Undergraduate Degrees

BSc Biological Sciences (Part time)

Attendance:: Part Time
Award:: Degree of Bachelor of Science
School of Study:: Biological Sciences
Brochure:: School of Biological Sciences Undergraduate Brochure (PDF)
Typical A-Level Offer:: ABB to include Biology

Overview
Why Choose Us
Course Profile
Requirements
Fees and Funding
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The first and second year units cover all the major areas of biology and will give you a sound grounding in mathematics, statistics, IT and computing, physics and chemistry. You will find the latter units especially valuable if you do not have A-levels in these subjects.

During the third, fourth, fifth and sixth years you can study a broad range of subjects, or you can choose to specialise in a particular area of biology such as Cell Biology or Microbiology by mirroring the units taken by students on these specialised degree courses. The only compulsory element is the Research Project, which is undertaken by all final year students, for which you carry out experimental work in one of the research laboratories within the School or in one of the affiliated Institutes.

In the fourth and sixth years you also have 20 credits for free choice which allows you to select from a huge range of units offered by BIO and other schools within the University.

The course may be completed more quickly by increasing the number of credits taken each year. Please contact our Admissions Officer bio.admiss@uea.ac.uk for further details.

How to Apply

Please apply directly to the School of Biological Sciences. It is not necessary to apply through UCAS for our part-time degree programmes. Please download and complete the School of Biological Sciences Part-Time Study Application Form [PDF, 50KB].

Course Organiser:Dr. Andrew Chantry

Biological Sciences offer 11 different full-time undergraduate degree programmes (plus three part-time degrees) in a range of subjects. Approximately 150 new undergraduates join us each year to study Biological Sciences (including a range of specialised programmes), Biomedicine, Biochemistry and Ecology.

Our students also have the opportunity of studying abroad for a year in either Europe, North America or Australasia, or spending a year in industry. Indeed we are one of a very few departments in the UK able to offer such a comprehensive spectrum of biology-related degree programmes.

Two of the distinguishing features of the degree courses we offer are excellence and choice. You are able to choose from a large number of degree programmes composed of a wide range of teaching modules. Lectures and seminars introduce the latest ideas and understanding of biology, and you will gain a thorough training in modern experimental methodology through hands-on practical or fieldwork sessions.

Why Study Biology?

The biological sciences comprise a broad range of inter-linked disciplines which encompass the study of life from the molecular level, through cells, tissues and organisms, to populations and ecosystems.

As well as being intellectually interesting, advances in the Biological Sciences have direct relevance to our everyday lives. Examples of this are to be found in new medical treatments, increased agricultural output, the protection of endangered species and the development of new food products. These breakthroughs have improved the quality of life for millions of people over the past few decades, and led to a greater understanding of our impact on the environment and the need for better resource management and conservation.

Some examples of recent advances include:

The development of new vaccines
The development of rapid and accurate diagnostic tests for infectious diseases
The production of recombinant hormones in bacteria, e.g. insulin for the treatment of diabetes
The development of new techniques for the forensic detection of crimeThe development of disease and drought resistant strains of crop plants
The designation of thousands of wildlife reserves and national parks worldwide to protect and conserve endangered species and areas of special ecological interest
The development of biological control techniques to combat weeds and pests thereby reducing the use of herbicides and insecticides
The development of bioremediation – using naturally occurring plants or microbes to clean up pollution, e.g. oil spills

Continuing research into the biological sciences is essential if we are to overcome problems such as cancer, HIV and tuberculosis, find ways to treat or cure genetic diseases such as Muscular Dystrophy and Cystic Fibrosis, unlock the secrets encoded in the Human Genome Sequence, protect endangered species, conserve ‘at risk’ habitats, and combat threats such as bioterrorism and emerging infectious diseases. Biological Scientists are at the forefront of biomedical, pharmaceutical, agricultural and ecological research, so if you are looking for an exciting, flexible field of study with excellent career prospects, both within science and in the wider employment market, then look no further than the biological sciences.

Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Year 6

This is the first year of your Level 1 study. Students at the appropriate level will be transferred from BIO-1A6Y Maths and Statistics for Biologists to BIO-1A7Y Modelling and Statistics during Autumn Semester 2012.

Compulsory Study (60 credits)

Students must study the following modules for 60 credits:

Name	Code	Credits
BIODIVERSITY	BIO-1A03	20
An introduction to the evolution of the major groups of microorganisms, plants and animals. The module considers structural, physiological and life-cycle characteristics of these organisms. It charts the development of life on land and interprets evolutionary responses to changing environments.
EVOLUTION, BEHAVIOUR AND ECOLOGY	BIO-1A04	20
This module introduces the main ideas in behavioural ecology, evolutionary biology and ecology. It concentrates on outlining concepts as well as describing examples. Specific topics to be covered include the genetical basis of evolution by natural selection, systematics and phylogeny, the adaptive interpretation of animal sexual and social behaviour, ecological processes and population biology.
MATHS AND STATISTICS FOR BIOLOGISTS	BIO-1A6Y	10
THIS MODULE IS ONLY AVAILABLE TO STUDENTS IN THE SCHOOL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES. A combination of lectures and workshops will be used to introduce a range of topics in maths and statistics that are absolutely essential for a contemporary undergraduate studying the biological sciences.
SKILLS FOR BIOLOGISTS	BIO-1A4Y	10
This year-long unit combines small-group seminars with supporting lecture -based sessions. Material will support units BIO-1A13, 1A14, 1A03 and 1A04. Students will learn how to access scientific material and to use it critically in essays, oral presentations and posters. This unit will explore how such scientific material is disseminated to scientists and to the general public. There will also be data handling and problem-based learning exercises. THIS UNIT IS NOT AVAILABLE TO VISITING/EXCHANGE STUDENTS AND IS RESTRICTED TO BIO STUDENTS ONLY.

