Prof David Livermore
| Job Title | Contact | Location |
|---|---|---|
| Professor in Medical Microbiology |
D dot Livermore at uea dot ac dot uk
Tel: +44 (0)1603 59 7568 |
Research Park In |
Biography
David Livermore gained his BSc in 1978 and his PhD in 1983. He worked at the London Hospital Medical College from 1980 until 1997, when he joined the Health Protection Agency, becoming Director of its Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring and Reference Laboratory in 1998. In October 2011, he became Professor of Medical Microbiology at the University of East Anglia, but with 30% of this time supplied back to the Health Protection Agency as its Lead on Antibiotic Resistance.
He has broad interests in the evolution and dissemination of antibiotic resistance and its relationship to antibiotic prescribing. b-Lactamases are a particular interest, with recent work on the proliferation of ‘CTX-M’ extended-spectrum enzymes and carbapenemases, particularly NDM-1, which received extensive media coverage in 2010.
Prof Livermore sits on the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy working parties on resistance surveillance, multi-resistant pathogens and susceptibility testing and its Antibiotic Action advisory board, also on the Society for General Microbiology working group on sexually transmitted infections. He ‘horizon scans’ on emerging resistance threats for the Government’s Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Committee and has contributed extensively to the CMO’s Annual Report for 2012. He publishes and speaks widely on resistance and has edited for several journals including Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy and Journal of Medical Microbiology and, currently, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents.
Outside of work, he is a keen walker, has walked the perimeter of Norfolk and all the east coast from Skegness to (so far!) Dunwich.
Academic Background
1983 PhD, Medical Microbiology, University of London. Thesis: Resistance mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to b-lactam antibiotics.
2003 State-Registered Clinical Scientist, Health Professions Council (CS1358).
Key Research Interests
My early research centred on β-lactamases, and I showed how an apparently weak activity could protect a bacterium if the enzyme had high affinity and the β-lactam permeated only slowly. This led to showing that models describing the interplay of β-lactamase and permeability were adequate for Escherichia coli but not Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and I contributed to work revealing that this inadequacy was because P. aeruginosa also effluxes β-lactams. Other early work explored the induction of AmpC b-lactamases and the selection of AmpC-derepressed mutants from AmpC-inducible populations of Enterobacter and P. aeruginosa, showing selection to be the more important factor. I have been responsible for describing and investigating the properties of many new β-lactamases, including those conferring resistance to carbapenems – the last reserve b-lactams against many otherwise multiresistant bacteria.
My work increasingly spread from the mechanisms of resistance to its epidemiology. At the UK Health Protection Agency I led groups that demonstrated the dramatic rises in MRSA in the late 1990s, ciprofloxacin-resistant gonococci around 2002-3, carbapenemase-resistant Acinetobacter spp. and cephalosporin-resistant E. coli from around 2003 and the recent rise in carbapenemases, partly linked to the repeated import of strains with NDM-1 enzyme via patients previously hospitalised on the Indian subcontinent.
Current major areas of interest include (i) the extent of gut carriage of resistant bacteria, and the extent to which this provides a reservoir for future infections; (ii) the development of rapid detection methods for resistance – as these would allow the swifter optimisation of a patient’s therapy and (iii) the relationship between antibiotic resistance, as found by the laboratory, and the patient’s treatment outcome.
