MSci Meteorology and Oceanography (F790)

Course Code UNU1F790401
Duration 4 Years
Attendance Full Time
Award Degree of Master of Sciences

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Overview

This exciting new four-year programme offers an integrated approach to studying the Earth’s oceans, atmosphere, their interactions, and external influences on them.

The Earth has observable properties and maintains patterns of interactions and processes that can be described and understood using the powerful sciences and techniques of mathematics, physics and computing. Different waves appear on the ocean and in the atmosphere, yet they may be described in common using mathematical methods and understood or interpreted physically. The Earth’s water resource is shared between: its atmosphere, ice caps and glaciers, run-off and rivers, and in the ground – a hydrosphere of interactions. Interactions close to the Earth’s surface produce physical and chemical erosion (and pollution), and sediment shift by the action of wind and water. The interactions of most significance occur near to the Earth’s surface, and produce hazards where we all live: climate change, floods and volcanic-atmospheric interactions.

Meteorology and Oceanography embraces the disciplines of meteorology and oceanography but also interacts with climatology, fluvial geomorphology, glaciology, hydrology, sedimentology, theoretical seismology and volcanology.

The programme will enable you to develop a critical awareness of issues at the frontier of research, along with a comprehensive understanding of research methods and their limitations. You will gain the qualities of self-direction and originality in applying knowledge, solving problems and conducting research.

The first three years of the programme will follow the same profile as the BSc Meteorology and Oceangraphy, with the exclusion of the third year research project. In the fourth and final year you will study a range of masters level modules, as well as undertaking a substantial piece of independent research in a topic that matches your interests.

The MSci Meteorology and Oceanography is run jointly by the School of Environmental Sciences and the School of Mathematics, and in collaboration with the School of Computing Sciences. This programme will inspire a lifelong interest, knowledge and understanding of the way the oceans and atmosphere work as an integral part of the Earth.

Course Organiser

Prof Karen Heywood

Course Brochure

View Course Brochure

Entry Requirements

A Level AAA (to include A level Mathematics)
International Baccalaureate 34 points (incl 3 HL subjects at Grade 6 to include HL Maths)
Scottish Highers AAAAA (inc Maths)
Irish Leaving Certificate AAAAAA (inc Maths)
Access Course See below
European Baccalaureate 85% overall

Students for whom English is a foreign language

If English is not your first language you must have a recognised English Language qualification: Minimum IELTS 6.0 with a 5.5 in each sub-section, or TOEFL 550 (213 CBT / 80 IBT). Please contact us for more information about other qualifications that we may consider.

If you do not meet the academic and or English requirements for direct entry our partner, INTO University of East Anglia offers guaranteed progression on to this undergraduate degree upon successful completion of a preparation programme. Depending on your interests, and your qualifications you can take a variety of routes to this degree:

International Foundation in the Sciences

Interviews

The majority of candidates will not be called for an interview. However, for some students an interview will be requested. These are normally quite informal and generally cover topics such as your current studies, reasons for choosing the course and your personal interests and extra-curricular activities.

Gap Year

We welcome applications from students who have already taken or intend to take a gap year, believing that a year between school and university can be of substantial benefit. You are advised to indicate your reason for wishing to defer entry and may wish to contact the appropriate Admissions Office directly to discuss this further.

Special Entry Requirements

A level Mathematics or equivalent.

General Studies and Critical Thinking not accepted,

Intakes

The School's annual intake is in September of each year.

Alternative Qualifications

We encourage you to apply if you have alternative qualifications equivalent to our stated entry requirement. Please contact us for further information.

Pass Access to HE Diploma with Distinction in 45 credits at Level 3, including 12 Level 3 Maths credits.

GCSE Offer

Students are required to have Mathematics and English at minimum of Grade C or above at GCSE Level.

Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4

Year 1

Compulsory Study (100 credits)

Students will select 100 credits from the following module(s).

Name	Code	Credits	Period
Atmosphere and Ocean This module studies the physical processes occurring in the atmosphere and ocean, with emphasis on the links between the two. Radiation from the Sun and its effect on the Earth. Structure and circulation of the atmosphere. Ocean currents and the thermohaline circulation. Hydrostatic equation and pressure forces. Stability, air masses and fronts. Coriolis force and geostrophy. The effect of the wind on the ocean. Hydrological cycle. If you have not taken 1A25 Forces of Nature, a little background reading will help on concepts such as pressure, density, buoyancy and Coriolis force. Taught in the second half of semester. more...	ENV-1A56	10	Semester 2
Dynamic Earth The structure and behaviour of our dynamic planet are investigated. The module is underpinned by the theory of Plate Tectonics as a means of explaining Earth's remarkable physiographic features, such as mountain belts and volcanoes and it also considers how processes of erosion and deposition modify them. The Module will introduce geological time and the 4.6 billion year record of changing conditions. It will introduce geological materials, resources and hazards. No prior knowledge of geology is assumed. more...	ENV-1A67	10	Semester 1
Forces of Nature The understanding of natural systems and environmental technologies is often underpinned by physical laws and processes. `Forces of nature' explores the most important of these (energy, mechanics, physical properties of Earth materials) and their relevance to environmental science using examples from across the Earth's differing systems. This module forms an important building block for many modules that follow it. more...	ENV-1A25	10	Semester 1
Global Environmental Challenges What are the most pressing environmental challenges facing the world today? How do we understand these problems through cutting-edge environmental science research? What are the possibilities for building sustainable solutions to address them in policy and society? In this module you will tackle these questions by taking an interdisciplinary approach to consider challenges relating to climate change, biodiversity, water resources, natural hazards, and technological risks. In doing so you will gain an insight into environmental science research `in action' and develop essential academic study skills needed to explore these issues. Please note this module is only available for ENV students and BIO Ecology students only. more...	ENV-1A29	20	Semester 1
Mathematics for Scientists 1 This module is designed for students in the Faculty of Science with good maths and a Grade C or above in "A" level Mathematics. It covers differentiation, integration, vectors, partial differentiation, and introductory statistical methods. In addition to the theoretical background, there is an emphasis on applied examples, and the use of numerical computing software (Matlab). Previous knowledge of calculus is assumed. This unit is the first in a series of four maths units for students across the Faculty of Science, that provide a solid undergraduate mathematical training. The following units are Mathematics for Scientists II, III, and IV. more...	ENV-1A61	10	Semester 1
Mathematics for Scientists II This module is the second in a series of four mathematical units for students across the Faculty of Science. It continues the basic calculus of ENV-1A61 Mathematics for Scientists I into the study of ordinary differential equations that are used to mathematically model many different systems across the sciences, and the use of further integrals to calculate lengths of lines, surface areas, and volumes. Power series expansions are used to represent and simplify functions, and an introduction to complex numbers is given. There is a continuing emphasis on applied examples, and the use of numerical computing software (Matlab). more...	ENV-1A62	10	Semester 2
Mechanics and Modelling BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE MTH-1A5Y, MTH-1B2Y or ENV-1A61 and ENV-1A62 Newton's laws of motion. Particle dynamics, orbits, conservation laws. Students must have A-level Mathematics grade B or above or equivalent. more...	MTH-1C32	10	Semester 2
Research & Field Skills 1 This module introduces a range of transferable skills, tools and data resources that are widely used in research across the Environmental Sciences. The aim is to provide a broad understanding of the research process by undertaking different activities that involve i) formulating research questions, ii) collecting data using appropriate sources and techniques, iii) collating and evaluating information and iv) presenting results. The module will include the use of GPS, satellite remote sensing and digital mapping technologies, whilst also emphasising self and peer assessment of research activities. more...	ENV-1A41	10	Semester 1
Research & Field Skills 2 This module builds upon the range of transferable skills and techniques introduced in Research and Field Skills 1. There are two main components. The first will introduce the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS), explaining the main analysis techniques with applications from across the Environmental Sciences. The second component will be a 6 day fieldcourse to be held at Slapton Ley, Devon during the last week of the Easter break. During the fieldcourse students will have the opportunity to apply skills learnt earlier in other modules, gain experience with new field techniques and undertake a small group project of their own choice. Assessment of the fieldcourse will be based on a poster presentation of this project work. THIS MODULE IS AVAILABLE ONLY TO STUDENTS REGISTERED IN THE SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES. Taught in the first half of semester. more...	ENV-1A42K	10	Semester 2

Option A Study (10 credits)

Students will select 10 credits from the following module(s).

Name	Code	Credits	Period
Earth's Chemical Processes 1 This module provides an introduction to chemical processes in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, seawater, soils, sediments and rocks. Both the natural and anthropogenically perturbed system will be considered. This module assumes no previous chemical knowledge and will include a basic chemistry component. Students with previous experience of chemistry (A, AS level or equivalent) should take Earth's Chemical Processes 2. more...	ENV-1A32	10	Semester 2
Earth's Chemical Processes II This module provides an introduction to chemical processes in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, seawater, soils, sediments and rocks. Both the natural and anthropogenically perturbed system will be considered. Students taking this module are expected to have previous experience of Chemistry at A, AS Levels or equivalent. Taught in the second half of semester. more...	ENV-1A34	10	Semester 2

Option B Study (10 credits)

Students will select 10 credits from the following module(s).

Name	Code	Credits	Period
Probability BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE CMPC1F07 OR ENV-1A61 AND ENV-1A62 AND HAVE A GOOD GROUNDING IN MATRIX THEORY. THIS MODULE IS INCOMPATIBLE WITH MTH-1A1Y Probability as a measurement of uncertainty, statistical experiments and Bayes' theorem. Discrete and continuous distributions. Expectation. Applications of probability: Markov chains, reliability theory. Students must have A-level Mathematics Grade B or above or equivalent. more...	MTH-1C34	10	Semester 2
Sustainability and Society Striking a balance between societal development, economic growth and environmental protection has proven difficult and controversial. The terms `sustainability' and `sustainable development' have been used in attempts to reconcile these three areas. Yet the ill-defined and contradictory nature of these concepts has also hampered their implementation. This module considers sustainability in theory and practice by examining the relationships between environment and society, through the contributions of a variety of social science disciplines. Taught in the first half of semester. more...	ENV-1A28	10	Semester 2

Year 2

Compulsory Study (100 credits)

Students will select 100 credits from the following module(s).

Name	Code	Credits	Period
Mathematics for Scientists III This module is the third in the series of four mathematical modules for students across the Faculty of Science. It covers vector calculus (used in the study of vector fields in subjects such as fluid dynamics and electromagnetism), time series and spectral analysis (a highly adaptable and useful mathematical technique in many science fields, including data analysis) and fluid dynamics (which has applications to the circulation of the atmosphere, ocean, interior of the Earth, chemical engineering, and biology). There is a continuing emphasis on applied examples, and the use of numerical computing software (Matlab). more...	ENV-2A21	20	Semester 1
Mathematics for Scientists IV This module is the fourth in a series of four mathematical modules for students across the Faculty of Science. It covers matrix algebra and numerical methods (with applications to many multi-variable problems in science) second order partial differential equations (which govern the behaviour of diffusive, advective and wave-like systems) and solid mechanics (applications in geophysics, glaciology and material science). There is a continuing emphasis on applied examples, and the use of numerical computing software (Matlab) is extended with a dedicated programming component. more...	ENV-2A22	20	Semester 2
Meteorology I This module is designed to give a general introduction to meteorology, concentrating on the physical processes in the atmosphere and how these influence our weather. The module contains both descriptive and mathematical treatments of Radiation Balance, Cloud Physics, Thermodynamics and Dynamics and the assessment is designed to allow those with either mathematical or descriptive abilities to do well; however a reasonable mathematical competence is essential. more...	ENV-2A23	20	Semester 1
Ocean Circulation This module gives you an understanding of the physical processes occurring in the basin-scale ocean environment. We will introduce and discuss large scale global ocean circulation, including gyres, boundary currents and the overturning circulation. Major themes include the interaction between ocean and atmosphere, and the forces which drive ocean circulation. You should be familiar with partial differentiation, integration, handling equations and using calculators. Co-taught with ENV-MA39 more...	ENV-2A39	20	Semester 1
Waves, Tides and Shallow Water Processes This module will explore physical processes in the ocean, building on what you learnt in Ocean Circulation. There will be a focus on applications of ocean physics to shelf seas. Topics will include: Tide generation, forces, harmonic tidal analysis of time series, propagation in shallow seas; Surface and internal waves, their role in air-sea exchange and upper ocean mixing; Role of tides and internal waves in global ocean mixing; Impact of ocean physics on biogeochemical processes, including seasonal phytoplankton blooms and shelf sea fronts; Remote sensing of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll shelf seas. Estuarine circulation and sediment transport; Applications of ocean physics to water quality and pollution monitoring; Role of ocean science in the marine energy industry. This module is designed to follow on from ENV-2A39, which is a pre-requisite. We strongly recommend that you also gain experience of marine fieldwork by taking the 20-credit biennial Marine Sciences fieldcourse, next running in June 2013. more...	ENV-2A40	20	Semester 2

Option A Study (20 credits)

Students will select 20 credits from the following module(s).

Name	Code	Credits	Period
Meteorology II This module will build upon the material covered in ENV-2A23 (Meteorology I) covering topics such as synoptic meteorology, micro-scale processes, the General Circulation and weather forecasting. more...	ENV-2A24	20	Semester 2
Meteorology II With Fieldcourse This module will build upon material covered in ENV-2A23 (Meteorology I) covering topics such as synoptic meteorology, micro-scale processes, the General Circulation and weather forecasting. The module also includes a week long Easter vacation residential fieldcourse, based in the Lake District, focusing on micrometeorology, microclimate and synoptic processes. more...	ENV-2A24K	20	Semester 2

Year 3

Compulsory Study (20 credits)

Students will select 20 credits from the following module(s).

Name	Code	Credits	Period
Modelling Environmental Processes The aim of the module is to show how environmental problems may be solved from the initial problem, to mathematical formulation and numerical solution. Problems will be described conceptually, then defined mathematically, then solved numerically via computer programming. The module consists of lectures on numerical methods and computing practicals (Matlab): the practicals being designed to illustrate the solution of problems using the methods covered in lectures. The module will guide students through the solution of a model of an environmental process of their own choosing. The problem will be discussed and placed into context through an essay, and then solved and written up in a project report. The skills developed in this module are highly valued by prospective employers of students wishing to carry on into further studies or in professional employment. more...	ENV-3A11	20	Semester 1

Option A Study (60 credits)

Students will select 60 credits from the following module(s).