This is the second year of your Level 1 study.

Compulsory Study (60 credits)

Students must study the following modules for 60 credits:

Name	Code	Credits
FOUNDATIONS FOR PHYSIOLOGY	BIO-1A58	10
THIS UNIT IS NOT NORMALLY AVAILABLE TO VISITING/EXCHANGE STUDENTS. Through a series of lectures, seminars and practicals, BIO-1A58 provides a broad knowledge of basic physio-chemical processes such as optics, fluid dynamics and membrane potentials that play critical roles in physiological systems. The processes of hearing, vision, respiration and temperature regulation are amongst several examples used throughout the unit to demonstrate these important relationships.
FUNDAMENTALS OF CELL BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY	BIO-1A14	20
The unit aims to provide an introduction to the basic aspects of biochemistry, cell biology. Basic biochemical processes will be explored, as well as catalysis and enzymology. There will be an introduction to the nature of the living cell, its membranes, and organelles, how cells communicate and also how they are visualised. This unit will also provide an introduction to developmental biology.
FUNDAMENTALS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS	BIO-1A13	20
The module aims to provide an introduction to the basic aspects of biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics. The module explores the fundamental properties of macromolecules, DNA structure, synthesis and replication, as well as the structure and function of proteins. The genetic code, genes and their expression will be covered as well as the rapidly expanding area of molecular biology. The module also covers chromosome structure, mechanisms of heredity, medical genetics and cytogenetics.
INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY FOR LIFE SCIENCES	BIO-1A61	10
This module will give students of biology a basic knowledge of general chemistry, to include aspects of inorganic and organic chemistry that are most relevant to the life sciences.

This is the first year of your Level 2 study

Option A Study (60 credits)

Students will select 60 credits from the following modules:

Name	Code	Credits
BEHAVIOURAL ECOLOGY	BIO-2B18	20
In this unit, the interrelationships between animal behaviour, ecology and evolution will be explored. More specifically, students will examine how animals behave under particular ecological conditions and seek explanations for the evolution of specific behavioural patterns, using the concepts of Darwinian selection and adaptation as theoretical cornerstones. Students will become familiar with several modelling approaches to behaviour.
BIOCHEMISTRY	BIO-2B01	20
This module builds on the principles of biochemistry taught in BIO-1A14. Selected topics in intermediary metabolism are covered in greater depth and extended to include the specific roles of coenzymes in metabolic pathways. In turn this leads to a discussion of the roles of hormone-receptor interactions and signal transduction in metabolic regulation. The recent contributions of structural biology to cellular bioenergetics are acknowledged in both the lecture series and associated practical classes, whilst ATP utilization is illustrated by consideration of the active transport of molecules across membranes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
CELL BIOLOGY	BIO-2B06	20
This module explores the molecular organisation of cells and the regulation of dynamic cellular changes, with some emphasis on medical cell biology. Dynamic properties of cell membranes, cell signalling, growth factor function and aspects of cancer biology and immunology. Regulation of the internal cell environment (nuclear organisation and information flow, cell growth, division and motility), the relationship of the cell to its extracellular matrix and the determination of cell phenotype. Aspects of cell death, the ageing process, developmental biology, mechanisms of tissue renewal and repair. It is strongly recommended that students taking this module should also take BIO-2B02 or BIO-2B17.
COMMUNITY, ECOSYSTEM AND MACRO-ECOLOGY	BIO-2B26	20
The module will introduce the main concepts in community, ecosystem and macro-ecology – patterns and processes related to species richness, diversity; stability; succession; primary and secondary productivity and energy flows. We will then examine how these concepts aid our understanding of the functioning of terrestrial and marine ecosystems.
EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY	BIO-2B10	20
The aim of this module is to provide a background in the concepts and principles of evolutionary biology. It includes discussion of genetic variation, population genetics, natural selection, population structure, ecological adaptation, life history characteristics, speciation, interactions among species, biological diversity, phylogeny and molecular ecology and biogeography. Workshop discussions are held weekly.
FIELD ECOLOGY	BIO-2B21	20
Students explore the ecology of moorlands, bogs, sand dunes, rocky shores, estuaries and woodlands. Students should develop skills in identifying plants and animals using scientific keys, carrying out quantitative surveys and statistically analysing their data. Strong emphasis is placed on student-lead project work. The bulk of the teaching takes place on a two week field course in Western Ireland, that runs immediately before the start of the Autumn Semester.
GENETICS	BIO-2B17	20
This module will describe the basis of heredity, describing both the functions and the structures of genes and whole genomes. Examples will be taken from bacterial, animal and plant systems and will be considered from both functional and molecular points of view. The influence of the "new genetics" on medicine, agriculture and society will also be covered. Practical work will involve a molecular genetic analysis of a symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing bacterium and a molecular mapping exercise of traits that confer disease resistance in plants. It is strongly recommended that students taking this module should also take BIO-2B02 (Molecular Biology).
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY	BIO-2B05	20
The major emphasis of this unit is on the mechanisms that regulate human body organ systems and their interplay. Considerable attention is directed to cell physiology, which serves as the basis for body functions. In particular, the nervous, muscle, sense organ, renal, cardiac, respiratory, circulatory, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and reproductive systems are dealt with in detail. Practical work involves physiological experiments on these systems and histopathology of some tissues. (CHE-1C24 IS AN ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATIVE TO BIO-1A58 AS A PREREQUISITE).
MICROBIOLOGY	BIO-2B28	20
A broad module covering all aspects of the biology of microorganisms, providing key knowledge for specialist Level 3 modules. Detailed description is given about the cell biology of bacteria, fungi and protists together with microbial physiology, genetics and environmental and applied microbiology. The biology of disease-causing microorganisms (bacteria, viruses) and prions is also covered. Practical work provides hands-on experience of important microbiological techniques, and expands on concepts introduced in lectures. The module should appeal to biology students across a wide range of disciplines and interests.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY	BIO-2B02	20
The module provides an introduction to the principles of molecular biology. The programme starts with the structure of DNA, genes and genomes, followed by characterisation of the information flow including the mechanisms and regulation of transcription and translation. Protein folding, modification and turnover are described together with reactions concerning DNA (replication, recombination and repair). The module ends with a detailed description of methods used for the experimental manipulation of genetic material (gene isolation, DNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction, molecular cloning, transgenic plants and animals and global functional genomics).
PLANT BIOLOGY	BIO-2B07	20
This unit, which will consist of lectures and practical classes, will provide an appreciation of modern plant biology with an emphasis on development, signalling, and response to the environment. It will encompass genetic, molecular, biochemical and physiological perspectives and provide an understanding of the major aspects of plant cell structure, function and metabolism, including photosynthesis and respiration, an understanding of inter- and intracellular signalling and an understanding of how plants perceive and respond to the physical and biological environments.