Teaching Interests
Article
Hernandez, V, Crepin, T, Palencia, A, Cusack, S, Akama, T, Baker, SJ, Bu, W, Feng, L, Freund, YR, Liu, L, Meewan, M, Mohan, M, Mao, W, Rock, FL, Sexton, H, Sheoran, A, Zhang, Y, Zhang, YK, Zhou, Y, Nieman, JA, Anugula, MR, Keramane, EM, Savariraj, K, Reddy, DS, Sharma, R, Subedi, R, Singh, R, O'Leary, A, Simon, NL, De Marsh, PL, Mushtaq, S, Warner, M, Livermore, DM, Alley, MRK and Plattner, JJ (2013) Discovery of a Novel Class of Boron-Based Antibacterials with Activity Against Gram-Negative Bacteria. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 57 (3). pp. 1394-1403. ISSN 0066-4804
Hope, R, Chaudhry, A, Adkin, R and Livermore, DM (2013) In Vitro Activity of Telavancin and Comparators Against Selected Groups of Gram-positive Cocci. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 41 (3). pp. 213-217. ISSN 09248579
Livermore, DM, Mushtaq, S, Morinaka, A, Ida, T, Maebashi, K and Hope, R (2013) Activity of Carbapenems with ME1071 (disodium 2,3-diethylmaleate) Against Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter spp. with Carbapenemases, Including NDM Enzymes. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 68 (1). pp. 153-158. ISSN 0305-7453
Yoshizumi, A, Livermore, DM, Woodford, N, Kimura, S, Saga, T, Harada, S, Yamaguchi, K and Tateda, K (2012) Efficacies of Calcium-EDTA in Combination with Imipenem in a Murine Model of Sepsis Caused by Escherichia Coli with NDM-1 ß-Lactamase. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy. (In Press)
Al-Agamy, MH, Shibl, AM, Tawfik, AF, Elkhizzi, NA and Livermore, DM (2012) Extended-Spectrum and Metallo-Beta-Lactamases Among Ceftazidime-Resistant <I>Pseudomonas Aeruginosa</I> in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Chemotherapy, 24 (2). pp. 97-100. ISSN 1120009X
Brown, CS, Chand, MA, Hoffman, P, Woodford, N, Livermore, DM, Brailsford, S, Gharbia, S, Small, N, Billingham, E, Zambon, M and Grant, K (2012) Possible Contamination of Organ Preservation Fluid with Bacillus Cereus: The United Kingdom Response. Eurosurveillance, 17 (18).
Canton, R, Akóva, M, Carmeli, Y, Giske, CG, Glupczynski, Y, Gniadkowski, M, Livermore, DM, Miriagou, V, Naas, T, Rossolini, GM, Samuelsen, Ø, Seifert, H, Woodford, N and Nordmann, P (2012) Rapid Evolution and Spread of Carbapenemases among Enterobacteriaceae in Europe. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 18 (5). pp. 413-431. ISSN 1198743X
Dhanji, H, Khan, P, Cottell, JL, Piddock, LJV, Zhang, J, Livermore, DM and Woodford, N (2012) Dissemination of pCT-Like IncK Plasmids Harbouring CTX-M-14 Extended-Spectrum -Lactamase Among Clinical Escherichia Coli Isolates in the United Kingdom. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 56 (6). pp. 3376-3377. ISSN 0066-4804
Dimou, V, Dhanji, H, Pike, R, Livermore, DM and Woodford, N (2012) Characterization of Enterobacteriaceae Producing OXA-48-like Carbapenemases in the UK. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 67 (7). pp. 1660-1665. ISSN 0305-7453
Hawkey, PM and Livermore, DM (2012) Carbapenem Antibiotics for Serious Infections. BMJ, 344 (may31 1). e3236-e3236. ISSN 1756-1833
Livermore, DM (2012) Fourteen Years in Resistance. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 39 (4). pp. 283-294. ISSN 09248579
Livermore, DM (2012) Current Epidemiology and Growing Resistance of Gram-Negative Pathogens. The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine, 27 (2). p. 128. ISSN 1226-3303
Livermore, DM, Andrews, JM, Hawkey, PM, Ho, PL, Keness, Y, Doi, Y, Paterson, D and Woodford, N (2012) Are Susceptibility Tests Enough, or Should Laboratories Still Seek ESBLs and Carbapenemases Directly? Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 67 (7). pp. 1569-1577. ISSN 0305-7453
Livermore, DM, Mushtaq, S, Barker, K, Hope, R, Warner, M and Woodford, N (2012) Characterization of -Lactamase and Porin Mutants of Enterobacteriaceae Selected with Ceftaroline + Avibactam (NXL104). Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 67 (6). pp. 1354-1358. ISSN 0305-7453
Memish, ZA, Shibl, AM, Kambal, AM, Ohaly, YA, Ishaq, A and Livermore, DM (2012) Antimicrobial Resistance Among Non-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacteria in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 67 (7). pp. 1701-1705. ISSN 0305-7453
