Prof Julea Butt
| Job Title | Contact | Location |
|---|---|---|
| Professor of Biophysical Chemistry |
J dot Butt at uea dot ac dot uk
Tel: +44 (0)1603 59 3877 |
Chemistry 2.52 |
Biography
ResearcherID profile
Our inter-disciplinary research centres on the use of electrochemical methods to characterise redox-active metalloproteins. In essence we interface proteins of interest with electrodes, ‘excite’ them through the application of a defined potential, and interpret the resulting flow of electrical current in terms of the protein’s intrinsic functionality. On-going projects include studies of multi-heme cytochromes that participate in respiratory nitrite ammonification and porin:cytochrome complexes that support extracellular mineral respiration by Shewanella species. One outcome of these projects has been a desire to enhance the resolving power of protein voltammetry. With this aim we are integrating voltammetry with magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy and developing methods to study quinol-dehydrogenases in electrode supported bilayers.
Biography
Julea joined UEA as a Wellcome Trust Career Development Fellow and was subsequently appointed a faculty member in the School of Chemistry and the School of Biological Sciences. Prior to working at UEA, she pursued Post-Doctoral Research at the National Institutes of Health, USA and Wageningen Agricultural University, NL. In 2002 Julea was honoured with the British Biophysical Society Young Investigator Medal for her application of novel voltammetric methods to the study of redox proteins. She was appointed Professor of Biophysical Chemistry in 2010.
Selected Publications
The roles of CymA in support of the respiratory flexibility of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1
Marritt SJ, McMillan DGG, Shi L, Fredrickson JK, Zachara JM, Richardson DJ, Jeuken LJC and Butt JN
Biochem. Soc. Trans. 2012 40, (1217–1221)
DOI:10.1042/BST20120150
A Functional Description of CymA that is the Hub for Anaerobic Respiratory Flexibility in Shewanella
Marritt SJ, Lowe TG, Bye J, McMillan DGG, Shi L, Fredrickson J, Zacchara J, Richardson DJ, Cheesman MR, Jeuken LJC, Butt JN
Biochem. J. 2012 444 465-474
DOI:10.1042/BJ20120197
Menaquinone-7 is a specific co-factor in the tetraheme quinol dehydrogenase CymA
McMillan DGG, Marritt SJ, Butt JN, Jeuken LJC
J. Biol. Chem. 2012 287 14215-14225
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M112.348813
Redox and Chemical Activities of the Hemes in the Sulfur Oxidation Pathway Enzyme SoxAX.
Bradley JN, Marritt SJ, Kihlken MA, Haynes K, Hemmings AM, Berks BC, Cheesman MR, Butt JN
J. Biol. Chem. 2012 287: 40350-9
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M112.396192
Probing a Complex of Cytochrome c and Cardiolipin by Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy: Implications for the Initial Events in Apoptosis
Bradley JM, Silkstone G, Wilson MT, Cheesman MR, Butt JN
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011 133, 19676-19679.
DOI: 10.1021/ja209144h
Key Research Interests
The research interests of Julea Butt centre on the study of redox proteins. Her group aims to provide greater insight into the cellular roles of these proteins while keeping in mind the opportunities for their exploitation in biotechnologies such as microbial fuel cells. Their experimental approach centres on the application of protein film electrochemistry complemented by spectroelectrochemistries that link redox events to specific cofactors within the proteins under investigation. Some long-standing research programmes pursued in collaboration with researchers within the UK and internationally are outlined in the links below:
- Applications of protein film electrochemistry
- Microbial mineral respiration
- Enzymology of the nitrogen cycle
- Fresh approaches to spectroelectrochemistry
and they welcome discussions on opportunities to extend their collaborations to study additional systems.
Applications of Protein Film Electrochemistry
In protein film electrochemistry (PFE) the redox protein of interest is adsorbed as an electro-active (sub-) monolayer film on an electrode surface. Redox activity of the adsorbed protein is then quantitated by the flow of electrical current stimulated when a defined potential is applied to the electrode. Thermodynamic properties of redox centres such as their reduction potentials and affinities for protons and/or other ligands are reflected in voltammetry under conditions where equilibrium is attained rapidly relative to the time of the experiment. The kinetic parameters describing these processes may be obtained by decreasing the time-scale of the experiment. For redox enzymes, the kinetic parameters describing steady-state catalysis are readily resolved across the electrochemical potential domain and the activation of purified enzymes by redox cycling is readily revealed.