This is the second year of your Level 2 study

Option A Study (40 credits)

Students will select 40 credits from the following modules:

Name	Code	Credits
BEHAVIOURAL ECOLOGY	BIO-2B18	20
In this unit, the interrelationships between animal behaviour, ecology and evolution will be explored. More specifically, students will examine how animals behave under particular ecological conditions and seek explanations for the evolution of specific behavioural patterns, using the concepts of Darwinian selection and adaptation as theoretical cornerstones. Students will become familiar with several modelling approaches to behaviour.
BIOCHEMISTRY	BIO-2B01	20
This module builds on the principles of biochemistry taught in BIO-1A14. Selected topics in intermediary metabolism are covered in greater depth and extended to include the specific roles of coenzymes in metabolic pathways. In turn this leads to a discussion of the roles of hormone-receptor interactions and signal transduction in metabolic regulation. The recent contributions of structural biology to cellular bioenergetics are acknowledged in both the lecture series and associated practical classes, whilst ATP utilization is illustrated by consideration of the active transport of molecules across membranes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
CELL BIOLOGY	BIO-2B06	20
This module explores the molecular organisation of cells and the regulation of dynamic cellular changes, with some emphasis on medical cell biology. Dynamic properties of cell membranes, cell signalling, growth factor function and aspects of cancer biology and immunology. Regulation of the internal cell environment (nuclear organisation and information flow, cell growth, division and motility), the relationship of the cell to its extracellular matrix and the determination of cell phenotype. Aspects of cell death, the ageing process, developmental biology, mechanisms of tissue renewal and repair. It is strongly recommended that students taking this module should also take BIO-2B02 or BIO-2B17.
COMMUNITY, ECOSYSTEM AND MACRO-ECOLOGY	BIO-2B26	20
The module will introduce the main concepts in community, ecosystem and macro-ecology – patterns and processes related to species richness, diversity; stability; succession; primary and secondary productivity and energy flows. We will then examine how these concepts aid our understanding of the functioning of terrestrial and marine ecosystems.
EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY	BIO-2B10	20
The aim of this module is to provide a background in the concepts and principles of evolutionary biology. It includes discussion of genetic variation, population genetics, natural selection, population structure, ecological adaptation, life history characteristics, speciation, interactions among species, biological diversity, phylogeny and molecular ecology and biogeography. Workshop discussions are held weekly.
FIELD ECOLOGY	BIO-2B21	20
Students explore the ecology of moorlands, bogs, sand dunes, rocky shores, estuaries and woodlands. Students should develop skills in identifying plants and animals using scientific keys, carrying out quantitative surveys and statistically analysing their data. Strong emphasis is placed on student-lead project work. The bulk of the teaching takes place on a two week field course in Western Ireland, that runs immediately before the start of the Autumn Semester.
GENETICS	BIO-2B17	20
This module will describe the basis of heredity, describing both the functions and the structures of genes and whole genomes. Examples will be taken from bacterial, animal and plant systems and will be considered from both functional and molecular points of view. The influence of the "new genetics" on medicine, agriculture and society will also be covered. Practical work will involve a molecular genetic analysis of a symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing bacterium and a molecular mapping exercise of traits that confer disease resistance in plants. It is strongly recommended that students taking this module should also take BIO-2B02 (Molecular Biology).
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY	BIO-2B05	20
The major emphasis of this unit is on the mechanisms that regulate human body organ systems and their interplay. Considerable attention is directed to cell physiology, which serves as the basis for body functions. In particular, the nervous, muscle, sense organ, renal, cardiac, respiratory, circulatory, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and reproductive systems are dealt with in detail. Practical work involves physiological experiments on these systems and histopathology of some tissues. (CHE-1C24 IS AN ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATIVE TO BIO-1A58 AS A PREREQUISITE).
MICROBIOLOGY	BIO-2B28	20
A broad module covering all aspects of the biology of microorganisms, providing key knowledge for specialist Level 3 modules. Detailed description is given about the cell biology of bacteria, fungi and protists together with microbial physiology, genetics and environmental and applied microbiology. The biology of disease-causing microorganisms (bacteria, viruses) and prions is also covered. Practical work provides hands-on experience of important microbiological techniques, and expands on concepts introduced in lectures. The module should appeal to biology students across a wide range of disciplines and interests.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY	BIO-2B02	20
The module provides an introduction to the principles of molecular biology. The programme starts with the structure of DNA, genes and genomes, followed by characterisation of the information flow including the mechanisms and regulation of transcription and translation. Protein folding, modification and turnover are described together with reactions concerning DNA (replication, recombination and repair). The module ends with a detailed description of methods used for the experimental manipulation of genetic material (gene isolation, DNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction, molecular cloning, transgenic plants and animals and global functional genomics).
PLANT BIOLOGY	BIO-2B07	20
This unit, which will consist of lectures and practical classes, will provide an appreciation of modern plant biology with an emphasis on development, signalling, and response to the environment. It will encompass genetic, molecular, biochemical and physiological perspectives and provide an understanding of the major aspects of plant cell structure, function and metabolism, including photosynthesis and respiration, an understanding of inter- and intracellular signalling and an understanding of how plants perceive and respond to the physical and biological environments.