Name	Code	Credits	Period
Atmospheric Composition: Measurement and Modelling Emissions of gases and other pollutants from human activities are critical drivers of phenomena such as climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, degradation of air quality in urban and rural areas, long-range transport of air pollution, and changes in aerosol and cloud physical properties. To understand these impacts it is necessary to make atmospheric measurements of chemical composition and physical parameters, and to interpret these observations with a range of statistical, conceptual, and computer-based models. In this module you will be introduced to a range of modern atmospheric measurements techniques, both those used in the field and in the laboratory. Consideration will be given to the relevant chemical and physical processes that are required to understand these observations. You will also learn about a range of interpretive techniques including numerical models, and you will put some of these in to practice. more...	ENV-3A80	20	Semester 2
Biological Oceanography and Marine Ecology This module examines the microbial processes that underpin our dependence on the marine environment for `services' such as climate modulation and nutrient regeneration. The module will cover the evolution, biodiversity and molecular ecology of bacteria, diatoms, coccolithophores and nitrogen fixers, and the physiology and distribution of zooplankton. Example ecosystems such as the Antarctic, mid ocean gyres and Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems will be studied in detail and predictions of the impact of environmental change (increasing temperature, decreasing pH, decreasing oxygen, and changes in nutrient supply) on marine ecosystem dynamics will be examined. Biological oceanographic methods will be critically evaluated. It is hoped the module will include lectures from scientists from the Centre for the Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS) and British Antarctic Survey (BAS). more...	ENV-3A15	20	Semester 1
Assessing Climate Change Science This module comprises a mixture of taught material, significant individual study and group research. Much of the module is based on the current research of the Climatic Research Unit, focusing on the science relating to the general concept of recent 'Global Warming': its identification, causes and implications. The major reference source is the 4th Assessment Report of Working Group 1 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The instrumental climate record is considered, with emphasis placed on the global mean surface temperature record. The forcing factors and mechanisms of climate change are described, with emphasis on the last two millennia. Methods of reconstructing late-Holocene climate changes at regional and hemispheric scales are described. The possible impact of man is a central theme of the course and projections of future climate are examined alongside assessment of possible impacts. As part of the module, students will product a major essay, integrating different aspects of the course content and undertake group research on a specific climate-change topic presenting the results in the form of a joint seminar and individual report. more...	ENV-3A48	20	Semester 2
Dynamical Oceanography This course applies fluid dynamics to the study of the circulation of the oceans. Topics studied include: geostrophic flow, Ekman layers, wind driven circulation, western boundary currents (e.g. the Gulf Steam), abyssal circulation, Rossby waves, Kelvin waves, Equatorial dynamics, Southern Ocean dynamics. more...	MTH-3E48	20	Semester 2
Earth and Life This module introduces Earth system science, taking a top-down approach to the Earth as a whole system, and tracing its development since its formation 4.5 billion years ago. The main focus is on the coupled evolution of life and its environment through a series of revolutions. Theoretical approaches are introduced, including Gaia, feedback mechanisms and systems theory, and practical sessions use models to build up conceptual understanding. The subject is inherently inter-disciplinary, including aspects of biology, chemistry and physics, and unifying the study of climate and global biogeochemical cycles. Co-taught with ENV-MA38. more...	ENV-3A38	20	Semester 2
Free Surface Flows This module will be assessed by 100% examination, but you may also be informally assessed by coursework and/or project. Water waves; linear aspects; wave energy; nonlinear waves; Stokes periodic waves; solitary waves; Korteweg de Vries equation; gravity-capillary waves. Inviscid jets; stability analysis; one-dimensional approximations; liquid sheets; temporal/spatial instability. more...	MTH-3D77	20	Semester 1
Global Environmental Change An exploration of both the scientific causes of global environmental change and the integrative and complex nature of the societal response to such changes. An examination of attempts to predict future trends in the global environment over the next few centuries. Topics covered include climate change, biodiversity, food/water availability, and air pollution. Group projects will tackle multi-disciplinary topics within these areas, using research literature and by interaction with researchers currently in these fields. more...	ENV-3A20	20	Semester 2
Palaeoclimatology	ENV-3A58	20	Semester 2
"Pollution, Toxicology and Chemistry" Multidisciplinary module about problems of managing pollution, focussing on regional and urban issues, this module will unashamedly shift viewpoint between chemical, legislative, economic, historical and social interpretations of pollution. more...	ENV-3A08	20	Semester 2
The Carbon Cycle and Climate Change Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the greenhouse gas which has, by far, the greatest impact on climate change. CO2 is becoming even more important owing to continued, escalating use of fossil fuel energy and CO2's very long lifetime in the atmosphere. Predicting future climate or defining `dangerous' climate change is challenging, in large part because the Earth's carbon cycle is very complex and not fully understood. You will learn about the atmospheric, oceanic and terrestrial components of the carbon cycle, how they interact with each other, and how they interact with climate in so-called `feedbacks'. The understanding of the carbon cycle gained from this module is an important foundation for all climate change research. Emphasis is given to the most recent, cutting-edge research in the field. Co-taught with ENV-MA31. more...	ENV-3A31	20	Semester 1

Option B Study (20 credits)

Students will select 20 credits from the following module(s).

Name

Code

Credits

Period

Chemical Oceanography

Covers the major processes that set the chemical composition of the oceans, the distribution of nutrient, and carbon, the distribution of life in the oceans and the interaction of the oceans and atmosphere. Elements of physical oceanography and ocean circulation, of geochemistry, marine biology and global change science are covered. more...

ENV-2A45

Semester 1

Earth System Geochemistry

Examines how the earth system and its geochemical cycling operate on both global and micro scales. Emphasis is on natural cycles, starting with big themes such as crust-hydrosphere-biosphere interaction and its effects on the long term C cycle, including regulation of carbon dioxide. Elements, isotopes, organic molecules (and their isotopic compositions) are used as tracers of processes and events in earth history. Organic matter, its chemistry and its relationship to both the C and S cycles is explored. Dating of geological materials with radiometric methods is introduced. The course explores themes in both deep time (millions of years) and more recent glacial-interglacial cycles (thousands to hundreds of thousands of years). more...

ENV-2A30

Semester 2

You may also pick any of the modules that begin with:

ENV-2

Earth System Geochemistry Examines how the earth system and its geochemical cycling operate on both global and micro scales. Emphasis is on natural cycles, starting with big themes such as crust-hydrosphere-biosphere interaction and its effects on the long term C cycle, including regulation of carbon dioxide. Elements, isotopes, organic molecules (and their isotopic compositions) are used as tracers of processes and events in earth history. Organic matter, its chemistry and its relationship to both the C and S cycles is explored. Dating of geological materials with radiometric methods is introduced. The course explores themes in both deep time (millions of years) and more recent glacial-interglacial cycles (thousands to hundreds of thousands of years). more...	ENV-2A30	20	Semester 2
Ocean Circulation This module gives you an understanding of the physical processes occurring in the basin-scale ocean environment. We will introduce and discuss large scale global ocean circulation, including gyres, boundary currents and the overturning circulation. Major themes include the interaction between ocean and atmosphere, and the forces which drive ocean circulation. You should be familiar with partial differentiation, integration, handling equations and using calculators. Co-taught with ENV-MA39 more...	ENV-2A39	20	Semester 1
Low Carbon Energy This module will focus on the decarbonisation of energy supply and demand in a carbon constrained world. It will examine the role of energy efficiency and low carbon energy technologies, such as wind energy, solar energy, hydrogen and fuel cells, taking into consideration important current issues and sectors for application. This knowledge is used to support an analysis of future energy supply and demand that includes management, policy and technical aspects. This version of the module is assessed by coursework and an exam. more...	ENV-2A82	20	Semester 2
Sedimentology Sedimentary rocks contain many of the world's natural resources and cover much of the Earth's surface, record the Earth's history, and contain the fossil record. Sedimentology includes the study of modern sediments such as sand, mud and carbonates and the processes that result in their deposition. Understanding of modern processes is used to interpret ancient sedimentary rocks and sedimentary structures. The module will cover sedimentary fluid dynamics; modern sediments from deserts, rivers, the coast and deep ocean, the differences between siliciclastic and carbonate rocks; biological influence on sedimentary processes and stratigraphy (the study of the physical and temporal relationships between rock layers). more...	ENV-2A25	20	Semester 1
Soil Environments and Processes (Cw) This module will combine lectures, practicals, seminars and fieldwork to provide students with an appreciation of the soil environment and the processes that occurs within it. The module will progress through: basic soil components/properties; soil identification and classification; soil as a habitat; soil organisms; soil functions; the agricultural environment; soil-organism-agrochemical interaction; soil contamination; soil and climate change. CW only version for Autumn Visiting Students more...	ENV-2A27C	20	Semester 1
Soil Processes and Environmental Issues This module will combine lectures, practicals, seminars and fieldwork to provide students with an appreciation of the soil environment and the processes that occurs within it. The module will progress through: basic soil components/properties; soil identification and classification; soil as a habitat; soil organisms; soil functions; the agricultural environment; soil-organism-agrochemical interaction; soil contamination; soil and climate change. more...	ENV-2A27	20	Semester 1
Meteorology I This module is designed to give a general introduction to meteorology, concentrating on the physical processes in the atmosphere and how these influence our weather. The module contains both descriptive and mathematical treatments of Radiation Balance, Cloud Physics, Thermodynamics and Dynamics and the assessment is designed to allow those with either mathematical or descriptive abilities to do well; however a reasonable mathematical competence is essential. more...	ENV-2A23	20	Semester 1
Meteorology II This module will build upon the material covered in ENV-2A23 (Meteorology I) covering topics such as synoptic meteorology, micro-scale processes, the General Circulation and weather forecasting. more...	ENV-2A24	20	Semester 2
Aquatic Ecology (Cw) An analysis of how chemical, physical and biological influences shape the biological communities of rivers, lakes and estuaries in temperate and tropical regions. There is an important practical component to this module that includes laboratory work and three field visits. The first piece of course work involves statistical analysis of class data. The module can be taken alongside geochemical and hydrological modules and also fits well with other ecology modules. Pre-requisite requirements: An A-level in a biological subject, a biologically biased access course or any 1st year ecology module in ENV or BIO. Students must have a background in basic statistics. An analysis of how biological, chemical and physical influences shape the biological communities of rivers, lakes and estuaries in temperate and tropical regions. There is an important practical component to this module and the first of the four pieces of course-assessed work involves statistical analysis of class data. The module can be taken alongside geochemical and hydrological modules and also fits well with other ecology modules. Pre-requisites may include A-level biology or an appropriate Access course - Coursework only version for visiting students more...	ENV-2A01C	20	Semester 1
Environmental Politics and Policy Making The most common obstacles to environmental problem solving are often not scientific or technological, but political. This module examines the theoretical and empirical development of environmental politics in modern society (mostly in Western Europe) including: the sources of modern environmentalism and its many manifestations in modern policy making systems; the environmental policies of the UK and the European Union; different theories of political power and public policy making; the role of environmental pressure groups and business; global environmental politics and policy making. The module encourages student-led learning by enabling students to develop their own theoretical interpretations of real world examples of politics. These are explored in seminar presentations and in an extended (4000 word) case study (i.e. essay). This module assumes no prior knowledge of politics/social sciences. more...	ENV-2A06	20	Semester 2
Solid Earth Geophysics What lies beneath our feet? This module addresses this question by exploring how waves, rays and the various physical techniques are used in geophysics to image the subsurface on scales of meters to kilometers. The basic theory and interpretation methods of seismic, electrical and gravity and magnetic surveys are studied. A wide range of applications is covered including archaeological geophysics, energy resources and geohazards. Students doing this module are normally expected to have a good mathematical ability, notably in calculus and algebra before taking this module (ENV-1A61 Mathematics for Scientists I, ENV-1A62 Mathematics for Scientists II or equivalent). more...	ENV-2A12	20	Semester 2
Year in Australasia Modules are taken at a university in Australia or New Zealand, and those taken are subject to approval by the course director. more...	ENV-2Y4Y	120	Year Period
Interactions and Populations In this module we will look closely at how interactions between individuals determine the structure and functioning of populations. We will consider both antagonistic interactions between members of different trophic levels, their evolution and their possible co-evolution. Consideration of competition will lead into the population consequences of both within trophic level and between trophic level interactions. We will then move on to consider spatially explicit population processes including meta population dynamics and possible ecological responses to climate change including range shifts. Students taking this module must have a background in basic statistics and have taken any Level 1 ecology module in ENV or BIO, or equivalent. more...	ENV-2A35	20	Semester 1
Year Abroad in North America Modules taken at an overseas university subject to the approval of the Course Director. more...	ENV-2Y1Y	120	Year Period
Year Abroad in Europe A year long course of study at a continental European university currently, we offer exchanges with universities in Sweden, France and Spain. The exact form of assessment will vary from institution to institution and will normally be conducted in the language of the host country. The modules studied overseas must be approved in advance by the Course Director. All changes whilst abroad must also be approved in advance by the Course Director. more...	ENV-2Y2Y	120	Year Period
Interactions and Populations (Cw) In this module we will look closely at how interactions between individuals determine the structure and functioning of populations. We will consider both antagonistic interactions between members of different trophic levels, their evolution and their possible co-evolution. Consideration of competition will lead into the population consequences of both within trophic level and between trophic level interactions. We will then move on to consider spatially explicit population processes including meta population dynamics and possible ecological responses to climate change including range shifts. Students taking this module must have a background in basic statistics and have taken any Level 1 ecology module in ENV or BIO, or equivalent. more...	ENV-2A35C	20	Semester 1
Hydrology and Hydrogeology An introduction to hydrology and hydrogeology: the basic equations describing fluid movement in groundwater systems will be derived and applied. The main techniques to investigate groundwater flow systems are highlighted. Water circulation within river catchments is discussed by means of the catchment water balance. The physical process represented by each component of the water balance will be covered as well as the current methods of quantifying these fluxes of water within the catchment . Principles of catchment modelling are outlined. more...	ENV-2A65	20	Semester 1
Environmental Analytical Chemistry This module is designed to teach skills necessary for the acquisition of good quality chemical data in environmental systems, and in the interpretation of this data. The module will focus on the collection of environmental samples for chemical analysis, methods of chemical analysis and the analytical and mathematical techniques used for data quality control. There will be a large component of practical work. This module will be particularly relevant for those wishing to do a chemistry-related project later in their degree. Taught in the first half of the semester. more...	ENV-2A92	10	Semester 2
Solid Earth Geophysics With Fieldcourse What lies beneath our feet? This module addresses this question by exploring how waves, rays and the various physical techniques are used in geophysics to image the subsurface on scales of meters to kilometres. The basic theory and interpretation methods of seismic, electrical and gravity and magnetic surveys are studied. A wide range of applications is covered including archaeological geophysics, energy resources and geohazards. The fieldcourse provides "hands-on" experience of the various techniques and applications, adding on valuable practical skills. This module is highly valued by employers in industry; guest industrial lecturers will cover the current 'state-of-the-art' applications in real world situations. Students doing this module are normally expected to have a good mathematical ability, notably in calculus and algebra before taking this module (ENV-1A61 Mathematics for Scientists I, ENV-1A62 Mathematics for Scientists II or equivalent). more...	ENV-2A12K	20	Semester 2
Chemical Oceanography Covers the major processes that set the chemical composition of the oceans, the distribution of nutrient, and carbon, the distribution of life in the oceans and the interaction of the oceans and atmosphere. Elements of physical oceanography and ocean circulation, of geochemistry, marine biology and global change science are covered. more...	ENV-2A45	20	Semester 1
Low Carbon Energy With Fieldcourse This module will focus on the decarbonisation of energy supply and demand in a carbon constrained world. It will examine the role of energy efficiency and low carbon energy technologies, such as wind energy, solar energy, hydrogen and fuel cells, taking into consideration important current issues and sectors for application. This knowledge is used to support an analysis of future energy supply and demand that includes management, policy and technical aspects. This version of the module, which includes a one week field course that will take place at Easter, is assessed by coursework and fieldwork projects. There is no exam. more...	ENV-2A82K	20	Semester 2
Earth Science Field Skills In addition to the laboratory-based skills offered in ENV 2A96 (Earth Science Skills) this module concentrates on Earth Science field observation, description and interpretation. During a residential course you will develop a field skill-set, which is designed for students planning an independent project requiring Earth Science field skills. This module is strongly recommended for Environmental Earth Science students. The primary focus will be on geological mapping, structure and stratigraphy, but this module may include hydrogeological, geochemical and Quaternary techniques depending on field location and staff availability Assessment is course work only. Students should have completed at least 40 credits of Earth Science or Geophysics modules before taking this module. more...	ENV-2A98K	10	Semester 2
Meteorology II With Fieldcourse This module will build upon material covered in ENV-2A23 (Meteorology I) covering topics such as synoptic meteorology, micro-scale processes, the General Circulation and weather forecasting. The module also includes a week long Easter vacation residential fieldcourse, based in the Lake District, focusing on micrometeorology, microclimate and synoptic processes. more...	ENV-2A24K	20	Semester 2
Gis Skills for Dissertations This module focuses on the practical use of GIS for dissertations. After an introductory `refresher' of GIS basics it will review the different techniques that can be used to create and edit data in a GIS, as well as existing digital databases from which map data can be extracted and downloaded. Particular attention will be given to Ordnance Survey mapping for the UK, but other international resources will also be discussed. The module will emphasise issues of error and uncertainty as they apply to spatial data and introduce the use of the ArcGIS ModelBuilder as a way of documenting and efficiently repeating more complex analysis procedures. Assessment will be through a small group project involving the download, integration, analysis and display of spatial data. Taught in the second half of the semester. more...	ENV-2A94	10	Semester 2
Meteorology THIS IS A COURSEWORK VARIANT FOR AUTUMN SEMESTER VISITING STUDENTS ONLY. Coursework does not include fieldwork. See ENVF2A23. This module is designed to give a general introduction to meteorology, concentrating on the physical processes in the atmosphere and how these influence our weather. The module contains both descriptive and mathematical treatments of Radiation Balance, The General Circulation, Thermodynamics and Dynamics and the assessment is designed to allow those with either mathematical or descriptive abilities to do well; however a reasonable mathematical competence is essential. This coursework only version is reserved for autumn semester visiting students. more...	ENV-2A23C	20	Semester 1
Year in Industry This module represents the year spent on work placement by students registered on an ENV programme incorporating a year in industry. Assessment is purely on a pass/fail basis with respect to completing a work placement, complementary to the degree, of at least nine months duration. A separate compulsory module, CCE-2A2Y, associated with the year in industry, does have additional assignments. more...	ENV-2Y5Y	100	Year Period
Sedimentology (Cw) Coursework only version of ENV-2A25 - NB reserved for autumn semester visiting students and those students taking ENV-2G02 Semester in Australia only. more...	ENV-2A25C	20	Semester 1
Earth Science Skills Good observational and descriptive skills lie at the heart of many areas of Environmental Science. This module is designed to develop those and is particularly suitable for students with interests in Earth and Geophysical Sciences. It will cover generic Earth Science skills of use for projects in this area. The module will include: observing, describing and recording the characteristics of geological materials (hand specimen and under microscope); measuring and representing 3d data, and reading geological maps. It will be taught mostly in laboratory classes and by self-study exercises. Taught in the second half of the semester. Before taking this module you must take (or be taking) at least 40 credits of Earth Science or Geophysics Modules at honours level. more...	ENV-2A96	10	Semester 2
Research Skills for Social Scientists The study of society and its relationship to the natural environment poses distinct research challenges and social science presents a range of approaches and methods with which to address these problems. This module provides an introduction to the theory and practice of social science research. It covers research design, sampling, data collection, data analysis and interpretation, and presentation of results. It is recommended for any student intending to carry out a social science-based research project. Taught in the first half of the semester. more...	ENV-2A90	10	Semester 2
Waves, Tides and Shallow Water Processes This module will explore physical processes in the ocean, building on what you learnt in Ocean Circulation. There will be a focus on applications of ocean physics to shelf seas. Topics will include: Tide generation, forces, harmonic tidal analysis of time series, propagation in shallow seas; Surface and internal waves, their role in air-sea exchange and upper ocean mixing; Role of tides and internal waves in global ocean mixing; Impact of ocean physics on biogeochemical processes, including seasonal phytoplankton blooms and shelf sea fronts; Remote sensing of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll shelf seas. Estuarine circulation and sediment transport; Applications of ocean physics to water quality and pollution monitoring; Role of ocean science in the marine energy industry. This module is designed to follow on from ENV-2A39, which is a pre-requisite. We strongly recommend that you also gain experience of marine fieldwork by taking the 20-credit biennial Marine Sciences fieldcourse, next running in June 2013. more...	ENV-2A40	20	Semester 2
Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Change Atmospheric chemistry and global change are in the news: stratospheric ozone depletion, acid rain, climate change, photochemical smog, global-scale air pollution, etc. This module covers the fundamental chemical principles and processes involving gases and particles in Earth's changing atmosphere. It comprises lectures, problem solving classes, practical and computing labs, seminars as well as a field trip to UEA's own atmospheric observatory in Weybourne/North Norfolk. Reasonable numeracy and familiarity with basic chemical concepts are required. more...	ENV-2A37	20	Semester 1
Mathematics for Scientists III This module is the third in the series of four mathematical modules for students across the Faculty of Science. It covers vector calculus (used in the study of vector fields in subjects such as fluid dynamics and electromagnetism), time series and spectral analysis (a highly adaptable and useful mathematical technique in many science fields, including data analysis) and fluid dynamics (which has applications to the circulation of the atmosphere, ocean, interior of the Earth, chemical engineering, and biology). There is a continuing emphasis on applied examples, and the use of numerical computing software (Matlab). more...	ENV-2A21	20	Semester 1
Mathematics for Scientists IV This module is the fourth in a series of four mathematical modules for students across the Faculty of Science. It covers matrix algebra and numerical methods (with applications to many multi-variable problems in science) second order partial differential equations (which govern the behaviour of diffusive, advective and wave-like systems) and solid mechanics (applications in geophysics, glaciology and material science). There is a continuing emphasis on applied examples, and the use of numerical computing software (Matlab) is extended with a dedicated programming component. more...	ENV-2A22	20	Semester 2
Employability Skills for Environmental Scientists In this module you will acquire the generic work-ready skills relevant to graduate level employment in the Environmental business sector. The module objectives and content is shaped by consultation with managers of business in the Environmental Sciences sector including Local Government, Providers of Environmental Services and Utilities, Energy Exploration, Sustainable Energy Resources, Conservation and Not-for-profit organisations. These highly desirable work-ready skills that are currently lacking in the majority of graduate students will be taught through a theoretical understanding and supported by practice of skills through environmental case studies that include sessions led by guest speakers associated with a range of Environmental business. more...	ENV-2B52	10	Semester 2
Climate Change: Science and Policy This module develops skills in the scientific and social scientific analysis of global climate change, using perspectives from natural sciences, science studies, and economics and politics. It first offers a historical perspective on how global climate change developed as a scientific and social object of inquiry. The course then gives grounding in climate and society relations, economic principles and the political science and governance of climate hazards, energy and greenhouse gas emissions. more...	ENV-2A09	20	Semester 1
Marine Sciences Fieldcourse This 11 day 20 credit field course studies physical, chemical and biological coastal oceanographic processes and will probably take place in June. The course includes lectures and practical experience of oceanographic instrumentation, chartwork, numerical analysis of data using matlab and a poster presentation at ENV. The second week of the course will take place in Oban, using the oceanographic research ships and laboratory facilities of the Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory. The course has no pre- or co-requisites and is open to 1st and 2nd year students. However it will be of particular relevance to those studying ENV-2A39 Ocean Circulation, ENV-2A45 Chemical Oceanography and ENV-3A15 Biological Oceanography and Marine Ecology. PLEASE NOTE THAT YOU CAN ONLY ENROL ONTO THIS MODULE VIA AN APPLICATION FORM FROM THE SCHOOL AND NOT VIA THE STANDARD MODULE ENROLMENT PROCESS. ALSO THE MODULE RUNS IN THE SUMMER PRIOR TO THE START OF THE ACADEMIC YEAR. more...	ENV-2A47K	20	Semester 1
Geodynamics: Earth's Engine Processes in the Earth's interior have exerted a profound influence on all aspects of the Earth's system through geological time. This module is designed to explore all aspects of those processes from the creation and destruction of tectonic plates to the structure of the Earth's interior and the distribution and dissipation of energy within it. This will include: the theory and mechanisms of plate tectonics, the heat distribution of the Earth's interior, the generation of magma and volcanism; the mechanisms behind earthquakes and distribution of seismic energy. The geological record of this activity, its evolution and impacts on the Earth will also be discussed. more...	ENV-2A43	20	Semester 1
Aquatic Ecology An analysis of how chemical, physical and biological influences shape the biological communities of rivers, lakes and estuaries in temperate and tropical regions. There is an important practical component to this module that includes laboratory work and three field visits. The first piece of course work involves statistical analysis of class data. The module can be taken alongside geochemical and hydrological modules and also fits well with other ecology modules. Pre-requisite requirements: An A-level in a biological subject, a biologically biased access course or any 1st year ecology module in ENV or BIO. Students must have a background in basic statistics. more...	ENV-2A01	20	Semester 1

