geosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere. The course consists of lectures, practicals, including hands-on experience in the stable isotope laboratory, and student led seminars.
STATISTICAL INFERENCE	CMPSMA19	20
This module covers the foundations of statistical inference, both frequentist and Bayesian, including the definitions of random variables and distributions, moments and moment generating functions, principles of statistical estimation and testing. More...
STATISTICAL MECHANICS WITH ADVANCED TOPICS	MTH-ME64	20
In principle, the laws of classical and quantum mechanics provide a complete description to allow us to predict the microscopic state of a system. However, for a large class of systems consisting of many degrees of freedom (e.g. molecules in a gas), it is completely impractical nor even necessary to adopt such a detailed description. Rather, it is typically sufficient to seek a macroscopic formulation that is related to the microscopic properties of the problem. This is what we commonly do, for example, when modelling the dynamics of fluids as functions of the macroscopic variables such as pressure, temperature, and density. The course will begin by using very elementary concepts of probability theory to derive macroscopic thermodynamic properties such as temperature from the microscopic properties of individual atoms or molecules. At very low temperatures, quantum effects begin to play an important role. By extending our analysis to such systems, we are able to predict the existence of a new state of matter known as a Bose-Einstein condensate which was first produced in the Laboratory as recently as 1995. The tools of statistical mechanics are useful in many branches of applied mathematics. While the module is self-contained, it is strongly recommended that students also take MTH-2G50 which will reinforce a number of the concepts used here.
STATISTICAL MODELLING TBA	CMPSMA13	20
This module covers three topics in statistical theory: Regression and Linear Models, Generalised Linear Models and Non-parametric and Robust Methods. All topics consider both the theory and practice of statistical model fitting and students will be expected to analyse real data. Non-parametric and robust methods are a vital part of the contemporary statisticians armoury and cheap computing makes such techniques very powerful. We look at the permutation based methods, the empirical distribution function, M- and L-estimation. More...
SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION	ENV-MA83	20
This module investigates the impacts of consumption on social and environmental systems, and how these might be reduced. It presents the key theories and debates around sustainable consumption, and critically examines a range of strategies for achieving it, covering governmental, business, community and individual actors. A mainstream policy approach to sustainable consumption is contrasted with an alternative ‘new economics’ model, and we examine a range of perspectives on what drives consumption patterns. Workshop exercises to apply these theories to ‘real world’ examples will provide experiential learning opportunities. We then critically assess a selection of sustainable consumption initiatives in detail, for example local organic food, eco-housing, Transition Towns, local currencies and community-based behaviour-change campaigns. Co-taught with ENV-MA85, which is restricted to Norwich Business School students taking the MBA course.
SYSTEMS ENGINEERING ISSUES	CMPSMB20	20
This unit draws together a wide range of material and considers it in the context of developing modern large-scale computer systems. It will introduce, and put into context, topics crucial to the discipline of computer-based systems engineering (CBSE). Topics include: concept protection and exploitation; financing; the nature of systems; computer-based systems (CBS); systems failure; managing both systems and computer-based systems projects; total quality management; quality assurance and quality control; the maintenance of CBS; metrification, and risk management in CBS. This unit is supported by a series of industrial case studies and includes speakers from industry (as available). More...
TARGET TRAITS FOR CROP IMPROVEMENT	BIO-M114	20