Reynolds, R, Hope, R, Warner, M, MacGowan, AP, Livermore, DM and Ellington, MJ (2012) Lack of Upward Creep of Glycopeptide MICs for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Isolated in the UK and Ireland 2001-07. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 67 (12). pp. 2912-2918. ISSN 0305-7453
Shibl, AM, Al-Agamy, MH, Khubnani, H, Senok, AC, Tawfik, AF and Livermore, DM (2012) High Prevalence of Acquired Quinolone-Resistance Genes Among Enterobacteriaceae from Saudi Arabia with CTX-M-15 β-Lactamase. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 73 (4). pp. 350-353. ISSN 07328893
Yezli, S, Shibl, AM, Livermore, DM and Memish, ZA (2012) Antimicrobial Resistance Among Gram-positive Pathogens in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Chemotherapy, 24 (3). pp. 125-136. ISSN 1120009X
Woodford, N, Turton, JF and Livermore, DM (2011) Multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria: the role of high-risk clones in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 35 (5). pp. 736-755. ISSN 01686445
Hawser, SP, Bouchillon, SK, Lascols, C, Hackel, M, Hoban, DJ, Badal, RE, Woodford, N and Livermore, DM (2011) Susceptibility of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Intra-Abdominal Infections and Molecular Characterization of Ertapenem-Resistant Isolates. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 55 (8). pp. 3917-3921. ISSN 0066-4804
Beceiro, A., Llobet, E., Aranda, J., Bengoechea, J. A., Doumith, M., Hornsey, M., Dhanji, H., Chart, H., Bou, G., Livermore, DM and Woodford, N. (2011) Phosphoethanolamine Modification of Lipid A in Colistin-Resistant Variants of Acinetobacter baumannii Mediated by the pmrAB Two-Component Regulatory System. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 55 (7). pp. 3370-3379. ISSN 0066-4804
Hornsey, M., Loman, N., Wareham, D. W., Ellington, M. J., Pallen, M. J., Turton, J. F., Underwood, A., Gaulton, T., Thomas, C. P., Doumith, M., Livermore, DM and Woodford, N. (2011) Whole-genome comparison of two Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from a single patient, where resistance developed during tigecycline therapy. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 66 (7). pp. 1499-1503. ISSN 0305-7453
Dhanji, H., Patel, R., Wall, R., Doumith, M., Patel, B., Hope, R., Livermore, DM and Woodford, N. (2011) Variation in the genetic environments of blaCTX-M-15 in Escherichia coli from the faeces of travellers returning to the United Kingdom. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 66 (5). pp. 1005-1012. ISSN 0305-7453
Walsh, TR, Weeks, J, Livermore, DM and Toleman, MA (2011) Dissemination of NDM-1 positive bacteria in the New Delhi environment and its implications for human health: an environmental point prevalence study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 11 (5). pp. 355-362. ISSN 14733099
Dhanji, H., Murphy, N. M., Akhigbe, C., Doumith, M., Hope, R., Livermore, DM and Woodford, N. (2011) Isolation of fluoroquinolone-resistant O25b:H4-ST131 Escherichia coli with CTX-M-14 extended-spectrum -lactamase from UK river water. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 66 (3). pp. 512-516. ISSN 0305-7453
Wilson, J., Elgohari, S., Livermore, DM, Cookson, B., Johnson, A., Lamagni, T., Chronias, A. and Sheridan, E. (2011) Trends among pathogens reported as causing bacteraemia in England, 2004-2008. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 17 (3). pp. 451-458. ISSN 1198743X
Dhanji, H., Doumith, M., Rooney, P. J., O'Leary, M. C., Loughrey, A. C., Hope, R., Woodford, N. and Livermore, DM (2011) Molecular epidemiology of fluoroquinolone-resistant ST131 Escherichia coli producing CTX-M extended-spectrum -lactamases in nursing homes in Belfast, UK. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 66 (2). pp. 297-303. ISSN 0305-7453
Livermore, DM, Mushtaq, S., Warner, M., Zhang, J., Maharjan, S., Doumith, M. and Woodford, N. (2011) Activities of NXL104 Combinations with Ceftazidime and Aztreonam against Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 55 (1). pp. 390-394. ISSN 0066-4804
Livermore, DM, Mushtaq, S., Warner, M., Zhang, J.- C., Maharjan, S., Doumith, M. and Woodford, N. (2011) Activity of aminoglycosides, including ACHN-490, against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 66 (1). pp. 48-53. ISSN 0305-7453