Free Choice Study (20 credits)

Students will select modules worth 20 credits from the course catalogue with the approval of their School

This is the first year of your Level 3 study

Option A Study (40 credits)

Students will select 40 credits from the following modules:

Name	Code	Credits
CANCER BIOLOGY	BIO-3C27	20
This module deals with the concepts and principles of genetic analysis of cancer. The various roles of genes in development, apoptosis, the cell cycle, metastasis and angiogenesis are covered for example. A discussion on the potential of novel therapies concludes the module. This module takes advantage of several experts from the Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital. Students will thus gain an in-depth appreciation of cancer as a disease process from both the scientific and clinical viewpoints. It is highly advantageous to have taken BIO-2B02 as well as BIO-2B06.
CELL BIOLOGY AND MECHANISMS OF DISEASE	BIO-3C18	20
This module is concerned with the structure and function of cells and it has a strong emphasis on experimental methodologies used to study cell dynamics. Topics to be covered include: DNA cloning and gene expression, microscopy and image analysis, cell junctions and communication, mechanics of cell division, cell signalling in motility, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix and tissue function, growth factors and proliferation and cell differentiation. The module also includes three demonstrations of current techniques used to study cells and review sessions where students have an opportunity to ask questions on aspects of cell biology.
CELLULAR SIGNALLING	BIO-3C03	20
The module deals with the mechanisms involved in signal recognition, transduction and response in animal cells. Topics include the molecular basis of receptor activation and the way in which this is interpreted either in changes in second messenger levels or in protein-protein interactions and ultimately in changes in protein kinase activities. The module then goes on to look at some of the effects on cell behaviour that result from signal input. (With the agreement of the module organiser, students who have taken BIO-2B01 but not BIO-2B06 may be allowed to take this module.)
COMMUNICATION AND TRANSPORT ACROSS BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES	BIO-3C02	20
The module will explore the experimental and computer-based methods for studying the structure and function of membrane proteins. The principles explored will be illustrated with examples of topical interest. The module will also consider the biosynthesis of integral membrane proteins and the mechanisms by which proteins are targeted into, or across, biological membranes. The structure, specialisation and differentiation of biological membranes will also be explored.
EVOLUTION IN HEALTH AND DISEASE	BIO-3C57	20
The module aims to provide an up-to-date and thought-provoking discussion about evolutionary medicine and the evolution of disease. The module will examine how evolutionary principles illuminate and provide fresh insight into a broad range of contemporary health problems including infectious, chronic and nutritional diseases and disorders. Topics are introduced in a multidisciplinary approach that takes into account the relationship between biology and society as it relates to understanding, treating, and preventing disease. Evidence will be presented that all aspects of the human condition have an evolutionary basis. The course will cover 4 broad areas: (i) principles of evolutionary medicine - humans in their evolutionary context, and discussion of the factors that drive evolutionary change; (ii) evolution and non-infectious diseases (cancer, lifestyles, ageing); (iii) evolution and infection (vaccines, antibiotics, pathogens, emerging diseases); (iv) personalised medicine and social context of evolutionary medicine.
EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION GENETICS	BIO-3C24	20
This module takes students from the fundamental tools of the molecular ecologist through to their use to address issues in the modern era of both evolutionary biology and conservation. Population genetic and phylogenetic theory and methodology are examined to provide the student with the critical means to both carry out and assess the use of modern molecular techniques in such areas as evolutionary biology, conservation genetics, behavioural ecology, and phylogeography.
FOOD DOMESTICATION AND SUSTAINABILITY	BIO-3C44	20
Scientists have recently been delivered with the challenge to double food production over the next 40 years in order to feed the population, without greatly increasing the area of land farmed, and with reduced input from fossil fuel energy. This provides challenges that include food safety (ensuring a sufficient food supply for a nation) and the challenge of food sustainability (ensuring there is sufficient energy to produce the food that is needed). The module addresses these challenges. An important starting point is the history and mechanism of food domestication, current practice, and the prospects and challenges for the future. In the practical element of the module, students will develop an energy, cost and productivity audit of different agricultural systems.
GENOMES, GENES AND GENOMICS	BIO-3C41	20
This module will provide a description of contemporary biological studies of genomes. There will be a focus on a molecular understanding of gene expression within organisms, with a particular emphasis on regulatory processes that affect expression at the genome level. Topics to be covered include comparative and functional genomics, organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, global regulation of genome expression and mechanisms involved in maintaining genome integrity. Lectures and the associated practical will also provide a thorough grounding in technologies that analyse genomes and their gene products.
HOST-PARASITE INTERACTIONS	BIO-3C47	20
The object of the module is to examine, from a evolutionary and ecological perspective, the complex interactions between parasites/diseases and their hosts and to show how the selection pressures that each side of these interactions impose lead to coevolutionary processes. We will take an overview of the role that such parasitic interactions may have played in the development of key biological traits, such as the evolution of sexual reproduction, and their current role in sexual selection. The module will include traditional parasitology (to set the scene and understand the complexity of the interactions), introducing the major groups of parasites and their hosts. We will examine the role of parasites and host-parasite interactions in evolution, drawing examples from conservation, behaviour, current research, theoretical predictions and models.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY	BIO-3C28	20