Compulsory module for MSc in Plant Genetics and Crop Improvement. Future crop plant improvement will depend upon new varieties expressing a number of key traits, either by conventional plant breeding, or by genetic modification. These traits include durable resistance to pathogenic microorganisms, and promoting interactions with other microorganisms that will result in mutually beneficial symbioses that could reduce inputs of nitrogen and phosphorous in agriculture. Other desirable traits include tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and extremes of temperature, as well as crops with enhanced nutritional quality. This module will investigate the genetic basis underlying these important traits in both model and crop plants, and the strategies for introducing these traits into specific crops.
THE CARBON CYCLE AND CLIMATE CHANGE	ENV-MA31	20
Carbon dioxide is the greenhouse gas which has, by far, the greatest impact on climate change. Carbon dioxide is becoming even more important owing to continued fossil fuel emissions and its very long lifetime in the atmosphere. Predicting future climate or defining ‘dangerous’ climate change is challenging, in large part because the Earth’s carbon cycle is very complex and not fully understood. You will learn about the atmospheric, oceanic and terrestrial components of the carbon cycle, how they interact with each other, and how they interact with climate in so-called ‘feedbacks’. The understanding of the carbon cycle gained from this module is a vital foundation for all climate change research. Emphasis is given to the most recent, cutting-edge research in the field. Co-taught with ENV-3A31. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A31 OR EQUIVALENT
THEORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT	ENV-MA63	20
Environmental assessment is a term used to describe procedures for evaluating the potential environmental consequences of policies, programmes, plans and projects. It is a well established tool for environmental policy integration, being routinely employed in more than 100 nations and by many international aid and funding agencies. This multidisciplinary module focuses on the theory and methods of environmental assessment and the decision-making contexts in which they are employed. It explains the procedural stages of, and selected methodologies for, environmental assessment and provides practical experience in applying them. Co-taught with ENV-3A63. Students are recommended to take ENV-MA64K. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A63 OR EQUIVALENT
TOPOLOGY	MTH-ME88	20
RESERVED FOR STUDENTS REGISTERED IN THE SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS Topology is the mathematical study of properties which are preserved under continuous transformation. In the first section we generalise concepts from analysis (distance, open and closed sets, continuity) to give some precise mathematical sense to this. In the remaining sections we introduce methods which ‘approximate’ the analytic situation (continuous maps between topological spaces) by an algebraic problem (homomorphisms between groups). The surprising outcome is that one obtains deep results in analysis which often admit no other style of proof. Two examples of results which we will come across are the Brouwer fixed point theorem (a continuous map from the unit disc to itself has a fixed point); and the Borsuk - Ulam theorem (paraphrased as saying that at any given time, there are two points on the Earth’s surface which have both the same temperature and the same pressure).
UNIVARIATE STATISTICS	BIO-M519	10
This is an introduction for some students and a refresher for others. Simple tests for trends (correlation, regression) and for differences (Chi-square, t-tests, ANOVAs) are introduced using a friendly statistical package (SPSSx for Windows). The link between statistics and experimental design is stressed. Students studying on the Master of Science degree programme in Applied Ecology and Conservation MUST undertake this module if they have no previous statistical experience.
WAVES, TIDES AND SHALLOW WATER PROCESSES	ENV-MA40	20
This module will explore physical processes in the ocean, building on what you learnt in Ocean Circulation. There will be a focus on applications of ocean physics to shelf seas. Topics will include: Tide generation, forces, harmonic tidal analysis of time series, propagation in shallow seas; Surface and internal waves, their role in air-sea exchange and upper ocean mixing; Role of tides and internal waves in global ocean mixing; Impact of ocean physics on biogeochemical processes, including seasonal phytoplankton blooms and shelf sea fronts; Remote sensing of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll is shelf seas. Estuarine circulation and sediment transport; Applications of ocean physics to water quality and pollution monitoring; Role of ocean science in the marine energy industry. This module is designed to follow on from ENV-MA39, which is a pre-requisite.