Beceiro, A, Maharjan, S, Gaulton, T, Doumith, M, Soares, NC, Dhanji, H, Warner, M, Doyle, M, Hickey, M, Downie, G, Bou, G, Livermore, DM and Woodford, N (2011) False extended-spectrum -lactamase phenotype in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli associated with increased expression of OXA-1 or TEM-1 penicillinases and loss of porins. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 66 (9). pp. 2006-2010. ISSN 0305-7453
Dhanji, H, Doumith, M, Hope, R, Livermore, DM and Woodford, N (2011) ISEcp1-mediated transposition of linked blaCTX-M-3 and blaTEM-1b from the IncI1 plasmid pEK204 found in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli from Belfast, UK. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 66 (10). pp. 2263-2265. ISSN 0305-7453
Livermore, DM, Blaser, M, Carrs, O, Cassell, G, Fishman, N, Guidos, R, Levy, S, Powers, J, Norrby, R, Tillotson, G, Davies, R, Projan, S, Dawson, A, Monnet, D, Keogh-Brown, M, Hand, K, Garner, S, Findlay, D, Morel, C, Wise, R, Bax, R, Burke, F, Chopra, I, Czaplewski, L, Finch, R, Piddock, LJV and White, T (2011) Discovery Research: The Scientific Challenge of Finding New Antibiotics. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 66 (9). pp. 1941-1944. ISSN 0305-7453
Mushtaq, S, Irfan, S, Sarma, JB, Doumith, M, Pike, R, Pitout, J, Livermore, DM and Woodford, N (2011) Phylogenetic diversity of Escherichia coli strains producing NDM-type carbapenemases. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 66 (9). pp. 2002-2005. ISSN 0305-7453
Perry, J, Naqvi, SH, Mirza, IA, Alizai, SA, Hussain, A, Ghirardi, S, Orenga, S, Wilkinson, K, Woodford, N, Zhang, J, Livermore, DM, Abbasi, SA and Raza, MW (2011) Prevalence of Faecal Carriage of Enterobacteriaceae with NDM-1 Carbapenemase at Military Hospitals in Pakistan, and Evaluation of Two Chromogenic Media. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 66 (10). pp. 2288-2294. ISSN 0305-7453
Stone, NRH, Woodford, N, Livermore, DM, Howard, J, Pike, R, Mushtaq, S, Perry, C and Hopkins, S (2011) Breakthrough bacteraemia due to tigecycline-resistant Escherichia coli with New Delhi metallo- -lactamase (NDM)-1 successfully treated with colistin in a patient with calciphylaxis. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 66 (11). pp. 2677-2678. ISSN 0305-7453
Webster, DP, Young, BC, Morton, R, Collyer, D, Batchelor, B, Turton, JF, Maharjan, S, Livermore, DM, Bejon, P, Cookson, BD and Bowler, ICJW (2011) Impact of a Clonal Outbreak of Extended-Spectrum -Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae in the Development and Evolution of Bloodstream Infections by K. Pneumoniae and Escherichia Coli: An 11 year experience in Oxfordshire, UK. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 66 (9). pp. 2126-2135. ISSN 0305-7453
Chisholm, S. A., Mouton, J. W., Lewis, D. A., Nichols, T., Ison, C. A. and Livermore, DM (2010) Cephalosporin MIC creep among gonococci: time for a pharmacodynamic rethink? Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 65 (10). pp. 2141-2148. ISSN 0305-7453
Kumarasamy, KK, Toleman, MA, Walsh, TR, Bagaria, J, Butt, F, Balakrishnan, R, Chaudhary, U, Doumith, M, Giske, CG, Irfan, S, Krishnan, P, Kumar, AV, Maharjan, S, Mushtaq, S, Noorie, T, Paterson, DL, Pearson, A, Perry, C, Pike, R, Rao, B, Ray, U, Sarma, JB, Sharma, M, Sheridan, E, Thirunarayan, MA, Turton, J, Upadhyay, S, Warner, M, Welfare, W, Livermore, DM and Woodford, N (2010) Emergence of a new antibiotic resistance mechanism in India, Pakistan, and the UK: a molecular, biological, and epidemiological study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 10 (9). pp. 597-602. ISSN 14733099
Hornsey, M., Ellington, M. J., Doumith, M., Thomas, C. P., Gordon, N. C., Wareham, D. W., Quinn, J., Lolans, K., Livermore, DM and Woodford, N. (2010) AdeABC-mediated efflux and tigecycline MICs for epidemic clones of Acinetobacter baumannii. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 65 (8). pp. 1589-1593. ISSN 0305-7453
Woodford, N., Eastaway, A. T., Ford, M., Leanord, A., Keane, C., Quayle, R. M., Steer, J. A., Zhang, J. and Livermore, DM (2010) Comparison of BD Phoenix, Vitek 2, and MicroScan Automated Systems for Detection and Inference of Mechanisms Responsible for Carbapenem Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 48 (8). pp. 2999-3002. ISSN 0095-1137