This module aims to provide a detailed coverage of the biology of selected infectious microorganisms, in the context of host responses to pathogens. The properties of organs, cells and molecules of the immune system are described, along with the mechanism of antibody diversity generation, and the exploitation of the immune response for vaccine development. Examples of microbiological pathogens are used to illustrate major virulence strategies. The impact of genomics on the study of infection, and on mechanisms used by pathogens to evade host responses will be discussed. The unit's theme is the molecular and cellular biology events at the host-pathogen interface.
MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY	BIO-3C09	20
Lectures cover various aspects of applied microbiology, focusing on microorganisms as sources of products. Specific topics are: batch and continuous culture of microorganisms, fermenter design, production of small molecules, metabolic engineering, protein secretion, fermentations for food, fungal biotechnology, antibiotic synthesis, biopolymers. A practical class and problems-based exercise introduce the principles and applications of different culture methods.
MICROBIAL CELL BIOLOGY	BIO-3C10	20
This unit describes how molecular genetics can analyse the microbial world. The power of genomics and post-genomics in revolutionising our understanding of bacterial diversity, physiology and other specialised properties will be highlighted. The ways in which bacteria, such as Caulobacter, Streptomyces and Bacillus form complex structures will be described in terms of complex cascades of gene regulation. The Unit also deals with bacterial response to stress and with prokaryotic behaviour, including chemotaxis, communication between cells and communication between bacteria and eukaryotes.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT	BIO-3C39	20
The aim of this unit is to provide a thorough understanding of the concepts and principles of developmental biology from bacteria through to vertebrates. Special emphasis will be placed on vertebrate developmental biology and where applicable this will be compared to human development. Students will gain an understanding of the molecular basis of pattern formation and morphogenetic events during embryogenesis.
MOLECULAR ENZYMOLOGY	BIO-3C01	20
The unit sets out to explain the molecular basis of the often complex catalytic mechanisms of enzymes in biological systems. Covered are the underlying principles of enzyme catalysis and techniques for the study of enzyme mechanism and structure. These provide a foundation for discussions of the mechanisms of specific enzyme families such as the aspartic proteinases (e.g. the HIV-1 proteinase), of enzymes involved in DNA replication and ATP synthesis. Many of the examples presented are of relevance in medicine. An extended practical based on the kinetics of a model enzyme, chymotrypsin, helps underpin concepts learnt in the unit.
MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS	BIO-3C20	20
Host-pathogen interactions are illustrated with examples of the molecular basis for the pathogenicity of viruses, bacteria and fungi towards plants. Emphasis is also given to the molecular recognition of pathogens by plants, to the intracellular signalling pathways that result in expression of plant disease resistance, and to the nature of resistance mechanisms. There is no pre-requisite for this module but knowledge of molecular biology and plant biology are advantages.
ORGANISMS AND ENVIRONMENT	BIO-3C45	20
This module examines responses to the individual plants and animals, and their populations, to important aspects of terrestrial and aquatic environments that are determinants of distribution and abundance. It investigates in depth the extent to which physiological, metabolic and morphological responses may confer evolutionary fitness, particularly in extreme environments. Some of the environmental constraints covered act by imposing deficiencies of essential resources or conditions (e.g. water, essential ions, oxygen, carbon, light and temperature), whereas others are the result of toxicity, either natural or resulting from human activity (e.g. metal ions, salinity, acidity and organic industrial pollutants). The module will lead you through more fundamental aspects of ecology to consider their application in seeking to meet the multiple challenges of pollution and climate change.
SCIENCE COMMUNICATION	BIO-3C6Y	20
This module aims to bring an understanding of how science is disseminated to the public. Students on the module will be made aware of the theories surrounding learning and communication. They will investigate science as a culture and how this culture interfaces with the public. Students will examine case studies in a variety of different scientific areas. They will look at how information is released in scientific literature and how this is subsequently picked up by the public press. They will gain an appreciation of how science information can be used to change public perception and how it can sometimes be misinterpreted. Students will also learn practical skills by designing, running and evaluating a public outreach event at a school or in a public area. OPEN TO ALL STUDENTS REGISTERED IN THE SCIENCE FACULTY.
SOCIAL EVOLUTION	BIO-3C38	20
Life is organised hierarchically. Genes aggregate in cells, cells aggregate in organisms, and organisms aggregate in societies. Recent developments in evolutionary biology have defined each step in the formation of this hierarchy as representing a major evolutionary transition in which a new type of individuality has arisen. Common principles of social evolution underlie evolution at each step in the hierarchy. Hence, the study of the evolution of altruism and cooperation has broadened out from the study of animal societies alone, and now embraces the fundamental hierarchical structure common to all life. This module will investigate this new vision of social evolution. It will consider which principles of social evolution underlie each hierarchical step and show how applying this approach illuminates our understanding of life's diversity and organisation, with examples ranging from intracellular selfish genetic elements to societies of insects and mammals.