Disclaimer

Whilst the University will make every effort to offer the modules listed, changes may sometimes be made arising from the annual monitoring, review and update of modules and regular (five-yearly) review of course programmes. Where this activity leads to significant (but not minor) changes to programmes and their constituent modules, there will normally be prior consultation of students and others. It is also possible that the University may not be able to offer a module for reasons outside of its control, such as the illness of a member of staff or sabbatical leave. Where this is the case, the University will endeavour to inform students.

Year Abroad

Entry Requirements

A Level:: A*AA (including two Science subjects)
International Baccalaureate:: 36 (incl 3 HL subjects at grade 6)
Scottish Highers:: AAAAA
Scottish Advanced Highers:: AAA
Irish Leaving Certificate:: AAAAAA
Access Course:: Please contact institution for further advice

Students for whom English is a Foreign language

We welcome applications from students from all academic backgrounds. We require evidence of proficiency in English (including writing, speaking, listening and reading). Recognised English Language qualifications include:

IELTS: 6. overall (minimum 5.5 in any component)
TOEFL: Internet-based score of 78 overall (minimum 20 in Speaking component, 17 in Writing and Listening components and 18 in Reading components.
PTE: 55 overall (minimum 51 in any component).

If you do not meet the University's entry requirements, our INTO Language Learning Centre offers a range of university preparation courses to help you develop the high level of academic and English skills necessary for successful undergraduate study.

Interviews

Interviews are required as part of the selection process.

Gap Year

We welcome applications from students who have already taken or intend to take a gap year, believing that a year between school and university can be of substantial benefit. You are advised to indicate your reason for wishing to defer entry and may wish to contact the appropriate Admissions Office directly to discuss this further.

Special Entry Requirements

We ask our applicants to have at least two of the following subjects to A2-level or equivalent: Biology; Chemistry; Physics; Mathematics or Further Mathematics; Environmental Science or Geography or Geology; and Information and Communication Technology.

General Studies and Critical Thinking are not accepted.

Intakes

The School's annual intake is in September of each year.

Alternative Qualifications

We encourage you to apply if you have alternative qualifications equivalent to our stated entry requirement. Please contact us for further information.

GCSE Offer

Students are required to have GCSE Mathematics and GCSE English Language at Grade C or above.

Fees and Funding

Undergraduate University Fees

We are committed to ensuring that Tuition Fees do not act as a barrier to those aspiring to come to a world leading university and have developed a funding package to reward those with excellent qualifications and assist those from lower income backgrounds. Full time UK/EU students starting an undergraduate degree course in 2013 will be charged a tuition fee of £9,000. The level of fee may be subject to yearly increases. Full time International students starting an undergraduate degree course in 2013 will be charged a tuition fee of £14,400. The level of fee may be subject to yearly increases.

Scholarships and Bursaries

Home/EU - The University of East Anglia offers a range of Bursaries and Scholarships. To check if you are eligible please visit http://www.uea.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/finance/university-financial-support

International Students - The University offers around £1 million of Scholarships each year to support International students in their studies. Scholarships are normally awarded to students on the basis of academic merit and are usually for the duration of the period of study. Our University international pages gives you more details about preparation for studying with us, including Fees and Funding http://www.uea.ac.uk/international

How to Apply

Applications need to be made via the Universities Colleges and Admissions Services (UCAS), using the UCAS Apply option.

UCAS Apply is a secure online application system that allows you to apply for full-time Undergraduate courses at universities and colleges in the United Kingdom. It is made up of different sections that you need to complete. Your application does not have to be completed all at once. The system allows you to leave a section partially completed so you can return to it later and add to or edit any information you have entered. Once your application is complete, it must be sent to UCAS so that they can process it and send it to your chosen universities and colleges.

The UCAS code name and number for the University of East Anglia is EANGL E14.

Further Information

If you would like to discuss your individual circumstances with the Admissions Office prior to applying please do contact us:

Undergraduate Admissions Office

Tel: +44 (0)1603 591515
Email: admissions@uea.ac.uk

request a copy of our latest prospectus and subject brochures
get access to exclusive information personalised to your interests
keep up to date with news and events at UEA.

International candidates are also actively encouraged to access the University's International webpages.

Full-Time Degrees

Applications to Full-Time Undergraduate degrees at the University of East Anglia must be made through UCAS by going to www.ucas.ac.uk

Part-Time Degrees

The University of East Anglia offers some of its undergraduate degrees on a part-time basis. The application form for part-time study can be found at: http://www.uea.ac.uk/courses/parttimestudy. For further information on the part-time application process, please contact the relevant Faculty Office:

Faculty of Arts and Humanities: ug.hum.admiss@uea.ac.uk
Faculty of Science: sci.admiss@uea.ac.uk
Faculty of Health: nam.admissions@uea.ac.uk

Each year we hold a series of Open Days, where potential applicants to our Undergraduate courses can come and visit the university to learn more about the courses they are interested in, meet current students and staff and tour our campus. If you decide to apply for a course and are made an offer, you will be invited to a School specific Visit Day. Applicants may be invited for interview or audition for some courses.

For enquiries about the content of the degree or your qualifications please contact Admissions at 01603 591515 or email admissions@uea.ac.uk We can then direct your enquiry to the relevant department to assist you.

If you wish to view the courses available, view our online prospectus or order a hard copy prospectus please visit www.uea.ac.uk/courses/undergraduate