Mushtaq, S., Warner, M., Williams, G., Critchley, I. and Livermore, DM (2010) Activity of chequerboard combinations of ceftaroline and NXL104 versus -lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 65 (7). pp. 1428-1432. ISSN 0305-7453
Tomas, M., Doumith, M., Warner, M., Turton, J. F., Beceiro, A., Bou, G., Livermore, DM and Woodford, N. (2010) Efflux Pumps, OprD Porin, AmpC -Lactamase, and Multiresistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 54 (5). pp. 2219-2224. ISSN 0066-4804
Ellington, M. J., Hope, R., Livermore, DM, Kearns, A. M., Henderson, K., Cookson, B. D., Pearson, A. and Johnson, A. P. (2010) Decline of EMRSA-16 amongst methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus causing bacteraemias in the UK between 2001 and 2007. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 65 (3). pp. 446-448. ISSN 0305-7453
Hill, R. L. R., Kearns, A. M., Nash, J., North, S. E., Pike, R., Newson, T., Woodford, N., Calver, R. and Livermore, DM (2010) Linezolid-resistant ST36 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus associated with prolonged linezolid treatment in two paediatric cystic fibrosis patients. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 65 (3). pp. 442-445. ISSN 0305-7453
Hornsey, M., Ellington, M. J., Doumith, M., Hudson, S., Livermore, DM and Woodford, N. (2010) Tigecycline resistance in Serratia marcescens associated with up-regulation of the SdeXY-HasF efflux system also active against ciprofloxacin and cefpirome. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 65 (3). pp. 479-482. ISSN 0305-7453
Aschbacher, R., Pagani, L., Doumith, M., Pike, R., Woodford, N., Spoladore, G., Larcher, C. and Livermore, DM (2010) Metallo-β-lactamases among Enterobacteriaceae from routine samples in an Italian tertiary-care hospital and long-term care facilities during 2008. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 17 (2). pp. 181-189. ISSN 1198743X
Livermore, DM, Hill, RLR, Thomson, H, Charlett, A, Turton, JF, Pike, R, Patel, BC, Manuel, R, Gillespie, S and Balakrishnan, I (2010) Antimicrobial treatment and clinical outcome for infections with carbapenem- and multiply-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii around London. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 35 (1). pp. 19-24. ISSN 09248579
Livermore, DM (2009) β -Lactamases- the Threat Renews. Current Protein and Peptide Science, 10 (5). pp. 397-400. ISSN 13892037
Woodford, N., Carattoli, A., Karisik, E., Underwood, A., Ellington, M. J. and Livermore, DM (2009) Complete Nucleotide Sequences of Plasmids pEK204, pEK499, and pEK516, Encoding CTX-M Enzymes in Three Major Escherichia coli Lineages from the United Kingdom, All Belonging to the International O25:H4-ST131 Clone. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 53 (10). pp. 4472-4482. ISSN 0066-4804
Rooney, P. J., O'Leary, M. C., Loughrey, A. C., McCalmont, M., Smyth, B., Donaghy, P., Badri, M., Woodford, N., Karisik, E. and Livermore, DM (2009) Nursing homes as a reservoir of extended-spectrum -lactamase (ESBL)-producing ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 64 (3). pp. 635-641. ISSN 0305-7453
Woodford, N and Livermore, DM (2009) Infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria: a review of the global challenge. The Journal of Infection, 59 (Suppl 1). S4-S16. ISSN 0163-4453
March, A., Aschbacher, R., Dhanji, H., Livermore, DM, Böttcher, A., Sleghel, F., Maggi, S., Noale, M., Larcher, C. and Woodford, N. (2009) Colonization of residents and staff of a long-term-care facility and adjacent acute-care hospital geriatric unit by multiresistant bacteria. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 16 (7). pp. 934-944. ISSN 1198743X
Lee, K, Kim, M-N, Choi, TY, Cho, S-E, Lee, S, Whang, DH, Yong, D, Chong, Y, Woodford, N and Livermore, DM (2009) Wide dissemination of OXA-type carbapenemases in clinical Acinetobacter spp. isolates from South Korea. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 33 (6). pp. 520-524. ISSN 09248579
Doumith, M., Ellington, M. J., Livermore, DM and Woodford, N. (2009) Molecular mechanisms disrupting porin expression in ertapenem-resistant Klebsiella and Enterobacter spp. clinical isolates from the UK. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 63 (4). pp. 659-667. ISSN 0305-7453