Free Choice Study (20 credits)

Students will select modules worth 20 credits from the course catalogue with the approval of their School

This is the second year of your Level 3 study

Option A Study (60 credits)

Students will select 60 credits from the following modules:

Name	Code	Credits
CANCER BIOLOGY	BIO-3C27	20
This module deals with the concepts and principles of genetic analysis of cancer. The various roles of genes in development, apoptosis, the cell cycle, metastasis and angiogenesis are covered for example. A discussion on the potential of novel therapies concludes the module. This module takes advantage of several experts from the Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital. Students will thus gain an in-depth appreciation of cancer as a disease process from both the scientific and clinical viewpoints. It is highly advantageous to have taken BIO-2B02 as well as BIO-2B06.
CELL BIOLOGY AND MECHANISMS OF DISEASE	BIO-3C18	20
This module is concerned with the structure and function of cells and it has a strong emphasis on experimental methodologies used to study cell dynamics. Topics to be covered include: DNA cloning and gene expression, microscopy and image analysis, cell junctions and communication, mechanics of cell division, cell signalling in motility, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix and tissue function, growth factors and proliferation and cell differentiation. The module also includes three demonstrations of current techniques used to study cells and review sessions where students have an opportunity to ask questions on aspects of cell biology.
CELLULAR SIGNALLING	BIO-3C03	20
The module deals with the mechanisms involved in signal recognition, transduction and response in animal cells. Topics include the molecular basis of receptor activation and the way in which this is interpreted either in changes in second messenger levels or in protein-protein interactions and ultimately in changes in protein kinase activities. The module then goes on to look at some of the effects on cell behaviour that result from signal input. (With the agreement of the module organiser, students who have taken BIO-2B01 but not BIO-2B06 may be allowed to take this module.)
COMMUNICATION AND TRANSPORT ACROSS BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES	BIO-3C02	20
The module will explore the experimental and computer-based methods for studying the structure and function of membrane proteins. The principles explored will be illustrated with examples of topical interest. The module will also consider the biosynthesis of integral membrane proteins and the mechanisms by which proteins are targeted into, or across, biological membranes. The structure, specialisation and differentiation of biological membranes will also be explored.
DATA ANALYSIS	BIO-3D2Y	40
An alternative to the laboratory or field based project (BIO-3D1Y). The module involves the student undertaking their own rigorous analysis of existing biological data (either from the literature or from biological databases). The source of the data for analysis is provided by the project supervisor. The project report is usually submitted at the end of the Spring Semester. Projects may also be available for suitably qualified year long visiting students registered in BIO.
EVOLUTION IN HEALTH AND DISEASE	BIO-3C57	20
The module aims to provide an up-to-date and thought-provoking discussion about evolutionary medicine and the evolution of disease. The module will examine how evolutionary principles illuminate and provide fresh insight into a broad range of contemporary health problems including infectious, chronic and nutritional diseases and disorders. Topics are introduced in a multidisciplinary approach that takes into account the relationship between biology and society as it relates to understanding, treating, and preventing disease. Evidence will be presented that all aspects of the human condition have an evolutionary basis. The course will cover 4 broad areas: (i) principles of evolutionary medicine - humans in their evolutionary context, and discussion of the factors that drive evolutionary change; (ii) evolution and non-infectious diseases (cancer, lifestyles, ageing); (iii) evolution and infection (vaccines, antibiotics, pathogens, emerging diseases); (iv) personalised medicine and social context of evolutionary medicine.
EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION GENETICS	BIO-3C24	20
This module takes students from the fundamental tools of the molecular ecologist through to their use to address issues in the modern era of both evolutionary biology and conservation. Population genetic and phylogenetic theory and methodology are examined to provide the student with the critical means to both carry out and assess the use of modern molecular techniques in such areas as evolutionary biology, conservation genetics, behavioural ecology, and phylogeography.
FOOD DOMESTICATION AND SUSTAINABILITY	BIO-3C44	20
Scientists have recently been delivered with the challenge to double food production over the next 40 years in order to feed the population, without greatly increasing the area of land farmed, and with reduced input from fossil fuel energy. This provides challenges that include food safety (ensuring a sufficient food supply for a nation) and the challenge of food sustainability (ensuring there is sufficient energy to produce the food that is needed). The module addresses these challenges. An important starting point is the history and mechanism of food domestication, current practice, and the prospects and challenges for the future. In the practical element of the module, students will develop an energy, cost and productivity audit of different agricultural systems.
GENOMES, GENES AND GENOMICS	BIO-3C41	20
This module will provide a description of contemporary biological studies of genomes. There will be a focus on a molecular understanding of gene expression within organisms, with a particular emphasis on regulatory processes that affect expression at the genome level. Topics to be covered include comparative and functional genomics, organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, global regulation of genome expression and mechanisms involved in maintaining genome integrity. Lectures and the associated practical will also provide a thorough grounding in technologies that analyse genomes and their gene products.
HOST-PARASITE INTERACTIONS	BIO-3C47	20
The object of the module is to examine, from a evolutionary and ecological perspective, the complex interactions between parasites/diseases and their hosts and to show how the selection pressures that each side of these interactions impose lead to coevolutionary processes. We will take an overview of the role that such parasitic interactions may have played in the development of key biological traits, such as the evolution of sexual reproduction, and their current role in sexual selection. The module will include traditional parasitology (to set the scene and understand the complexity of the interactions), introducing the major groups of parasites and their hosts. We will examine the role of parasites and host-parasite interactions in evolution, drawing examples from conservation, behaviour, current research, theoretical predictions and models.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY	BIO-3C28	20