ENV-3

Catchment Water Resources This module will adopt an integrated approach to studying surface water and groundwater resources in river basins. Approaches to catchment management will be considered in the context of improving water-dependent terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Topics of climate change impacts on water resources in terms of droughts and floods, as well as water quality issues arising from changing land-use patterns will be considered, together with the engineering and socio-economic methods necessary to adapt to future pressures on water resources. Co-taught with ENV-MA60. more...	ENV-3A60	20	Semester 2
Natural Resources and Environmental Economics Have you ever wondered why human economic activity seems to be so bad for the environment? Does it have to be like that? Is it possible for human beings to enjoy high standards of living and a high quality environment? Through the study of the principles of Environmental Economics this course sets out to answer those questions. Addressing a wide-range of economy-environment problems including car pollution, over-fishing, climate change and declining oil stocks, the course shows that most environmental problems can be solved through the adoption of policies crafted with the careful application of economic reasoning. Co-taught with ENV-MA44. more...	ENV-3A44	20	Semester 2
Earthquake and Volcanic Hazards With Fieldcourse Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions have significant environmental and societal impacts. This module focuses on the physical basis and analysis of each hazard, their global range of occurrence and their global impact. The module also addresses approaches towards hazard mitigation and minimising vulnerability, with an emphasis on their practical implication. Scenarios and probabilities occurrence of mega-disasters are also investigated. A one week field trip in Scotland takes place to introduce you to various aspects of natural hazards and in particular to faulting and earthquake hazards. This module is co-taught with ENV-MA04K more...	ENV-3A04K	20	Semester 2
Atmospheric Composition: Measurement and Modelling Emissions of gases and other pollutants from human activities are critical drivers of phenomena such as climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, degradation of air quality in urban and rural areas, long-range transport of air pollution, and changes in aerosol and cloud physical properties. To understand these impacts it is necessary to make atmospheric measurements of chemical composition and physical parameters, and to interpret these observations with a range of statistical, conceptual, and computer-based models. In this module you will be introduced to a range of modern atmospheric measurements techniques, both those used in the field and in the laboratory. Consideration will be given to the relevant chemical and physical processes that are required to understand these observations. You will also learn about a range of interpretive techniques including numerical models, and you will put some of these in to practice. more...	ENV-3A80	20	Semester 2
Global Environmental Change An exploration of both the scientific causes of global environmental change and the integrative and complex nature of the societal response to such changes. An examination of attempts to predict future trends in the global environment over the next few centuries. Topics covered include climate change, biodiversity, food/water availability, and air pollution. Group projects will tackle multi-disciplinary topics within these areas, using research literature and by interaction with researchers currently in these fields. more...	ENV-3A20	20	Semester 2
Modelling Environmental Processes The aim of the module is to show how environmental problems may be solved from the initial problem, to mathematical formulation and numerical solution. Problems will be described conceptually, then defined mathematically, then solved numerically via computer programming. The module consists of lectures on numerical methods and computing practicals (Matlab): the practicals being designed to illustrate the solution of problems using the methods covered in lectures. The module will guide students through the solution of a model of an environmental process of their own choosing. The problem will be discussed and placed into context through an essay, and then solved and written up in a project report. The skills developed in this module are highly valued by prospective employers of students wishing to carry on into further studies or in professional employment. more...	ENV-3A11	20	Semester 1
Biodiversity Conservation and Human Society This is an inter-disciplinary module focusing on the interaction between ecology, biodiversity and human societies. It examines the human drivers of biodiversity loss, the importance of biodiversity to human society, conflicts between human society and conservation and how these can be resolved, and institutions for biodiversity conservation and environmental management. It is designed for students of Biology, Ecology, Environmental Science, Environmental Geography and International Development and Development Studies. This inter-disciplinary module does not require previous detailed knowledge of ecological mechanisms; where a simple understanding of key ecological processes is important, this will be reviewed and taught in class. Key principles, issues and theory are covered in lectures by UEA faculty. These are supported by case studies from external speakers working in conservation, environmental and resource management agencies and NGOs. The module will comprise 2 core lectures plus one workshop / seminar / outside speaker each week. The module will be assessed by a spring semester exam and coursework designed to develop skills in reviewing and interpreting evidence to non-scientists. This will comprise a briefing paper written for non-specialist policy makers, reviewing scientific evidence and areas of uncertainty on a conservation topic, and providing recommendations for UK government policy and identifying research needed, involving both group (written report max 1500 words, conducted in pairs) and individual (powerpoint slideshow: a summary presentation for policy makers) elements. There are no formal prerequisites, but the module complements and builds on a number of 200 level module including: ENV / BIO 200 level core ecology modules (ie, populations, processes), ENV2A8Y Economics of the Environment, ENV-2A06 Environmental Politics and Policy Making, DEV-2C63 Natural Resources for Development II, DEV-2D64 Natural Resources for Development III. more...	ENV-3A17	20	Semester 1
Independent Project The project is an independent piece of research. With guidance from a supervisor, each student chooses a topic, designs the research and collects, analyses and interprets data. The student is expected to report on progress at various stages: in the selection of a topic, the detailed plan, an interim report and an oral presentation. A final report in the form of a dissertation not exceeding 10,000 words is required, together with a research poster which summarises the main aspects of the work. This module is compulsory for several degree courses in the School of Environmental Sciences and is restricted to Environmental Sciences students. more...	ENV-3A91	40	Semester 1
Participatory Environmental Decision-Making This module explores the rise of deliberative and participatory approaches to science and decision-making as one of the most significant recent developments in the environmental field. It examines: the theories, rationales and methods of participatory environmental decision-making (PEDM); their application in different institutional, social and geographical contexts; evaluation of participatory process effectiveness; and emerging critiques of participation. There is an emphasis on case studies to address these themes, developing practical as well as theoretical understandings of participatory approaches, and associated skills in facilitating environmental deliberation. Co-taught with ENV-MA54. more...	ENV-3A54	20	Semester 2
Biological Oceanography and Marine Ecology This module examines the biological and ecological processes that underpin our dependence on, and use of, the marine environment for `goods and services'. Students will study the ecology of marine organisms (from bacteria to fish) which provide the `services' of climate modulation, nutrient regeneration and food production, threats to the sustainability of these services and the management challenges that result. The module will cover the biodiversity and molecular ecology of bacteria, diatoms, coccolithophores and nitrogen fixers, the physiology and distribution of zooplankton, the ecology of exploited populations and management of the marine environment including fisheries. Example ecosystems such as the Antarctic, mid ocean gyres and Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems will be studied in detail, and predictions of the impact of environmental change (increasing temperature, decreasing pH, increasing oxygen minimum zones, changes in nutrient supply and human exploitation) on marine ecosystem dynamics, will be examined. Biological oceanographic methods will be critically discussed. The module also includes lectures and workshops by biological oceanographers from British Antarctic Survey (BAS), the Centre for the Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS) and the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation of Ocean Science (SAHFOS). The module is designed for students with some prior knowledge of ecological techniques, and so ENV-2A01 Aquatic Ecology is a pre-requisite. (Alternative assessment version for autumn semester visiting students.) more...	ENV-3A15C	20	Semester 1
Theory of Environmental Assessment Environmental assessment is a term used to describe procedures for evaluating the potential environmental consequences of policies, programmes, plans and projects. It is a well established tool for environmental policy integration, being routinely employed in more than 100 nations and by many international aid and funding agencies. This multidisciplinary module focuses on the theory and methods of environmental assessment and the decision-making contexts in which they are employed. It explains the procedural stages of, and selected methodologies for, environmental assessment and provides practical experience in applying them. Co-taught with ENV-MA63. more...	ENV-3A63	20	Semester 1
Theory of Environmental Assessment (Cw) Environmental assessment is a term used to describe procedures for evaluating the potential environmental consequences of policies, programmes, plans and projects. It is a well established tool for environmental policy integration, being routinely employed in more than 100 nations and by many international aid and funding agencies. This multidisciplinary module focuses on the theory and methods of environmental assessment and the decision-making contexts in which they are employed. It explains the procedural stages of, and selected methodologies for, environmental assessment and provides practical experience in applying them. Co-taught with ENV-MA63. COURSEWORK ONLY VERSION FOR VISITING STUDENTS more...	ENV-3A63C	20	Semester 1
Earth and Life This module introduces Earth system science, taking a top-down approach to the Earth as a whole system, and tracing its development since its formation 4.5 billion years ago. The main focus is on the coupled evolution of life and its environment through a series of revolutions. Theoretical approaches are introduced, including Gaia, feedback mechanisms and systems theory, and practical sessions use models to build up conceptual understanding. The subject is inherently inter-disciplinary, including aspects of biology, chemistry and physics, and unifying the study of climate and global biogeochemical cycles. Co-taught with ENV-MA38. more...	ENV-3A38	20	Semester 2
Field Course to East Africa This fourteen-day field course to a remote part of north-western Kenya is set provisionally to run in late June/early July 2013 and only if 24 students accept a place. A significant personal contribution towards costs is required. The field course will be advertised in November 2012 via emails to eligible students and applications are made directly to the module organizer. Places will be offered and must be accepted before the Christmas Break. Planning begins in February 2013 and preparatory sessions are held throughout the Spring Semester. All preparation sessions are compulsory and involve lectures (1-2 pm on Wednesdays), tutorials for working groups (unslotted), first-aid training and attendance at a travel clinic. With the help of a project adviser, three-person groups develop a project design that will test in Kenya hypotheses in ecology, social science or an interdisciplinary combination of these. Different projects have different learning outcomes depending on the subject of the project. All projects work within limits set by health and safety. This module is incompatible with any Spring semester module that uses Wednesdays 1-2 pm for formal or informal classes. more...	ENV-3A55K	20	Semester 1
Human Geography of Climate Change This module builds on, and complements, the Year 2 module `Climate Change: science and policy', but adopts cultural, sociological, philosophical and psychological approaches to understanding climate change in society: what can be called `the human geography of climate change'. Climate change risks and opportunities are perceived very differently within and between societies and cultures. This module explores some of the reasons for these differences in perception, including issues such as cultural cognition of risk, climate change ethics, science controversies and climate contrarianism. The module also considers how climate change is represented in the media through language, metaphor and image, practices which shape public and policy discourse around climate change. In recent years, the creative arts have represented the idea of climate change through the imagination ' in film, fiction and visual form. Some of this work will be introduced and analysed in terms of communication, public engagement and human values. Students will have a chance to explore some of these aspects through mini-projects which will be discussed in class seminars. more...	ENV-3A40	20	Semester 2
Palaeoclimatology	ENV-3A58	20	Semester 2
Climate Change: Physical Science Basis Climate change and variability has played a major role in shaping human history and the prospect of a warming world as a result of human activities (global warming) presents society with an increasing challenge over the coming decades. This module covers the science of climate change, our current understanding of anthropogenic effects on climate, and the uncertainties/limitations of our scientific knowledge. It provides details about the approaches, methods and techniques for understanding the history of climate change and for developing climate projections for the next 100 years, supporting further study of the scientific or policy aspects of the subject in either an academic or applied context. Co-taught with ENV-MA49. This module is restricted to MSci Climate Science students only. more...	ENV-3A49	20	Semester 1
The Carbon Cycle and Climate Change (Cw) Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the greenhouse gas which has, by far, the greatest impact on climate change. CO2 is becoming even more important owing to continued, escalating use of fossil fuel energy and CO2's very long lifetime in the atmosphere. Predicting future climate or defining `dangerous' climate change is challenging, in large part because the Earth's carbon cycle is very complex and not fully understood. You will learn about the atmospheric, oceanic and terrestrial components of the carbon cycle, how they interact with each other, and how they interact with climate in so-called `feedbacks'. The understanding of the carbon cycle gained from this module is an important foundation for all climate change research. Emphasis is given to the most recent, cutting-edge research in the field. Co-taught with ENV-MA31. more...	ENV-3A31C	20	Semester 1
Earthquake and Volcanic Hazards The aim of the module is to be able to solve geophysical problems (both physical and chemical) in a methodical way. Problems will be described conceptionally, then defined mathematically, then solved numerically. Emphasis on numerical solutions to partial differential equations encountered in geophysical sciences: their stability and accuracy. Case studies from meteorology, oceanography, hydrology and geophysics. Extensive project work involved. more...	ENV-3A04	20	Semester 2
The Carbon Cycle and Climate Change Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the greenhouse gas which has, by far, the greatest impact on climate change. CO2 is becoming even more important owing to continued, escalating use of fossil fuel energy and CO2's very long lifetime in the atmosphere. Predicting future climate or defining `dangerous' climate change is challenging, in large part because the Earth's carbon cycle is very complex and not fully understood. You will learn about the atmospheric, oceanic and terrestrial components of the carbon cycle, how they interact with each other, and how they interact with climate in so-called `feedbacks'. The understanding of the carbon cycle gained from this module is an important foundation for all climate change research. Emphasis is given to the most recent, cutting-edge research in the field. Co-taught with ENV-MA31. more...	ENV-3A31	20	Semester 1
Fossil Fuels Geological, economic and political aspects of fossil fuels (oil, natural gas and coal) are introduced. These are used to discuss environmental concerns arising from the use of fossil fuels, and the potentially profound implications of future fuel scarcity. This module is suitable for students taking degrees in the School of Environmental Sciences. Some knowledge of Earth Science will be expected. Before taking this module you must take or be taking at least 20 credits or Earth Science or Geophysics modules at honours level. more...	ENV-3A33	20	Semester 1
Assessing Climate Change Science This module comprises a mixture of taught material, significant individual study and group research. Much of the module is based on the current research of the Climatic Research Unit, focusing on the science relating to the general concept of recent 'Global Warming': its identification, causes and implications. The major reference source is the 4th Assessment Report of Working Group 1 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The instrumental climate record is considered, with emphasis placed on the global mean surface temperature record. The forcing factors and mechanisms of climate change are described, with emphasis on the last two millennia. Methods of reconstructing late-Holocene climate changes at regional and hemispheric scales are described. The possible impact of man is a central theme of the course and projections of future climate are examined alongside assessment of possible impacts. As part of the module, students will product a major essay, integrating different aspects of the course content and undertake group research on a specific climate-change topic presenting the results in the form of a joint seminar and individual report. more...	ENV-3A48	20	Semester 2
"Pollution, Toxicology and Chemistry" Multidisciplinary module about problems of managing pollution, focussing on regional and urban issues, this module will unashamedly shift viewpoint between chemical, legislative, economic, historical and social interpretations of pollution. more...	ENV-3A08	20	Semester 2
Biological Oceanography and Marine Ecology This module examines the microbial processes that underpin our dependence on the marine environment for `services' such as climate modulation and nutrient regeneration. The module will cover the evolution, biodiversity and molecular ecology of bacteria, diatoms, coccolithophores and nitrogen fixers, and the physiology and distribution of zooplankton. Example ecosystems such as the Antarctic, mid ocean gyres and Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems will be studied in detail and predictions of the impact of environmental change (increasing temperature, decreasing pH, decreasing oxygen, and changes in nutrient supply) on marine ecosystem dynamics will be examined. Biological oceanographic methods will be critically evaluated. It is hoped the module will include lectures from scientists from the Centre for the Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS) and British Antarctic Survey (BAS). more...	ENV-3A15	20	Semester 1
Fossil Fuel (Cw) Geological, economic and political aspects of fossil fuels (oil, natural gas and coal) are introduced. These are used to discuss environmental concerns arising from the use of fossil fuels, and the potentially profound implications of future fuel scarcity. CW only version of ENV-3A33 for Autumn Visiting Students only. Students should have some background knowledge of Earth Science or Geophysics. more...	ENV-3A33C	20	Semester 1
Geosciences Fieldcourse This module is designed to promote a deeper understanding and integration of geoscience subjects: the fieldwork will usually concentrate on aspects of structural geology, regional tectonics, hydrogeology, sedimentology, palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironments, metamorphic geology and volcanology. A key feature of the course is that the location is chosen where there are excellent and substantial exposures of rock formation showing evidence of processes. The field base alternates between the Aegean (Greece) and Western Ireland, and the detailed content will reflect the field sites. more...	ENV-3A57K	20	Semester 1
Biodiversity Conservation and Human Society (Cw) This is an inter-disciplinary module focusing on the interaction between ecology, biodiversity and human societies. It examines the human drivers of biodiversity loss, the importance of biodiversity to human society, conflicts between human society and conservation and how these can be resolved, and institutions for biodiversity conservation and environmental management. It is designed for students of Biology, Ecology, Environmental Geography and international Development and Development Studies. This inter-disciplinary module does not require previous detailed knowledge of ecological mechanisms; where a simple understanding of key ecological processes is important, this will be reviewed and taught in class. Key principles, issues and theory are covered in lectures by UEA faculty. These are supported by case studies from external speakers working in conservation, environmental and resource management agencies and NGOs. The module will be assessed by a spring semester exam and coursework designed to develop skills in reviewing and interpreting evidence to non-scientists. This will comprise a briefing paper written for on-specialist policy makers reviewing scientific evidence and areas of uncertainty on a conservation topic, and providing recommendations for UK government policy and identifying research needed, involving both group (written report max 1500 words conducted in pairs) and individual (PowerPoint slideshow: a summary presentation for policy makers) elements. There are no formal prerequisites, but the module complements and builds on a number of 200 level units including ENV/BIO 200 level core ecology modules (i.e. populations, processes) ENV-2A8Y Economics of the Environment, ENV-2A06 Environmental politics and Policy Making, DEV-2C63 Natural Resources for Development II, DEV-2D64 Natural Resources for Development III. (Alternative assessment version for autumn semester visiting students.) more...	ENV-3A17C	20	Semester 1