Livermore, DM, Mushtaq, S., Warner, M. and Woodford, N. (2009) Activity of oxazolidinone TR-700 against linezolid-susceptible and -resistant staphylococci and enterococci. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 63 (4). pp. 713-715. ISSN 0305-7453
Lu, P.-L., Doumith, M., Livermore, DM, Chen, T.-P. and Woodford, N. (2009) Diversity of carbapenem resistance mechanisms in Acinetobacter baumannii from a Taiwan hospital: spread of plasmid-borne OXA-72 carbapenemase. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 63 (4). pp. 641-647. ISSN 0305-7453
Bean, D. C., Livermore, DM and Hall, L. M. C. (2009) Plasmids Imparting Sulfonamide Resistance in Escherichia coli: Implications for Persistence. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 53 (3). pp. 1088-1093. ISSN 0066-4804
Lau, S. H., Kaufmann, M. E., Livermore, DM, Woodford, N., Willshaw, G. A., Cheasty, T., Stamper, K., Reddy, S., Cheesbrough, J., Bolton, F. J., Fox, A. J. and Upton, M. (2008) UK epidemic Escherichia coli strains A-E, with CTX-M-15 -lactamase, all belong to the international O25:H4-ST131 clone. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 62 (6). pp. 1241-1244. ISSN 0305-7453
Woodford, N., Zhang, J., Warner, M., Kaufmann, M. E., Matos, J., MacDonald, A., Brudney, D., Sompolinsky, D., Navon-Venezia, S. and Livermore, DM (2008) Arrival of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing KPC carbapenemase in the United Kingdom. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 62 (6). pp. 1261-1264. ISSN 0305-7453
Livermore, DM (2008) Future directions with daptomycin. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 62 (Supplement 3). pp. 41-49. ISSN 0305-7453
Livermore, DM, Mushtaq, S., Warner, M., Miossec, C. and Woodford, N. (2008) NXL104 combinations versus Enterobacteriaceae with CTX-M extended-spectrum -lactamases and carbapenemases. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 62 (5). pp. 1053-1056. ISSN 0305-7453
Aschbacher, R., Doumith, M., Livermore, DM, Larcher, C. and Woodford, N. (2008) Linkage of acquired quinolone resistance (qnrS1) and metallo- -lactamase (blaVIM-1) genes in multiple species of Enterobacteriaceae from Bolzano, Italy. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 61 (3). pp. 515-523. ISSN 0305-7453
Warren, R. E., Ensor, V. M., O'Neill, P., Butler, V., Taylor, J., Nye, K., Harvey, M., Livermore, DM, Woodford, N. and Hawkey, P. M. (2008) Imported chicken meat as a potential source of quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum -lactamases in the UK. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 61 (3). pp. 504-508. ISSN 0305-7453
Livermore, DM and Tulkens, P. M. (2008) Temocillin revived. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 63 (2). pp. 243-245. ISSN 0305-7453
Livermore, DM (2008) Defining an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. Clinical Microbiology And Infection, 14 (Suppl 1). pp. 3-10.
Petersen, I, Johnson, A M, Islam, A, Duckworth, G, Livermore, DM and Hayward, A C (2007) Protective effect of antibiotics against serious complications of common respiratory tract infections: retrospective cohort study with the UK General Practice Research Database. BMJ, 335 (7627). 982-984A. ISSN 0959-8138
Hope, R., Parsons, T., Mushtaq, S., James, D. and Livermore, DM (2007) Determination of disc breakpoints and evaluation of Etests for tigecycline susceptibility testing by the BSAC method. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 60 (4). pp. 770-774. ISSN 0305-7453
Mushtaq, S., Warner, M., Ge, Y., Kaniga, K. and Livermore, DM (2007) In vitro activity of ceftaroline (PPI-0903M, T-91825) against bacteria with defined resistance mechanisms and phenotypes. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 60 (2). pp. 300-311. ISSN 0305-7453
WOODFORD, N, DALLOW, J, HILL, R, PALEPOU, M, PIKE, R, WARD, M, WARNER, M and Livermore, DM (2007) Ertapenem resistance among Klebsiella and Enterobacter submitted in the UK to a reference laboratory. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 29 (4). pp. 456-459. ISSN 09248579