This module aims to provide a detailed coverage of the biology of selected infectious microorganisms, in the context of host responses to pathogens. The properties of organs, cells and molecules of the immune system are described, along with the mechanism of antibody diversity generation, and the exploitation of the immune response for vaccine development. Examples of microbiological pathogens are used to illustrate major virulence strategies. The impact of genomics on the study of infection, and on mechanisms used by pathogens to evade host responses will be discussed. The unit's theme is the molecular and cellular biology events at the host-pathogen interface.
MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY	BIO-3C09	20
Lectures cover various aspects of applied microbiology, focusing on microorganisms as sources of products. Specific topics are: batch and continuous culture of microorganisms, fermenter design, production of small molecules, metabolic engineering, protein secretion, fermentations for food, fungal biotechnology, antibiotic synthesis, biopolymers. A practical class and problems-based exercise introduce the principles and applications of different culture methods.
MICROBIAL CELL BIOLOGY	BIO-3C10	20
This unit describes how molecular genetics can analyse the microbial world. The power of genomics and post-genomics in revolutionising our understanding of bacterial diversity, physiology and other specialised properties will be highlighted. The ways in which bacteria, such as Caulobacter, Streptomyces and Bacillus form complex structures will be described in terms of complex cascades of gene regulation. The Unit also deals with bacterial response to stress and with prokaryotic behaviour, including chemotaxis, communication between cells and communication between bacteria and eukaryotes.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT	BIO-3C39	20
The aim of this unit is to provide a thorough understanding of the concepts and principles of developmental biology from bacteria through to vertebrates. Special emphasis will be placed on vertebrate developmental biology and where applicable this will be compared to human development. Students will gain an understanding of the molecular basis of pattern formation and morphogenetic events during embryogenesis.
MOLECULAR ENZYMOLOGY	BIO-3C01	20
The unit sets out to explain the molecular basis of the often complex catalytic mechanisms of enzymes in biological systems. Covered are the underlying principles of enzyme catalysis and techniques for the study of enzyme mechanism and structure. These provide a foundation for discussions of the mechanisms of specific enzyme families such as the aspartic proteinases (e.g. the HIV-1 proteinase), of enzymes involved in DNA replication and ATP synthesis. Many of the examples presented are of relevance in medicine. An extended practical based on the kinetics of a model enzyme, chymotrypsin, helps underpin concepts learnt in the unit.
MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS	BIO-3C20	20
Host-pathogen interactions are illustrated with examples of the molecular basis for the pathogenicity of viruses, bacteria and fungi towards plants. Emphasis is also given to the molecular recognition of pathogens by plants, to the intracellular signalling pathways that result in expression of plant disease resistance, and to the nature of resistance mechanisms. There is no pre-requisite for this module but knowledge of molecular biology and plant biology are advantages.
ORGANISMS AND ENVIRONMENT	BIO-3C45	20
This module examines responses to the individual plants and animals, and their populations, to important aspects of terrestrial and aquatic environments that are determinants of distribution and abundance. It investigates in depth the extent to which physiological, metabolic and morphological responses may confer evolutionary fitness, particularly in extreme environments. Some of the environmental constraints covered act by imposing deficiencies of essential resources or conditions (e.g. water, essential ions, oxygen, carbon, light and temperature), whereas others are the result of toxicity, either natural or resulting from human activity (e.g. metal ions, salinity, acidity and organic industrial pollutants). The module will lead you through more fundamental aspects of ecology to consider their application in seeking to meet the multiple challenges of pollution and climate change.
RESEARCH PROJECT	BIO-3D1Y	40
Open to all BIO finalists (or BIO-3D2Y, Data Analysis, or BIO-3C40, Scientific Research Skills) except those on C180/2/3/4 (who take BIO-3C9Y). Projects involve extensive data collection, either in the laboratory or field, of a particular topic supervised by a member of staff of BIO or an affiliated institute. Topics are chosen in consultation with the supervisor. The project report is submitted at the end of the Spring Semester. Projects may also be available for suitably qualified year long visiting students registered in BIO.
SCIENCE COMMUNICATION	BIO-3C6Y	20
This module aims to bring an understanding of how science is disseminated to the public. Students on the module will be made aware of the theories surrounding learning and communication. They will investigate science as a culture and how this culture interfaces with the public. Students will examine case studies in a variety of different scientific areas. They will look at how information is released in scientific literature and how this is subsequently picked up by the public press. They will gain an appreciation of how science information can be used to change public perception and how it can sometimes be misinterpreted. Students will also learn practical skills by designing, running and evaluating a public outreach event at a school or in a public area. OPEN TO ALL STUDENTS REGISTERED IN THE SCIENCE FACULTY.
SOCIAL EVOLUTION	BIO-3C38	20
Life is organised hierarchically. Genes aggregate in cells, cells aggregate in organisms, and organisms aggregate in societies. Recent developments in evolutionary biology have defined each step in the formation of this hierarchy as representing a major evolutionary transition in which a new type of individuality has arisen. Common principles of social evolution underlie evolution at each step in the hierarchy. Hence, the study of the evolution of altruism and cooperation has broadened out from the study of animal societies alone, and now embraces the fundamental hierarchical structure common to all life. This module will investigate this new vision of social evolution. It will consider which principles of social evolution underlie each hierarchical step and show how applying this approach illuminates our understanding of life's diversity and organisation, with examples ranging from intracellular selfish genetic elements to societies of insects and mammals.