MTH-2

Cryptography Cryptography is the science of keeping secrets secret. Throughout history there are numerous examples of use of cryptography. For instance, Caesar himself used to send encrypted messages to his generals using the now-called Caesar cypher. Nowadays, with the development of internet, the need for efficient ways to communicate private data has never been greater._In this course, we will first give a brief account of cryptography through history, we will then introduce some results in number theory which are essential to cryptography and finally, we will study some of the most famous cryptosystems (such as RSA). MTH-1C36 is not a prerequisite or co-requisite but is recommended. more...	MTH-2G27	10	Semester 1
Mathematics Miniproject This module is reserved for students registered in the School of Mathematics only. A second year project on a mathematical topic. Assessment will be by written project and poster presentation. more...	MTH-2M01	10	Semester 1
Differential Equations (Cw Only) THIS MODULE IS RESERVED FOR VISITING STUDENTS: Differential Equations: Fourier series. Partial differential equations (PDEs): diffusion equation, wave equation, Laplace's equation. Solution by separation of variables in Cartesian and polar co-ordinates. Ordinary differential equations (ODEs): solution by reduction of order and variation of parameters. Series solution and the method of Forbenius. Legendre's and Bessel's equations: Legendre polynomials, Bessel functions and their recurrence relations. more...	MTH-2C41C	10	Semester 1
Quantum Mechanics BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE MTH-1C27 OR MTH-1B2Y The motion of very small systems such as atoms does not satisfy the equations of classical mechanics. For example an electron orbiting a nucleus can only have certain discrete energy levels. In quantum mechancis the motion of a particle is described by a wave function which describes the probability of the particle having a certain energy. Topics addressed in this module include: Wave Functions, Schrodinger's Equation, Uncertainty Principle, Wave Scattering, Harmonic Oscillators. more...	MTH-2G50	10	Semester 2
Mathematics Miniproject IN TAKING THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT TAKE MTH-2M01 This module is reserved for students registered in the School of Mathematics only. A second year project on a mathematical topic. Assessment will be by written project and poster presentation. more...	MTH-2M02	10	Semester 2
Algebra (a) Vector space, basis and dimension. Linear maps, rank-nullity. Matrices, change of basis, minimal and characteristic polynomial. Diagonalization. Inner product on Rn, Gram-Schmidt process, examples from algebra and analysis. (b) Revision of basic concepts. Cosets, Lagrange's theorem. Normal subgroups and factor groups. First isomorphism theorem. Rings, elementary properties and examples of commutative rings. Ideals, quotient rings. Polynomial rings and construction of finite fields. Unique Factorization in rings. more...	MTH-2C3Y	20	Year Period
Mathematical Modelling BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE MTH-1C27 OR MTH-1B2Y This module will look at techniques of mathematical modelling, examining how mathematics can be applied to a variety of real problems and give insight in various areas. The topics will include approximation and non-dimensionalising, and discussion of how a mathematical model is created. We will then apply this theory to a variety of models such as traffic flow as well as examples of problems arising in industry. more...	MTH-2G47	10	Semester 1
Analysis (a) Continuity, differentiation, uniform convergence, power series and how they represent functions for both real and complex variables. (b) Topology of the complex plane, holomorphic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations, complex integration, Cauchy and Laurent theorems, residue calculus. more...	MTH-2C1Y	20	Year Period
Fluids and Solids BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE MTH-1C24 IN TAKING THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT TAKE ENV-2A21 (a) Hydrostatics, compressibility. Kinematics: velocity, particle path, streamlines. Continuity, incompressibility, streamtubes. Dynamics: Material derivative, Euler's equations, vorticity and irrotational flows. Velocity potential and streamfunction. Bernoulli's equation for unsteady flow. Circulation: Kelvin's Theorem, Helmholtz's theorems. Basic water waves. (b) An introduction to continuum physics, linear elasticity as an example. The strain and stress tensors. Conservation of mass, linear momentum, angular momentum. Equilibrium equations, symmetry of stress tensor. Generalised Hooke's law. Bulk, shear and Young's moduli, Poisson's ratio. Strain energy. Boundary-value problems, Bending and torsion of a rod. Plane P and S waves. more...	MTH-2C2Y	20	Year Period
Combinatorics BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE MTH-1C17 OR EQUIVALENT 1. Colouring Things: Graphs, Colourings, chromatic numbers, and Ramsey Theory. 2. Counting Things: Binomial coefficients, Inclusion-Exclusion formula, Compositions and partitions. more...	MTH-2G40	10	Semester 2
Differential Equations THIS MODULE IS RESERVED FOR STUDENTS ON U1N323401- ACTUARIAL SCIENCES AND U1G390301 - BUSINESS STATISTICS- Differential Equations: Fourier series. Partial differential equations (PDEs): diffusion equation, wave equation, Laplace's equation. Solution by separation of variables in Cartesian and polar co-ordinates. Ordinary differential equations (ODEs): solution by reduction of order and variation of parameters. Series solution and the method of Frobenius. Legendre's and Bessel's equations: Legendre polynomials, Bessel functions and their recurrence relations. more...	MTH-2C41	10	Semester 1
Differential Equations and Algorithms (a) Differential Equations: Fourier series. Partial differential equations (PDEs): diffusion equation, wave equation, Laplace's equation. Solution by separation of variables in Cartesian and polar coordinates. Ordinary differential equations (ODEs): solution by reduction of order and variation of parameters. Series solution and the method of Frobenius. Legendre's and Bessel's equations: Legendre polynomials, Bessel functions and their recurrence relations. (b) Algorithms: An introduction to a variety of numerical methods. Solution of linear algebraic equations. Solution of nonlinear equations. Numerical integration. Numerical Solution of ODEs. more...	MTH-2C4Y	20	Year Period

MTH-3

Year in Australia A year studying in Australia. more...	MTH-3X4Y	120	Year Period
Year in North America A year studying in North America. more...	MTH-3X3Y	120	Year Period
Algebraic Geometry	MTH-3D58	20	Semester 2
Statistical Mechanics BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE MTH-1C32 AND MTH-1C34 OR EQUIVALENT Statistical mechanics is a branch of mathematical physics concerned with how one recovers macroscopic (large scale) variables such as temperature and pressure from microscopic descriptions of a system. Statistical mechanics, therefore, provides a bridge between the microscopic and macroscopic views of the world. The course begins with a discussion of thermodynamics, the macroscopic laws of heat and work. In contrast to mechanical systems, thermodynamics is fundamentally irreversible. This means that processes such as mixing of hot and cold fluids occur spontaneously, but the reverse processes never occur without external input. An important quantity that emerges from our discussion of irreversibility in thermodynamics is entropy. The remainder of the course deals with how thermodynamics can be explained using the microscopic laws. For this, we model the system as a very large collection of particles. The very large number of particles that exist in these systems (e.g. atoms/molecules in a gas) means that a probabilistic description can be used to analyse the problem. Here we identify that the microscopic basis of entropy is probabilistic in nature. The methods of statistical mechanics are then developed for systems under different constraints (e.g. fixed energy, fixed volume, etc.) leading to the concepts of ensembles (many copies of a given system). Applications of the methods developed in the context of gases to other systems will be developed later in the course. The course makes extensive use of and combines concepts and methods introduced in courses such as multivariable calculus, probability, and mechanics. more...	MTH-3E64	20	Semester 2
Electricity and Magnetism BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE MTH-2C4Y OR TAKE ENV-2A22 The behaviour of electric and magnetic fields is fundamental to many features of life we take for granted yet the underlying equations are surprisingly compact and elegant. We will begin with an historical overview of electrodynamics to see where the governing equations (Maxwell's) come from. We will then use these equations as axioms and apply them to a variety of situations including electro- and magneto-statics problems and then time-dependent problems (eg electromagnetic waves). We shall also consider how the equations change in an electromagnetic media and look at some simple examples. more...	MTH-3E74	20	Semester 2
Asymptotic Analysis This 20 credit module provides introduction to asymptotic analysis of algebraic equations, ordinary and partial differential equations and integrals. Asymptotic analysis is an important tool in almost all branches of science and engineering. This analysis provides useful but approximate solutions and formulae with an accuracy which is well understood and controllable. The course covers asymptotic expansions, divergent asymptotic series, local approximations, regular and singular perturbations of solutions, asymptotic formulae, Laplace and Fourier integrals, method of strained coordinates, method of multiple scales, matched asymptotic expansions, matching rules. more...	MTH-3E37	20	Semester 1
Graph Theory Graphs are among the simplest mathematical structures: sets of points which may or may not be linked by edges. Not surprisingly such structures are fundamental in many parts of science. We give a thorough introduction to the topological, combinatorial and algebraic properties of graphs. more...	MTH-3E23	20	Semester 1
The Learning & Teaching of Mathematics This module explores theories of learning and teaching mathematics at secondary and post-compulsory level. Preparation for initial Teacher Training is discussed. This module is recommended for mathematics students considering mathematics teaching as a career. Any MTH student wishing to take MTH-3T01 in year 2 may do so as a free choice but only if they have achieved 60% in all their year 1 modules. more...	MTH-3T01	10	Semester 1
Free Surface Flows This module will be assessed by 100% examination, but you may also be informally assessed by coursework and/or project. Water waves; linear aspects; wave energy; nonlinear waves; Stokes periodic waves; solitary waves; Korteweg de Vries equation; gravity-capillary waves. Inviscid jets; stability analysis; one-dimensional approximations; liquid sheets; temporal/spatial instability. more...	MTH-3D77	20	Semester 1
Number Theory BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE MTH-2C1Y AND MTH-2C3Y This module will be assessed by 100% examination, but you may also be informally assessed by coursework and/or project. The module will begin with a topic that occupied the ancient Greeks and continues to occupy us today, namely the study of Diophantine equations. After discovering some algebraic techniques to solve these equations, we will proceed to the study of elliptic curves. The viewpoint here is one of combining geometry and algebra to study equations. The course will end with an introduction to the Riemann zeta function and the Riemann hypothesis. The latter is one of the oldest unsolved problems in mathematics, and is worth a million dollars! more...	MTH-3E56	20	Semester 2
Set Theory BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE MTH-2C1Y OR EQUIVALENT Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. The Axiom of Choice and equivalents. Cardinality, countability, and uncountability. Trees, Combinatorial set theory. more...	MTH-3E18	20	Semester 2
History of Mathematics In Part I we trace the development of Arithmetic and Algebra from the high cultures of the Egyptian Middle Kingdom and Mesopotamia (1600BC) through Islamic mathematics and early algebra and on to the beginnings of mathematical modernity in the work of Galois in the 1830's. Our style will be to explore mathematical practice and conceptual developments in different historical contexts. In Part II we present the Rise of the Calculus. This is taken from the first work of Archimedes and Apollonius around 200BC onwards, to trace deas on differentiation and integration through to the time of Newton and Leibniz in the early 18th century. Part III is on mathematical logic. We explore the ideas of propositions, logical methods in the axiomatisation of mathematics, and the idea of quantifiers. We explore the interplay between the development of logic and the development of mathematics, including theoretical computing. We discuss the Hilbert programme, first order logic, and the completeness and incompleteness theorems of Goedel, undecidability and independence. We discuss logic programming and artificial intelligence, with brief overview of Prolog. Our approach is not a linear representation of history but a history of the development of the most important ideas in logic. Students will need some mathematical knowledge to attempt the module. more...	MTH-3D71	20	Semester 1
Galois Theory The module leads to a proof of the insolubility by radicals of quintic equations. Amongst the topics covered are field extensions, normality and separability. The Galois correspondence and Galois groups. The existence and uniqueness of finite fields and transcendence. more...	MTH-3E21	20	Semester 1
Dynamical Oceanography This course applies fluid dynamics to the study of the circulation of the oceans. Topics studied include: geostrophic flow, Ekman layers, wind driven circulation, western boundary currents (e.g. the Gulf Steam), abyssal circulation, Rossby waves, Kelvin waves, Equatorial dynamics, Southern Ocean dynamics. more...	MTH-3E48	20	Semester 2

SCI-2

Physics of Music This module explores the physics behind the generation and reception of music. We begin by developing some of the essential physics of wave motion and defining sound measurement terms. This equips us to analyse the physics of stringed instruments (bowed, plucked and struck), woodwind instruments, brass instruments, percussion instruments and the acoustics of singing. We also look at tuning systems, human hearing, and the physics of sound in rooms. Lab-classes include an introduction to MATLAB to enable you to record and analyse the sound of your own instrument, which constitutes the coursework. A-level standard of mathematics is preferred, but anyone without this level who is prepared to work a little to enhance their understanding of mathematics in one or two areas will be able to take this module. more...	SCI-2P15	10	Semester 1
Natural Sciences Year in Australasia Modules are taken at a university in Australia or New Zealand, and those taken are subject to approval by the Course Director. This module is reserved for students on U1FCG0401. more...	SCI-2Y4Y	120	Year Period
Natural Sciences Year in North America Modules taken at a North American university subject to the approval of the Course Director. This module is reserved for students on U1GFC0401. more...	SCI-2Y1Y	120	Year Period
Natural Sciences Year in Europe Modules taken at a European university subject to the approval of the Course Director. This module is reserved for students on U1FGC0401. more...	SCI-2Y2Y	120	Year Period
Natural Sciences Year in Industry This module represents the year spent on work placement by students registered on the Natural Sciences degree with a Year in Industry. It is reserved for students on this course (U1GCF0401). more...	SCI-2Y3Y	120	Year Period
Introduction to Medical Physics For students not studying this module in their first year. The module gives an overview of the role physics plays in medicine, covering three of the core disciplines of medical physics: Diagnostic and therapeutic radiological physics and medical nuclear physics. As well as a series of lectures, a number of field trips to the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital enables students to gain an insight into routine work and clinical research undertaken by medical physicists. more...	SCI-2P19	10	Semester 1
Astrophysics With Advanced Topics This 10 credit module gives an overview of astrophysics through lectures and workshops. Assessment will involve some coursework and a coursetest. The module assumes previous study of either A level physics, CHE-1H63 Physical Principles, MTH-1C32 Mechanics and Modelling or an equivalent course. Topics covered will include some history of astrophysics, radiation, matter, gravitation, astrophysical measurements, spectroscopy, stars and some aspects of cosmology. Some of these topics will be taken to a more advanced level. The more advanced topics will include workshop examples and coursetest questions at level 2 standard. more...	SCI-2E01	10	Semester 1

Free Choice Study (20 credits)

Students can select modules worth 20 credits from the course catalogue with the approval of their School.