Karisik, E., Ellington, M. J., Livermore, DM and Woodford, N. (2007) Virulence factors in Escherichia coli with CTX-M-15 and other extended-spectrum -lactamases in the UK. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 61 (1). pp. 54-58. ISSN 0305-7453
Coelho, J. M., Turton, J. F., Kaufmann, M. E., Glover, J., Woodford, N., Warner, M., Palepou, M.-F., Pike, R., Pitt, T. L., Patel, B. C. and Livermore, DM (2006) Occurrence of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Clones at Multiple Hospitals in London and Southeast England. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 44 (10). pp. 3623-3627. ISSN 0095-1137
Karisik, E., Ellington, MJ, Pike, R, Warren, RE, Livermore, DM and Woodford, N (2006) Molecular characterization of plasmids encoding CTX-M-15 -lactamases from Escherichia coli strains in the United Kingdom. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 58 (3). pp. 665-668. ISSN 0305-7453
Potz, N. A. C., Hope, R, Warner, M, Johnson, AP and Livermore, DM (2006) Prevalence and mechanisms of cephalosporin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae in London and South-East England. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 58 (2). pp. 320-326. ISSN 0305-7453
Elliott, E, Brink, AJ, van Greune, J, Els, Z, Woodford, N, Turton, J, Warner, M and Livermore, DM (2006) In vivo development of ertapenem resistance in a patient with pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae with an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 42 (11). E95-E98. ISSN 1058-4838
Henderson-Begg, S. K., Livermore, DM and Hall, L. M. C. (2006) Effect of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on mutation frequency in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 57 (5). pp. 849-854. ISSN 0305-7453
WOODFORD, N, ELLINGTON, M, COELHO, J, TURTON, J, WARD, M, BROWN, S, AMYES, S and Livermore, DM (2006) Multiplex PCR for genes encoding prevalent OXA carbapenemases in Acinetobacter spp. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 27 (4). pp. 351-353. ISSN 09248579
Eisner, A., Fagan, E. J., Feierl, G., Kessler, H. H., Marth, E., Livermore, DM and Woodford, N. (2006) Emergence of Enterobacteriaceae Isolates Producing CTX-M Extended-Spectrum -Lactamase in Austria. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 50 (2). pp. 785-787. ISSN 0066-4804
Livermore, DM, Canton, R., Gniadkowski, M., Nordmann, P., Rossolini, G. M., Arlet, G., Ayala, J., Coque, T. M., Kern-Zdanowicz, I., Luzzaro, F., Poirel, L. and Woodford, N. (2006) CTX-M: changing the face of ESBLs in Europe. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 59 (2). pp. 165-174. ISSN 0305-7453
Livermore, DM (2006) Can beta-lactams be re-engineered to beat MRSA? Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 12 (s2). pp. 11-16. ISSN 1198-743X
McNulty, C, Mulligan, AA, Richards, J, Livermore, DM, Little, P, Charlett, A, Freeman, E, Harvey, IM and Thomas, M (2006) Clinical relevance of laboratory-reported antibiotic resistance in acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection in primary care. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 58 (5). pp. 1000-1008.
Bean, D. C., Livermore, DM, Papa, I and Hall, L. M. C. (2005) Resistance among Escherichia coli to sulphonamides and other antimicrobials now little used in man. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 56 (5). pp. 962-964. ISSN 0305-7453
Livermore, DM (2005) Tigecycline: what is it, and where should it be used? Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 56 (4). pp. 611-614. ISSN 0305-7453
Livermore, DM and Hawkey, P. M. (2005) CTX-M: changing the face of ESBLs in the UK. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 56 (3). pp. 451-454. ISSN 0305-7453
Livermore, DM, Mushtaq, S and Warner, M (2005) Selectivity of ertapenem for Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants cross-resistant to other carbapenems. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 55 (3). pp. 306-311. ISSN 1460-2091
Woodford, N, Tierno, PM, Young, K, Tysall, L, Palepou, MFI, Ward, E, Painter, RE, Suber, DF, Shungu, D, Silver, LL, Inglima, K, Kornblum, J and Livermore, DM (2004) Outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing a new carbapenern hydrolyzing class a beta-lactamase, KPC-3, in a New York Medical Center. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 48 (12). pp. 4793-4799.
