The Copyright Act defines certain permitted acts in relation to intellectual property for which the explicit consent of the copyright owner is not needed. Anything that is not a permitted act can only be done with permission obtained either directly from the copyright owner or through an agency acting on the owner’s behalf.
The use of copyright agencies and copyright clearance centres has grown significantly in recent years, together with licensing schemes to streamline the permissions process. As well as operating licensing schemes, copyright agencies collect and distribute fees or royalties on behalf of their members and police the use of intellectual property covered by their terms of reference.
UEA is licensed by the following:
The COPYRIGHT LICENSING AGENCY (CLA), for reprographic copying and scanning from books, periodicals and some foreign newspapers. Most UK publishers and a number of US publishers authorise the CLA to act on their behalf. Lists of UK publications excluded from the licence, and US publishers included, are held by the copyright co-ordinator. Notices about the scope of CLA licence are displayed adjacent to all reprographic equipment on campus.
The CLA licence applies to multiple copying of single excerpts from works and the production of courseware. It covers copying by all staff, and all UEA students recorded in the HESA (Higher Education Statistics Agency) statistics
The NEWSPAPER LICENSING AGENCY (NLA), for reprographic copying from UK national newspapers and some local (East Anglian) newspapers. The licence covers multiple copying and the circulation or display on campus of reprographic copies (single as well as multiple) by all members of the University, and all educational uses of the material copied.
The DESIGNERS’ AND ARTISTS’ COPYRIGHT SOCIETY (DACS), for the making of slides (including OHPs) of works of art, both original and in reproduction. The latter includes the making of slides from illustrations in books and periodicals. Only those departments which have been registered are covered by the licence. These are WAM, EAS and HIST. Other departments wishing to register or seeking information on the terms of the licence should contact the copyright co-ordinator. Slides made of works covered by the licence have to be logged. Local returns are fed into a central database maintained by the copyright co-ordinator, who is also responsible for making the half-yearly returns to DACS. Note that this licence does not cover photocopying and scanning of images. Photocopying of images is covered by the CLA licence.
The EDUCATIONAL RECORDING AGENCY (ERA), for off-air recording of broadcasts by BBC, ITV, and Channel 4. The licence covers the recording of all unencrypted broadcasts, excluding Open University programmes. Copies of a booklet describing the scheme are available from the copyright co-ordinator. The licence is based on student numbers and funded centrally. It covers all staff and students of the University. It does not cover the copying of recordings.
The OPEN UNIVERSITY for off-air recording of OU broadcasts. The licence is based on usage and recordings must be logged. The Copyright Coordinator is responsible for making an annual return to the OU and also holds a copy of the current calendar of broadcasts. Log-sheets for internal use are available from the copyright co-ordinator. They incorporate a summary of the terms of the licence.
The ORDNANCE SURVEY for multiple copying from OS maps. The licence permits multiple copies to be made for educational purposes of an area of the map approximately equivalent to A4 or A3, depending on the scale of the original. It applies to hard copy only and does not cover copying from digital maps. The licence covers all UEA staff and students.
The BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, for its maps and other products. The licence covers members of the School of Environmental Sciences only, and the terms and conditions can be seen on the BGS website.
PHONOGRAPHIC PERFORMANCE Ltd, for the playing of sound recordings in public areas (including accompaniment to aerobics classes and the like!). For further information contact Registry Services.