Year 4

Compulsory Study (60 credits)

Students will select 60 credits from the following module(s).

Name	Code	Credits	Period
Research Training Project This year long module involves individual research in the environmental sciences with the topic suggested by and closely directed by a supervisor. The work will develop research skills through learning by doing and will be presented as a seminar and in the form of a research paper. The project differs from Year 3 project in requiring greater time and higher expected standards of research design and application of data. This module is restricted to UG students on the MSci programme only. more...	ENV-MA9Y	60	Year Period

Option A Study (20 credits)

Students will select 20 credits from the following module(s).

Name	Code	Credits	Period
Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Change Atmospheric chemistry is in the news: stratospheric ozone depletion, acid rain, greenhouse gases, and global scale air pollution are seen as some of the most significant environmental problems of our age. Chemical composition and transformations underlie these issues, and drive many important atmospheric processes. This module covers the fundamental chemical principles and underlying physical processes in the atmosphere from the stratosphere to the surface, and considers the role of chemistry in current issues of atmospheric chemical change through a series of lectures, seminars, laboratory sessions and some field work. A secure background in maths and chemistry (e.g. AS-level or equivalent) is recommended. The module is co-taught with ENV-2A37. ENV-MA80 is a natural follow-on module, and builds on some of the concepts introduced here. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-2A37. more...	ENV-MA37	20	Semester 1
Atmospheric Composition: Measurement and Modelling Emissions of gases and other pollutants from human activities are critical drivers of phenomena such as climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, degradation of air quality in urban and rural areas, long-range transport of air pollution, and changes in aerosol and cloud physical properties. To understand these impacts it is necessary to make atmospheric measurements of chemical composition and physical parameters, and to interpret these observations with a range of statistical, conceptual, and computer-based models. In this module you will be introduced to a range of modern atmospheric measurements techniques, both those used in the field and in the laboratory. Consideration will be given to the relevant chemical and physical processes that are required to understand these observations. You will also learn about a range of interpretive techniques including numerical models, and you will put some of these in to practice. Co-taught with ENV-3A80. It is recommended that students have previously taken ENV-MA37. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A80 OR EQUIVALENT more...	ENV-MA80	20	Semester 2
Climate Change: Physical Science Basis Climate change and variability have played a major role in shaping human history and the prospect of a warming world as a result of human activities (global warming) presents society with an increasing challenge over the coming decades. This module covers the science of climate change and our current understanding of anthropogenic effects on climate. It provides details about the approaches, methods and techniques for understanding the history of climate change and for developing climate projections for the next 100 years, supporting further study of the scientific or policy aspects of the subject in either an academic or applied context. Co-taught with ENV-3A49. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A48, ENV-3A49 OR EQUIVALENT. more...	ENV-MA49	20	Semester 1
Dynamical Oceanography This course applies fluid dynamics to the study of the circulation of the oceans. Topics studied include: geostrophic flow, Ekman layers, wind driven circulation, western boundary currents (e.g. the Gulf Steam), abyssal circulation, Rossby waves, Kelvin waves, Equatorial dynamics, Southern Ocean dynamics. more...	MTH-3E48	20	Semester 2
Earth and Life This module introduces Earth system science, taking a top-down approach to the Earth as a whole system, and tracing its development since its formation 4.5 billion years ago. The main focus is on the coupled evolution of life and its environment through a series of revolutions. Theoretical approaches are introduced, including Gaia, feedback mechanisms and systems theory, and practical sessions use models to build up conceptual understanding. The subject is inherently inter-disciplinary, including aspects of biology, chemistry and physics, and unifying the study of climate and global biogeochemical cycles. Co-taught with ENV-3A38. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A38 OR EQUIVALENT more...	ENV-MA38	20	Semester 2
Free Surface Flows With Advanced Topics BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE MTH-2C2Y OR TAKE ENV-2A22, OR EQUIVALENT This module will be assessed by 100% examination, but you may also be informally assessed by coursework and/or project. Water waves; linear aspects; wave energy; nonlinear waves; Stokes periodic waves; solitary waves; Korteweg de Vries equation; gravity-capillary waves. Inviscid jets; stability analysis; one-dimensional approximations; liquid sheets; temporal/spatial instability. Advanced topic: Numerical simulations of water waves. more...	MTH-MD77	20	Semester 1
Marine Ecology and Biological Oceanography This module examines the microbial processes that underpin our dependence on the marine environment for `services' such as climate modulation and nutrient regeneration. The module will cover the evolution, biodiversity and molecular ecology of bacteria, diatoms, coccolithophores and nitrogen fixers, and the physiology and distribution of zooplankton. Example ecosystems such as the Antarctic, mid ocean gyres and Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems will be studied in detail and predictions of the impact of environmental change (increasing temperature, decreasing pH, decreasing oxygen, and changes in nutrient supply) on marine ecosystem dynamics will be examined. Biological oceanographic methods will be critically evaluated. It is hoped the module will include lectures from scientists from the Centre for the Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS) and British Antarctic Survey (BAS). more...	ENV-MA15	20	Semester 1
Palaeoclimatology This module investigates the geological evidence for major environmental changes through Earth history. It will explore selected topics that relate to the extent, timing and causes of past variations of climate as expressed through changes in the fossil and geological record. Lectures will draw on information from marine, ice core, terrestrial and lacustrine climate archives. Radiometric dating techniques and geochemical/quantitative methods of palaeoenvironmental reconstruction will be examined in practical classes. The module includes half-day excursions to examine key geological field sites in East Anglia. Co-taught with ENV-3A58. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A58 OR EQUIVALENT more...	ENV-MA58	20	Semester 2
The Carbon Cycle and Climate Change Carbon dioxide is the greenhouse gas which has, by far, the greatest impact on climate change. Carbon dioxide is becoming even more important owing to continued, escalating use of fossil fuel energy and CO2's very long lifetime in the atmosphere. Predicting future climate or defining `dangerous' climate change is challenging, in large part because the Earth's carbon cycle is very complex and not fully understood. You will learn about the atmospheric, oceanic and terrestrial components of the carbon cycle, how they interact with each other, and how they interact with climate in so-called `feedbacks'. The understanding of the carbon cycle gained from this module is an important foundation for all climate change research. Emphasis is given to the most recent, cutting-edge research in the field. Co-taught with ENV-3A31. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A31 OR EQUIVALENT more...	ENV-MA31	20	Semester 1
Wave, Tidal and Hydro Energy Engineering This module studies renewable energy sources that use the energy stored in water to produce electrical energy. An examination is made into the potential energy and kinetic energy stored in water, either implicitly through waves/tide or explicitly in hydro. Devices for energy extraction from waves are examined with the effect of wave height, period and speed considered. Tidal energy extraction devices are also studied with design decisions regarding the tide-pool considered. Finally the design and operation of hydroelectric turbines is studied. Practicalities are discussed such as the characteristics of regions that are suitable for each of the energy generation modes and how measurements can be made as to a site's likely energy output. more...	ENG-MA06	20	Semester 2
Wind Energy Engineering Wind energy is the main provider of renewable energy and the source that is receiving the majority of investment in both the UK and overseas, making its study vital to energy engineering. This module begins by examining the kinetic energy of air and the design of wind turbines to extract this energy. Relationships between wind speed, blade area, turbine height and resulting output power are studied. Different turbine designs are examined and comparisons made of their effectiveness. Issues regarding placement of wind turbines are discussed as well as the choice of onshore or offshore locations. Practical considerations are discussed and include data collection of wind speeds for possible wind farm sites and implications of optimal spacing of turbines. more...	ENG-MA04	20	Semester 2

Option B Study (40 credits)

Students will select 40 credits from the following module(s).

You may pick any of the modules that begin with:

ENV-M

Gis for Ecology & Environmental Management Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are computer programs for the capture, management, analysis and display of spatially referenced data. They are now increasingly widely used in ecology and environmental management, both in the organisation and analysis of pre-existing data sets and for analysis of data collected during fieldwork. This module aims to introduce their basic principles, capabilities, applications and limitations. Only basic familiarity with a PC is required and there will be weekly practical classes using the ArcGIS software. The main emphasis will be on imparting an understanding of what a GIS is, the strengths and weaknesses of such systems, and their practical use in research contexts (including MSc dissertations). more...	ENV-MA94	10	Semester 2
Energy and Climate Change The module will critically assess the assumptions and projections of social and technological change represented in climate change mitigation scenarios, with an emphasis on energy systems. This will include a review of the drivers and dynamics of historical energy transitions. more...	ENV-MA66	10	Semester 2
Participatory Environmental Decision-Making This module explores the rise of deliberative and participatory approaches to science and decision-making as one of the most significant recent developments in the environmental field. It examines: the theories, rationales and methods of participatory environmental decision-making (PEDM); their application in different institutional, social and geographical contexts; evaluation of participatory process effectiveness; and emerging critiques of participation. There is an emphasis on case studies to address these themes, developing practical as well as theoretical understandings of participatory approaches, and associated skills in facilitating environmental deliberation. Co-taught with ENV-3A54. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A54 OR EQUIVALENT more...	ENV-MA54	20	Semester 2
Fundamentals of Meteorology This module is designed to give a general introduction to meteorology and its relation to climate and climate change, concentrating on the physical processes in the atmosphere and how these influence our weather. The course contains both descriptions and mathematical treatments of meteorological topics and the assessment is designed to allow those with either mathematical or descriptive abilities to do well; however, a reasonable mathematical competence is essential, especially in rearranging equations, and a familiarity with basic calculus is helpful. Co-taught with ENV-2A23. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-2A23 OR EQUIVALENT more...	ENV-MA23	20	Semester 1
Catchment Water Resources This module will adopt an integrated approach to studying surface water and groundwater resources in river basins. Approaches to catchment management will be considered in the context of improving water-dependent terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Topics of climate change impacts on water resources in terms of droughts and floods, as well as water quality issues arising from changing land-use patterns will be considered, together with the engineering and socio-economic methods necessary to adapt to future pressures on water resources. Co-taught with ENV-3A60. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A60 OR EQUIVALENT more...	ENV-MA60	20	Semester 2
Natural Resources and Environmental Economics Have you ever wondered why human economic activity seems to be so bad for the environment? Does it have to be like that? Is it possible for human beings to enjoy high standards of living and a high quality environment? Through the study of the principles of Environmental Economics this course sets out to answer those questions. Addressing a wide-range of economy-environment problems including car pollution, over-fishing, climate change and declining oil stocks, the course shows that most environmental problems can be solved through the adoption of policies crafted with the careful application of economic reasoning. Co-taught with ENV-3A44. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A44 OR EQUIVALENT more...	ENV-MA44	20	Semester 2
Environmental Assessment Effectiveness Environmental Assessment is considered to be more effective when conducted at strategic levels of decision making, and is usually perceived to have a goal of achieving sustainable development. This module provides experience of conducting a particular form of strategic assessment, Sustainability Appraisal (SA), which incorporates environmental, social and economic considerations into plan making. Through practice of SA, a field course involving hands-on application of environmental assessment techniques, and consideration of effectiveness theory, this module will examine what makes assessment effective. more...	ENV-MA64K	20	Semester 2
Earthquake and Volcanic Hazards Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions have significant environmental and societal impacts. This module focuses on the physical basis and analysis of each hazard, their global range of occurrence and their global impact. The module also addresses approaches towards hazard mitigation and minimising vulnerability, with an emphasis on their practical implication. Scenarios and probabilities of mega-disasters are also investigated. This module is co-taught with ENV-3A04. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A04 OR EQUIVALENT more...	ENV-MA04	20	Semester 2
Stable Isotope Geochemistry From supernovae and the early condensation of the solar system, through the climate history of the planet and on to modern stratospheric chemistry, studies using stable isotopes have made a significant contribution to our understanding of the processes that shape the Earth. In this module we look at the theory and practice of isotope geochemistry, covering analytical methods and mass spectrometry, fractionation processes, and isotope behaviour in chemical cycles in the geosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere. The course consists of lectures, practicals, including hands-on experience in the stable isotope laboratory, and student led seminars. more...	ENV-MA81	20	Semester 1
Ecological Modelling Modelling is a crucial methodology for answering many kinds of ecological questions and complement experimentation and field observations. The aim of this module is to introduce the use of modelling techniques to answer ecological questions. This module will provide an introduction to building ecological models using a combination of taught classes and project work. After completion of this module students will: understand the basic principles and approaches to ecological modelling and its potential applications; acquire the numerical skills required to develop quantitative ecological models; be able to develop basic quantitative models to answer ecological questions; learn to formulate hypotheses, write a project proposal and develop verbal and written communication and team working skills. This module is primarily reserved for those students studying on the European MSc in Applied Ecology but can also accommodate limited number of students from other programmes. more...	ENV-MA72	10	Semester 2
Ecological Responses to Climate Change The aim of this module is to examine biological responses to climate change over a range of levels from species to ecosystems. In this module students will examine the most recent literature on the effects of global environmental change on biological systems and will become familiar with different approaches and methods used for modelling biological responses to climate change. Students are recommended to take ENV-MA49 and ENV-MA74. more...	ENV-MA46	10	Semester 2
Palaeoclimatology This module investigates the geological evidence for major environmental changes through Earth history. It will explore selected topics that relate to the extent, timing and causes of past variations of climate as expressed through changes in the fossil and geological record. Lectures will draw on information from marine, ice core, terrestrial and lacustrine climate archives. Radiometric dating techniques and geochemical/quantitative methods of palaeoenvironmental reconstruction will be examined in practical classes. The module includes half-day excursions to examine key geological field sites in East Anglia. Co-taught with ENV-3A58. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A58 OR EQUIVALENT more...	ENV-MA58	20	Semester 2
Theory of Environmental Assessment Environmental assessment is a term used to describe procedures for evaluating the potential environmental consequences of policies, programmes, plans and projects. It is a well established tool for environmental policy integration, being routinely employed in more than 100 nations and by many international aid and funding agencies. This multidisciplinary module focuses on the theory and methods of environmental assessment and the decision-making contexts in which they are employed. It explains the procedural stages of, and selected methodologies for, environmental assessment and provides practical experience in applying them. Co-taught with ENV-3A63. Students are recommended to take ENV-MA64K. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A63 OR EQUIVALENT more...	ENV-MA63	20	Semester 1
Earth and Life This module introduces Earth system science, taking a top-down approach to the Earth as a whole system, and tracing its development since its formation 4.5 billion years ago. The main focus is on the coupled evolution of life and its environment through a series of revolutions. Theoretical approaches are introduced, including Gaia, feedback mechanisms and systems theory, and practical sessions use models to build up conceptual understanding. The subject is inherently inter-disciplinary, including aspects of biology, chemistry and physics, and unifying the study of climate and global biogeochemical cycles. Co-taught with ENV-3A38. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A38 OR EQUIVALENT more...	ENV-MA38	20	Semester 2
Modelling Environmental Processes The aim of this course is to show how physical environmental problems may be solved from the initial problem, to mathematical formulation and numerical solution. There is a focus on examples within meteorology, oceanography and the solid earth. The course consists of lectures on numerical methods and computing practicals. These concentrate on the solution of ordinary and partial differential equations. The computing practicals will be run in Matlab. The module will guide students through the solution of a geophysical problem of their own choosing. The problem will be discussed and placed into context through an essay, and then solved and written up in a project report. Co-taught with ENV-3A11. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A11 OR EQUIVALENT more...	ENV-MA11	20	Semester 1
Atmospheric Composition: Measurement and Modelling Emissions of gases and other pollutants from human activities are critical drivers of phenomena such as climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, degradation of air quality in urban and rural areas, long-range transport of air pollution, and changes in aerosol and cloud physical properties. To understand these impacts it is necessary to make atmospheric measurements of chemical composition and physical parameters, and to interpret these observations with a range of statistical, conceptual, and computer-based models. In this module you will be introduced to a range of modern atmospheric measurements techniques, both those used in the field and in the laboratory. Consideration will be given to the relevant chemical and physical processes that are required to understand these observations. You will also learn about a range of interpretive techniques including numerical models, and you will put some of these in to practice. Co-taught with ENV-3A80. It is recommended that students have previously taken ENV-MA37. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A80 OR EQUIVALENT more...	ENV-MA80	20	Semester 2
Earthquake and Volcanic Hazards With Fieldcourse Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions have significant environmental and societal impacts. This module focuses on the physical basis and analysis of each hazard, their global range of occurrence and their global impact. The module also addresses approaches towards hazard mitigation and minimising vulnerability, with an emphasis on their practical implication. Scenarios and probabilities of occurrence of mega-disasters are also investigated. A one week field trip in Scotland takes place to introduce you to various aspects of natural hazards and in particular to faulting and earthquake hazards. This module is co-taught with ENV-3A04K. The total Field Course module's cap of 25 is inclusive of ENV-3A04K. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A04K OR EQUIVALENT more...	ENV-MA04K	20	Semester 2
Research Topics in Earth Science The module allows engagement in Earth science research topics at an advanced level and involves advanced study skills. The module will be strongly research lead and based around student-centred learning. The module will involve a) engagement with appropriate research seminars in the School of Environmental Sciences and b) directed research based around key topics with discussions and student seminars. The topics included will vary from year to year, depending on current research programmes, but they are likely to include topics in sedimentary geology, sedimentology, palaeoclimate, geological resources, Earth history, the Earth system, nuclear waste repository sites, carbon dioxide sequestration. more...	ENV-MA59	20	Semester 1
Natural Resources and Environmental Economics Have you ever wondered why human economic activity seems to be so bad for the environment? Does it have to be like that? Is it possible for human beings to enjoy high standards of living and a high quality environment? Through the study of the principles of Environmental Economics this course sets out to answer those questions. Addressing a wide-range of economy-environment problems including car pollution, over-fishing, climate change and declining oil stocks, the course shows that most environmental problems can be solved through the adoption of policies crafted with the careful application of economic reasoning. Co-taught with ENV-3A44 and ENV-MA44. THIS MODULE IS ONLY AVAILABLE STUDENTS ENROLLED ONTO THE VISITING STUDIES ENVIROMENTAL SCIENCES (EMAE). more...	ENV-MA44C	20	Semester 2
Catchment Water Resources This module will adopt an integrated approach to studying surface water and groundwater resources in river basins. Approaches to catchment management will be considered in the context of improving water-dependent terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Topics of climate change impacts on water resources in terms of droughts and floods, as well as water quality issues arising from changing land-use patterns will be considered, together with the engineering and socio-economic methods necessary to adapt to future pressures on water resources. Co-taught with ENV-3A60 and ENV-MA60. THIS MODULE IS ONLY AVAILABLE STUDENTS ENROLLED ONTO THE VISITING STUDIES ENVIROMENTAL SCIENCES (EMAE). more...	ENV-MA60C	20	Semester 2
Waves, Tides and Shallow Water Processes CO-TAUGHT WITH ENV-2A40. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-2A40 OR EQUIVALENT. This module will explore physical processes in the ocean, building on what you learnt in Ocean Circulation. There will be a focus on applications of ocean physics to shelf seas. Topics will include: Tide generation, forces, harmonic tidal analysis of time series, propagation in shallow seas; Surface and internal waves, their role in air-sea exchange and upper ocean mixing; Role of tides and internal waves in global ocean mixing; Impact of ocean physics on biogeochemical processes, including seasonal phytoplankton blooms and shelf sea fronts; Remote sensing of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll is shelf seas. Estuarine circulation and sediment transport; Applications of ocean physics to water quality and pollution monitoring; Role of ocean science in the marine energy industry. This module is designed to follow on from ENV-MA39, which is a pre-requisite. more...	ENV-MA40	20	Semester 2
Fossil Fuels CO-TAUGHT WITH ENV-2A33. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-2A33 OR EQUIVALENT. This module explains the formation and accumulation of fossil fuel (oil, natural gas and coal). Geological, economic and political aspects of fossil fuel exploration and production are introduced and used to discuss environmental concerns arising from the use of fossil fuels, and the potentially profound implications of future fuel scarcity. more...	ENV-MA33	20	Semester 1
Dissertation The dissertation is an individual research project under the guidance of an academic supervisor either within one of the research groups in the School or, as some project placement opportunities with outside organisations are facilitated, with an outside collaborator. Research undertaken normally involves the analysis and interpretation of data collected in the field, from measurements of a sample in the laboratory or from data gathered from other sources including the media, questionnaire surveys, interviews, etc. This module is reserved for MSc students and all students must have taken ENV-MB3Y. more...	ENV-MB4X	60	Semester 2
Sustainable Consumption This module investigates the impacts of consumption on social and environmental systems, and how these might be reduced. It presents the key theories and debates around sustainable consumption, and critically examines a range of strategies for achieving it, covering governmental, business, community and individual actors. A mainstream 'green growth' policy approach to sustainable consumption is contrasted with an alternative `new economics' 'steady state economy' model, and we examine a range of perspectives on what drives consumption patterns. Workshop exercises to apply these theories to `real world' examples will provide experiential learning opportunities. We then critically assess a selection of sustainable consumption initiatives in detail, for example local organic food, eco-housing, Transition Towns, local currencies and community-based behaviour-change campaigns. Students will be required to critically evaluate social science theories so some background in social science is stongly recommended (although not compulsory). more...	ENV-MA83	20	Semester 1
Climate Change: Physical Science Basis Climate change and variability have played a major role in shaping human history and the prospect of a warming world as a result of human activities (global warming) presents society with an increasing challenge over the coming decades. This module covers the science of climate change and our current understanding of anthropogenic effects on climate. It provides details about the approaches, methods and techniques for understanding the history of climate change and for developing climate projections for the next 100 years, supporting further study of the scientific or policy aspects of the subject in either an academic or applied context. Co-taught with ENV-3A49. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A48, ENV-3A49 OR EQUIVALENT. more...	ENV-MA49	20	Semester 1
The Carbon Cycle and Climate Change Carbon dioxide is the greenhouse gas which has, by far, the greatest impact on climate change. Carbon dioxide is becoming even more important owing to continued, escalating use of fossil fuel energy and CO2's very long lifetime in the atmosphere. Predicting future climate or defining `dangerous' climate change is challenging, in large part because the Earth's carbon cycle is very complex and not fully understood. You will learn about the atmospheric, oceanic and terrestrial components of the carbon cycle, how they interact with each other, and how they interact with climate in so-called `feedbacks'. The understanding of the carbon cycle gained from this module is an important foundation for all climate change research. Emphasis is given to the most recent, cutting-edge research in the field. Co-taught with ENV-3A31. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A31 OR EQUIVALENT more...	ENV-MA31	20	Semester 1
Biodiversity Conservation and Human Society This is an inter-disciplinary module focusing on the inter-relationship between biodiversity and human societies. It examines the human drivers of biodiversity loss, the importance of biodiversity to human society, conflicts between human society and conservation and how these can be resolved, and institutions for biodiversity conservation and environmental management. It is designed for Masters students on programmes in Applied Ecology and Conversation, Environmental Science, and Development Studies. The module does not require previous detailed knowledge of ecological mechanisms: where some understanding of key ecological processes is important, this will be reviewed and taught in class. Assessed coursework has been designed to develop transferable skills of critical evidence-based scientific appraisal, and the presentation of research results in poster form. more...	ENV-MA17	20	Semester 1
Narratives of Environmental Change The aim of this Module is to introduce students to a range of different narratives of environmental change which have been influential in Western thought and action over the last 200 years and especially the last 50 years. It also aims to show how different narratives of past changes can be used to shape different environmental policy futures. The Module draws upon the sub-disciplines of environmental history, cultural geography, futures studies and systems theory and is taught by three experts in these fields. The Module is divided into three parts. In Part 1, through lectures and seminars we introduce students to seven different narratives of environmental change: for example, limits to growth, planetary boundaries, social-ecological resilience. In Part 2, through lectures we introduce four different arenas where environmental policy-making is currently active and show how different narratives of environmental change shape, constrain or inflect the development of environmental policy and the engagement of citizens. In Part 3, the students working in pairs lead a series of assessed seminars on allocated topics which bring together the historical narratives with areas of live policy debate. more...	ENV-MA75	20	Semester 1
Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Change Atmospheric chemistry is in the news: stratospheric ozone depletion, acid rain, greenhouse gases, and global scale air pollution are seen as some of the most significant environmental problems of our age. Chemical composition and transformations underlie these issues, and drive many important atmospheric processes. This module covers the fundamental chemical principles and underlying physical processes in the atmosphere from the stratosphere to the surface, and considers the role of chemistry in current issues of atmospheric chemical change through a series of lectures, seminars, laboratory sessions and some field work. A secure background in maths and chemistry (e.g. AS-level or equivalent) is recommended. The module is co-taught with ENV-2A37. ENV-MA80 is a natural follow-on module, and builds on some of the concepts introduced here. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-2A37. more...	ENV-MA37	20	Semester 1
Research Skills Semester 1 teaching is compulsory for all MSc students, while semester 2 is for students to attend the classes they need. The primary purpose of this module is to provide support and training for the dissertation to ensure that the necessary research is well planned in advance. To get the best possible start for the dissertation, advice is given on how to make the best use of UEA library resources, and how to undertake a literature review and the ethics procedures. There is also a discussion about the assessment for this module, which is the dissertation proposal. A substantial part of semester 1 is devoted to how to use statistics for the analysis of different types of projects. For students who are undertaking social science dissertations, supporting lctures and practicals are provided in semester 2. These include: social science research design to ensure there is a sound understanding of the fundamental concept and requirements of good research; questionnaire survey design; interviewing techniques; focus groups methods; and techniqies analysing qualitative data. This module must be taken before the ENV-MB4X Dissertation. more...	ENV-MB3Y	20	Year Period
Geosciences Fieldcourse This module is designed to promote a deeper understanding and integration of geoscience subjects: the fieldwork will usually concentrate on aspects of structural geology, regional tectonics, hydrogeology, sedimentology, palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironments, metamorphic geology and volcanology. A key feature of the course is that the location is chosen where there are excellent and substantial exposures of rock formation showing evidence of processes. The field base alternates between the Aegean (Greece) and Western Ireland, and the detailed content will reflect the field sites. In addition to being able to demonstrate field observation and data recording skills, M-level students will collect samples and generate new data as part of a small-scale scientific investigation that will be written-up as a report. Co-taught with ENV-3A57K. This module is only available to UG students on the MSci programme as the field course takes place in September. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-3A57K OR EQUIVALENT more...	ENV-MA57K	20	Semester 1
Ocean Circulation This module gives you an understanding of the physical processes occurring in the basin-scale ocean environment. We will introduce and discuss large scale global ocean circulation, including gyres, boundary currents and the overturning circulation. Major themes include the interaction between ocean and atmosphere, and the forces which drive ocean circulation. Co-taught with ENV-2A39. TO TAKE THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT HAVE PREVIOUSLY TAKEN ENV-2A39 OR AN EQUIVALENT INTRODUCTORY PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY MODULE. You should be familiar with differentiation and integration, using equations and using calculators. more...	ENV-MA39	20	Semester 1
Research Training Project This year long module involves individual research in the environmental sciences with the topic suggested by and closely directed by a supervisor. The work will develop research skills through learning by doing and will be presented as a seminar and in the form of a research paper. The project differs from Year 3 project in requiring greater time and higher expected standards of research design and application of data. This module is restricted to UG students on the MSci programme only. more...	ENV-MA9Y	60	Year Period
Marine Ecology and Biological Oceanography This module examines the microbial processes that underpin our dependence on the marine environment for `services' such as climate modulation and nutrient regeneration. The module will cover the evolution, biodiversity and molecular ecology of bacteria, diatoms, coccolithophores and nitrogen fixers, and the physiology and distribution of zooplankton. Example ecosystems such as the Antarctic, mid ocean gyres and Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems will be studied in detail and predictions of the impact of environmental change (increasing temperature, decreasing pH, decreasing oxygen, and changes in nutrient supply) on marine ecosystem dynamics will be examined. Biological oceanographic methods will be critically evaluated. It is hoped the module will include lectures from scientists from the Centre for the Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS) and British Antarctic Survey (BAS). more...	ENV-MA15	20	Semester 1