Crespo, M. P., Woodford, N., Sinclair, A., Kaufmann, M. E., Turton, J, Glover, J., Velez, J. D., Castaneda, C. R., Recalde, M. and Livermore, DM (2004) Outbreak of Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Producing VIM-8, a Novel Metallo- -Lactamase, in a Tertiary Care Center in Cali, Colombia. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42 (11). pp. 5094-5101. ISSN 0095-1137
JOHNSON, A, Mushtaq, S, Warner, M and Livermore, DM (2004) Activity of daptomycin against multi-resistant Gram-positive bacteria including enterococci and Staphylococcus aureus resistant to linezolid. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 24 (4). pp. 315-319. ISSN 09248579
Woodford, N., Ward, ME, Kaufmann, ME, Turton, J, Fagan, EJ, James, D, Johnson, AP, Pike, R, Warner, M, Cheasty, T, Pearson, A, Harry, S, Leach, JB, Loughrey, A, Lowes, JA, Warren, RE and Livermore, DM (2004) Community and hospital spread of Escherichia coli producing CTX-M extended-spectrum -lactamases in the UK. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 54 (4). pp. 735-743. ISSN 1460-2091
Mushtaq, S., Ge, Y. and Livermore, DM (2004) Doripenem versus Pseudomonas aeruginosa In Vitro: Activity against Characterized Isolates, Mutants, and Transconjugants and Resistance Selection Potential. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 48 (8). pp. 3086-3092. ISSN 0066-4804
Enne, V. I., Bennett, P. P., Livermore, DM and Hall, L. M. C. (2004) Enhancement of host fitness by the sul2-coding plasmid p9123 in the absence of selective pressure. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 53 (6). pp. 958-963. ISSN 1460-2091
Mushtaq, S., Ge, Y. and Livermore, DM (2004) Comparative Activities of Doripenem versus Isolates, Mutants, and Transconjugants of Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter spp. with Characterized -Lactamases. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 48 (4). pp. 1313-1319. ISSN 0066-4804
Livermore, DM, Sefton, A. M. and Scott, G. M. (2003) Properties and potential of ertapenem. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 52 (3). pp. 331-344. ISSN 1460-2091
Livermore, DM (2003) Linezolid in vitro: mechanism and antibacterial spectrum. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 51 (90002). pp. 9-16. ISSN 14602091
Livermore, DM (2003) Bacterial Resistance: Origins, Epidemiology, and Impact. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 36 (Supplement 1). S11-S23. ISSN 1058-4838
Lopez-Otsoa, F., Gallego, L., Towner, K. J., Tysall, L., Woodford, N. and Livermore, DM (2002) Endemic Carbapenem Resistance Associated with OXA-40 Carbapenemase among Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from a Hospital in Northern Spain. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 40 (12). pp. 4741-4743. ISSN 0095-1137
Woodford, N., Tysall, L., Auckland, C., Stockdale, M. W., Lawson, A. J., Walker, R. A. and Livermore, DM (2002) Detection of Oxazolidinone-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Strains by Real-Time PCR and PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 40 (11). pp. 4298-4300. ISSN 0095-1137
Johnson, A, Tysall, L, Stockdale, M, Woodford, N, Kaufmann, M, Warner, M, Livermore, DM, Asboth, F and Allerberger, F (2002) Emerging Linezolid-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Isolated from Two Austrian Patients in the Same Intensive Care Unit. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 21 (10). pp. 751-754. ISSN 0934-9723
Lee, K., Lim, J. B., Yum, J. H., Yong, D., Chong, Y., Kim, J. M. and Livermore, DM (2002) blaVIM-2 Cassette-Containing Novel Integrons in Metallo- -Lactamase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida Isolates Disseminated in a Korean Hospital. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 46 (4). pp. 1053-1058. ISSN 0066-4804
Livermore, DM (2002) Multiple Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Our Worst Nightmare? Clinical Infectious Diseases, 34 (5). pp. 634-640. ISSN 1058-4838
Henwood, C. J., Gatward, T, Warner, M, James, D, Stockdale, M. W., Spence, R. P., Towner, K. J., Livermore, DM and Woodford, N (2002) Antibiotic resistance among clinical isolates of Acinetobacter in the UK, and in vitro evaluation of tigecycline (GAR-936). Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 49 (3). pp. 479-487. ISSN 14602091
Livermore, DM, Struelens, M, Amorim, J, Baquero, F, Bille, J, Canton, R, Henning, S, Gatermann, S, Marchese, S, Mittermayer, H, Nonhoff, C, Oakton, KJ, Praplan, F, Ramos, H, Schito, GC, Van Eldere, J, Verhaegen, J, Verhoef, J and Visser, MR (2002) Multicentre evaluation of the VITEK 2 Advanced Expert System for interpretive reading of antimicrobial resistance tests. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 49 (2). pp. 289-300. ISSN 14602091
Gibb, A. P., Tribuddharat, C., Moore, R. A., Louie, T. J., Krulicki, W., Livermore, DM, Palepou, M.-F. I. and Woodford, N. (2002) Nosocomial Outbreak of Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a New blaIMP Allele, blaIMP-7. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 46 (1). pp. 255-258. ISSN 0066-4804