Disclaimer

Whilst the University will make every effort to offer the modules listed, changes may sometimes be made arising from the annual monitoring, review and update of modules and regular (five-yearly) review of course programmes. Where this activity leads to significant (but not minor) changes to programmes and their constituent modules, there will normally be prior consultation of students and others. It is also possible that the University may not be able to offer a module for reasons outside of its control, such as the illness of a member of staff or sabbatical leave. Where this is the case, the University will endeavour to inform students.

Entry Requirements

A Level:: ABB to include Biology
International Baccalaureate:: 32 points including 3 HL Subjects at Grade 5 including Biology
Scottish Highers:: AABBB including Biology and one other science subject.
Scottish Advanced Highers:: ABB including Biology. Other Sciences at Advanced Higher level would confer an advantage
Irish Leaving Certificate:: AABBBB at higher level including Biology and at least two other science subjects
Access Course:: See below
HND:: Please contact university for further information
European Baccalaureate:: 75% overall, including 7.5 in Biology

Students for whom English is a Foreign language

We welcome applications from students from all academic backgrounds. We require evidence of proficiency in English (including writing, speaking, listening and reading). Recognised English Language qualifications include:

IELTS: 6. overall (minimum 5.5 in any component)
TOEFL: Internet-based score of 78 overall (minimum 20 in Speaking component, 17 in Writing and Listening components and 18 in Reading components.
PTE: 55 overall (minimum 51 in any component).

If you do not meet the University's entry requirements, our INTO Language Learning Centre offers a range of university preparation courses to help you develop the high level of academic and English skills necessary for successful undergraduate study.

Interviews

The majority of candidates will not be called for an interview. However, for some students an interview will be requested. These are normally quite informal and generally cover topics such as your current studies, reasons for choosing the course and your personal interests and extra-curricular activities.

Gap Year

We welcome applications from students who have already taken or intend to take a gap year, believing that a year between school and university can be of substantial benefit. You are advised to indicate your reason for wishing to defer entry and may wish to contact the appropriate Admissions Office directly to discuss this further.

Special Entry Requirements

A2-level Biology is required for this course. In addition to this, applicants are asked to have two other A2-level subjects. General Studies and Critical Thinking are not accepted.

GCSE Grade B in Mathematics and Grade C in English Language is required.

Intakes

The School's annual intake is in September of each year.

Alternative Qualifications

We encourage you to apply if you have alternative qualifications equivalent to our stated entry requirement. Please contact us for further information.

Pass the Access to HE Diploma with Distinction in 36 credits at Level 3 and Merit in 9 credits at Level 3, including 12 Level 3 credits in Biology.

GCSE Offer

Students are required to have GCSE Mathematics at Grade B and English Language at Grade C.

Fees and Funding

Undergraduate University Fees

We are committed to ensuring that Tuition Fees do not act as a barrier to those aspiring to come to a world leading university and have developed a funding package to reward those with excellent qualifications and assist those from lower income backgrounds. Full time UK/EU students starting an undergraduate degree course in 2013 will be charged a tuition fee of £9,000. The level of fee may be subject to yearly increases. Full time International students starting an undergraduate degree course in 2013 will be charged a tuition fee of £14,400. The level of fee may be subject to yearly increases.

Students starting a part-time undergraduate course at the University of East Anglia from 2013 will be subject to the new £9,000 fee rate on a pro-rata basis. Part-time students will be able to apply for a Tuition Fee Loan to cover the cost of their course fees. The Tuition Fee Loan will replace the previous means-tested Fee Grant and Study Grant. The Fee Loan will not be means-tested.

For more information on part-time funding please see the Government Student Finance website.

Scholarships and Bursaries

Home/EU - The University of East Anglia offers a range of Bursaries and Scholarships. To check if you are eligible please visit http://www.uea.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/finance/university-financial-support

International Students - The University offers around £1 million of Scholarships each year to support International students in their studies. Scholarships are normally awarded to students on the basis of academic merit and are usually for the duration of the period of study. Our University international pages gives you more details about preparation for studying with us, including Fees and Funding http://www.uea.ac.uk/international

Applying for Part-Time Degrees

The University of East Anglia offers some of its undergraduate degrees on a part-time basis. Applications are made directly to the University: More information and an application form can be found at our Part-Time Study pages. For further information on the part-time application process, please contact our Admissions Office at admissions@uea.ac.uk.

Each year we hold a series of Open Days, where potential applicants to our Undergraduate courses can come and visit the university to learn more about the courses they are interested in, meet current students and staff and tour our campus. If you decide to apply for a course and are made an offer, you will be invited to a School specific Visit Day. Applicants may be invited for interview or audition for some courses.

For enquiries about the content of the degree or your qualifications please contact Admissions at 01603 591515 or email admissions@uea.ac.uk We can then direct your enquiry to the relevant department to assist you.