MTH-M

Algebraic Geometry With Advanced Topics	MTH-MD58	20	Semester 2
Dissertation The dissertation is a substantial piece of individual work, done under the supervision of a member of faculty in MTH, in an area of mathematics negotiated between student and supervisor. The dissertation includes a review of others' published work and this module is compulsory MSc students. more...	MTH-MA0X	80	Semester 2
Research Methods in Mathematics This module includes some directed reading on a topic to be agreed with a supervisor, as well as study skills relating to writing mathematics. It is compulsory for MSc students. more...	MTH-MA2Y	20	Year Period
Number Theory With Advanced Topics BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE MTH-2C1Y AND MTH-2C3Y OR EQUIVALENT. This module will be assessed by 100% examination, but you may also be informally assessed by coursework and/or project. The module will begin with a topic that occupied the ancient Greeks and continues to occupy us today, namely the study of Diophantine equations. After discovering some algebraic techniques to solve these equations, we will proceed to the study of elliptic curves. The viewpoint here is one of combining geometry and algebra to study equations. The course will end with an introduction to the Riemann zeta function and the Riemann hypothesis. The latter is one of the oldest unsolved problems in mathematics, and is worth a million dollars! The advanced topic will explore the density measure of rational points on elliptic curves. In other words, can we say something about the complexity of rational points on such curves? more...	MTH-ME56	20	Semester 2
History of Mathematics AVAILABLE SUBJECT TO THE APPROVAL OF THE MTH MSC COURSE DIRECTOR AND ONLY AVAILABLE TO STUDENTS ON THE MATHEMATICS MSc COURSES. In Part I we trace the development of Arithmetic and Algebra from the high cultures of the Egyptian Middle Kingdom and Mesopotamia (1600BC) through Islamic mathematics and early algebra and on to the beginnings of mathematical modernity in the work of Galois in the 1830's. Our style will be to explore mathematical practice and conceptual developments in different historical contexts. In Part II we present the Rise of the Calculus. This is taken from the first work of Archimedes and Apollonius around 200BC onwards, to trace deas on differentiation and integration through to the time of Newton and Leibniz in the early 18th century. Part III is on mathematical logic. We explore the ideas of propositions, logical methods in the axiomatisation of mathematics, and the idea of quantifiers. We explore the interplay between the development of logic and the development of mathematics, including theoretical computing. We discuss the Hilbert programme, first order logic, and the completeness and incompleteness theorems of Goedel, undecidability and independence. We discuss logic programming and artificial intelligence, with brief overview of Prolog. Our approach is not a linear representation of history but a history of the development of the most important ideas in logic. Students will need some mathematical knowledge to attempt the module. more...	MTH-MD71	20	Semester 1
Asymptotic Analysis With Advanced Topics BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE MTH-2C4Y OR EQUIVALENT This 20 credit module provides introduction to asymptotic analysis of algebraic equations, ordinary and partial differential equations and integrals. Asymptotic analysis is an important tool in almost all branches of science and engineering. This analysis provides useful but approximate solutions and formulae with an accuracy which is well understood and controllable. The course covers asymptotic expansions, divergent asymptotic series, local approximations, regular and singular perturbations of solutions, asymptotic formulae, Laplace and Fourier integrals, method of strained coordinates, method of multiple scales, matched asymptotic expansions, matching rules. Advanced topic: Hydrodynamic models, Asymptotic analysis of fluid flows. more...	MTH-ME37	20	Semester 1
Topology RESERVED FOR STUDENTS REGISTERED IN THE SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS Topology is the mathematical study of properties which are preserved under continuous transformation. In the first section we generalise concepts from analysis (distance, open and closed sets, continuity) to give some precise mathematical sense to this. In the remaining sections we introduce methods which `approximate' the analytic situation (continuous maps between topological spaces) by an algebraic problem (homomorphisms between groups). The surprising outcome is that one obtains deep results in analysis which often admit no other style of proof. Two examples of results which we will come across are the Brouwer fixed point theorem (a continuous map from the unit disc to itself has a fixed point); and the Borsuk - Ulam theorem (paraphrased as saying that at any given time, there are two points on the Earth's surface which have both the same temperature and the same pressure). more...	MTH-ME88	20	Semester 2
Concepts of Applied Mathematics Available subject to the approval of the MTH MSc Course Director. Differential Equations: Fourier series. Partial differential equations (PDEs): diffusion equation, wave equation, Laplace's equation. Solution by separation of variables in Cartesian and polar co-ordinates. Ordinary differential equations (ODEs): solution by reduction of order and variation of parameters. Series solution and the method of Frobenius. Legendre's and Bessel's equations: Legendre polynomials, Bessel functions and their recurrence relations. Hydrodynamics: Hydrostatics, compressibility. Kinematics: velocity, particle path, streamlines. Continuity, incompressibility, streamtubes. Dynamics: Material derivative, Euler's equations, vorticity and irrotational flows. Velocity potential and streamfunction. Bernoulli's equation for unsteady flow. Circulation: Kelvin's Theorem, Helmholtz's theorems. Basic water waves. more...	MTH-MA01	20	Semester 1
Free Surface Flows With Advanced Topics BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE MTH-2C2Y OR TAKE ENV-2A22, OR EQUIVALENT This module will be assessed by 100% examination, but you may also be informally assessed by coursework and/or project. Water waves; linear aspects; wave energy; nonlinear waves; Stokes periodic waves; solitary waves; Korteweg de Vries equation; gravity-capillary waves. Inviscid jets; stability analysis; one-dimensional approximations; liquid sheets; temporal/spatial instability. Advanced topic: Numerical simulations of water waves. more...	MTH-MD77	20	Semester 1
Electricity and Magnetism With Advanced Topics BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE MTH-2C4Y OR TAKE ENV-2A22 OR EQUIVALENT The behaviour of electric and magnetic fields is fundamental to many features of life we take for granted yet the underlying equations are surprisingly compact and elegant. We will begin with an historical overview of electrodynamics to see where the governing equations (Maxwell's) come from. We will then use these equations as axioms and apply them to a variety of situations including electro- and magneto-statics problems and then time-dependent problems (eg electromagnetic waves). We shall also consider how the equations change in an electromagnetic media and look at some simple examples. Further advanced topics will come from examining the equations in dielectrics and magnetic materials. Advanced topic will be an introduction to Magneto-Hydro Dynamics (MHD). more...	MTH-ME74	20	Semester 2
Mathematics Project Reserved for courses G102, G103 and G106. A fourth year project on a mathematical topic that is a compulsory part of some Master of Mathematics degrees. more...	MTH-MA9Y	40	Year Period
Slow Viscous Flow RESERVED FOR STUDENTS REGISTERED IN THE SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS This module will be assessed by 100% examination, but you may also be informally assessed by coursework and/or project. Introduction to Stokes Flow, basic properties, and theorems. Solution via Papkovich-Neuber potentials. Integral representations. Slender-body theory. Lubrication theory and extensional flow equations. Pugs and Slugs in pipe flow. more...	MTH-ME84	20	Semester 2
Graph Theory With Advanced Topics BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE MTH-2C3Y OR EQUIVALENT Graphs are among the simplest mathematical structures: sets of points which may or may not be linked by edges. Not surprisingly such structures are fundamental in many parts of science. We give a thorough introduction to the topological, combinatorial and algebraic properties of graphs. Advanced topic: strongly regular graphs. more...	MTH-ME23	20	Semester 1
Statistical Mechanics With Advanced Topics BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE MTH-1C32 AND MTH-1C34 OR EQUIVALENT Statistical mechanics is a branch of mathematical physics concerned with how one recovers macroscopic (large scale) variables such as temperature and pressure from microscopic descriptions of a system. Statistical mechanics, therefore, provides a bridge between the microscopic and macroscopic views of the world. The course begins with a discussion of thermodynamics, the macroscopic laws of heat and work. In contrast to mechanical systems, thermodynamics is fundamentally irreversible. This means that processes such as mixing of hot and cold fluids occur spontaneously, but the reverse processes never occur without external input. An important quantity that emerges from our discussion of irreversibility in thermodynamics is entropy. The remainder of the course deals with how thermodynamics can be explained using the microscopic laws. For this, we model the system as a very large collection of particles. The very large number of particles that exist in these systems (e.g. atoms/molecules in a gas) means that a probabilistic description can be used to analyse the problem. Here we identify that the microscopic basis of entropy is probabilistic in nature. The methods of statistical mechanics are then developed for systems under different constraints (e.g. fixed energy, fixed volume, etc.) leading to the concepts of ensembles (many copies of a given system). Applications of the methods developed in the context of gases to other systems will be developed later in the course. The course makes extensive use of and combines concepts and methods introduced in courses such as multivariable calculus, probability, and mechanics. The advanced topic is quantum statistical mechanics. more...	MTH-ME64	20	Semester 2
Galois Theory With Advanced Topics BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE MTH-2C3Y Polynomials and irreducibility: field extensions: algebraic, transcendental, normal, separable, splitting fields: field automorphisms, Galois group, Fundamental Theorem of Galois Theory: applications to constructability and roots of polynomial equations. Advanced topic: the inverse Galois problem more...	MTH-ME21	20	Semester 1
Dynamical Oceanography With Advanced Topics BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE MTH-2C2Y OR TAKE ENV-2A21 OR EQUIVALENT IN TAKING THIS MODULE YOU CANNOT TAKE MTH-3E48 This course applies fluid dynamics to the study of the circulation of the oceans. Topics studied include: geostrophic flow, Ekman layers, wind driven circulation, western boundary currents (e.g. the Gulf Steam), abyssal circulation, Rossby waves, Kelvin waves, Equatorial dynamics, Southern Ocean dynamics. Advanced topic: Baroclinic instability. more...	MTH-ME48	20	Semester 2
Set Theory With Advanced Topics BEFORE TAKING THIS MODULE YOU MUST TAKE MTH-2C1Y OR EQUIVALENT Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. The Axiom of Choice and equivalents. Cardinality, countability, and uncountability. Trees, Combinatorial set theory. Advanced topic: Infinite Ramsey theory. more...	MTH-ME18	20	Semester 2

ENG-M

Electrical Energy Generation, Distribution and Storage Electrical energy is the output from the majority of renewable energy sources (wind, wave, tidal, hydro). This module begins by introducing AC and DC electricity theory and electromagnetism. This theory is applied to the practical design and use of electrical generators. Transformer design for changing voltage levels is discussed and also its application to distribution of electrical energy through overhead lines to form the national grid. Issues relating to energy supply and demand and in particular the UK energy system are also explored. more...	ENG-MA02	20	Semester 2
Wave, Tidal and Hydro Energy Engineering This module studies renewable energy sources that use the energy stored in water to produce electrical energy. An examination is made into the potential energy and kinetic energy stored in water, either implicitly through waves/tide or explicitly in hydro. Devices for energy extraction from waves are examined with the effect of wave height, period and speed considered. Tidal energy extraction devices are also studied with design decisions regarding the tide-pool considered. Finally the design and operation of hydroelectric turbines is studied. Practicalities are discussed such as the characteristics of regions that are suitable for each of the energy generation modes and how measurements can be made as to a site's likely energy output. more...	ENG-MA06	20	Semester 2
Wind Energy Engineering Wind energy is the main provider of renewable energy and the source that is receiving the majority of investment in both the UK and overseas, making its study vital to energy engineering. This module begins by examining the kinetic energy of air and the design of wind turbines to extract this energy. Relationships between wind speed, blade area, turbine height and resulting output power are studied. Different turbine designs are examined and comparisons made of their effectiveness. Issues regarding placement of wind turbines are discussed as well as the choice of onshore or offshore locations. Practical considerations are discussed and include data collection of wind speeds for possible wind farm sites and implications of optimal spacing of turbines. more...	ENG-MA04	20	Semester 2
Energy Engineering Dissertation In this module the student undertakes a substantial piece of individual work in energy engineering. The scope is broad but the dissertation will comprise research, design, implementation and practical elements. The subject of the dissertation is determined by agreement between the student and supervisor. The work may be undertaken as part of a large collaborative or group project. Aspects of project management will be taught during the module (primarily at the start) and will be integrated into the project process. more...	ENG-MP1X	60	Semester 2
Energy Engineering Fundamentals This module begins by giving an overview of renewable energy sources (wind, wave, tidal, solar) and non-renewable energy sources (oil, gas, coal, nuclear). This includes an introduction to relevant technologies, potential power outputs of the different sources and discussion on their variability which leads to the need for energy storage. The second part of the module concentrates on engineering mathematics related to energy engineering and includes fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, mechanics and photovoltaics. more...	ENG-MA01	20	Semester 1

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Whilst the University will make every effort to offer the modules listed, changes may sometimes be made arising from the annual monitoring, review and update of modules and regular (five-yearly) review of course programmes. Where this activity leads to significant (but not minor) changes to programmes and their constituent modules, there will normally be prior consultation of students and others. It is also possible that the University may not be able to offer a module for reasons outside of its control, such as the illness of a member of staff or sabbatical leave. Where this is the case, the University will endeavour to inform students.

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