Key Publications
McMillan DGG, Marritt SJ, Butt JN, Jeuken LJC
Menaquinone-7 is a specific co-factor in the tetraheme quinol dehydrogenase CymA
J. Biol. Chem. 2012, 287 14215-14225
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M112.348813
Gates, AJ, Kemp, GL, To, CY, Mann, J, Marritt, SJ, Mayes, AG, Richardson, DJ and Butt, JN
The relationship between redox enzyme activity and electrochemical potential—cellular and mechanistic implications from protein film electrochemistry
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2011, 13 (17). pp. 7720-7731. ISSN 1463-9076
DOI: 10.1039/C0CP02887H
Kemp, G, Clarke, TA, Marritt, S, Lockwood, C, Poock, S, Hemmings, A, Richardson, D, Cheesman, M and Butt, J
Kinetic and thermodynamic resolution of the interactions between sulfite and the pentahaem cytochrome NrfA from Escherichia coli
Biochemical Journal, 2010, 431 (1). pp. 73-80. ISSN 0264-6021
DOI: 10.1042/BJ20100866
Marritt, S, Kemp, G, Xiaoe, L, Durrant, JR, Cheesman, MR and Butt, JN
Spectroelectrochemical Characterization of a Pentaheme Cytochrome in Solution and as Electrocatalytically Active Films on Nanocrystalline Metal-Oxide Electrodes
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2008, 130 (27). pp. 8588-8589.
DOI: 10.1021/ja802641a
Microbial Mineral Respiration
There is much interest in ‘rock-breathing’ bacteria. From a biochemical perspective the mechanism by which these microbes couple generation of a proton-motive force across the cytoplasmic membrane to the reduction of minerals that are located outside the cell has yet to be elucidated. From a biotechnological perspective it is of interest to understand how best to substitute extra-cellular minerals with electrodes for effective utilisation of these microbes in biofuel cells. PFE is being applied to membrane-associated systems involved in the respiratory reduction of iron oxides by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 in studies that are performed in collaboration with the groups of Prof. David Richardson and Dr Tom Clarke at UEA, Dr Jim Frederickson and Dr John Zacchara at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Dr Lars Jeuken at the University of Leeds.
This pod-cast of work presented at the Biochemical Society’s focussed meeting ‘Electron Transfer at the Microbe-Mineral Interface’ in April 2012 summarises recent work on the protein CymA that underpins the anaerobic respiratory flexibility of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1.
Key Publications
Clarke, TA, Edwards, MJ, Gates, AJ, Hall, A, White, GF, Bradley, J, Reardon, CL, Shi, L, Beliaev, AS, Marshall, MJ, Wang, Z, Watmough, NJ, Fredrickson, JK, Zachara, JM, Butt, JN and Richardson, DJ
Structure of a bacterial cell surface decaheme electron conduit
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2011,108 (23). pp. 9384-9389. ISSN 0027-8424
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1017200108
Marritt, SJ, Lowe, TG, Bye, J, McMillan, DGG, Shi, L, Fredrickson, J, Zachara, J, Richardson, DJ, Cheesman, MR, Jeuken, LJC and Butt, JN
A functional description of CymA, an electron-transfer hub supporting anaerobic respiratory flexibility in Shewanella
Biochemical Journal, 2012, 444 (3). pp. 465-474. ISSN 0264-6021
DOI: 10.1042/BJ20120197
Hartshorne, RS, Reardon, CL, Ross, D, Nuester, J, Clarke, TA, Gates, AJ, Mills, PC, Fredrickson, JK, Zachara, JM, Shi, L, Beliaev, AS, Marshall, MJ, Tien, M, Brantley, S, Butt, JN and Richardson, DJ
Characterization of an electron conduit between bacteria and the extracellular environment
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2009, 106 (52). pp. 22169-22174. ISSN 0027-8424
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0900086106
Enzymology of the Nitrogen Cycle
Microbes exploit redox transformations of inorganic nitrogen species to support aerobic and anaerobic respiration, to defend against cytotoxins such as nitric oxide and to allow nitrogen assimilation into amino acids and nucleotides. PFE has resolved the windows of electrochemical potential over which enzymes reducing nitrate, nitrite, nitric oxide and/or hydroxylamine are active. Present research aims to understand the origin of these properties at the molecular level and their contribution to cellular function by site specific protein engineering, spectroscopy and cellular studies. UEA collaborators on these projects include Dr Myles Cheesman, Prof. David Richardson and Dr Tom Clarke.
Key Publications
Simon, J, Kern, M, Hermann, B, Einsle, O and Butt, JN
Physiological function and catalytic versatility of bacterial multihaem cytochromescinvolved in nitrogen and sulfur cycling
Biochemical Society Transactions, 2011, 39 (6). pp. 1864-1870. ISSN 0300-5127
DOI: 10.1042/BST20110713
Gates, AJ, Kemp, GL, To, CY, Mann, J, Marritt, SJ, Mayes, AG, Richardson, DJ and Butt, JN
The relationship between redox enzyme activity and electrochemical potential—cellular and mechanistic implications from protein film electrochemistry
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2011,13 (17). pp. 7720-7731. ISSN 1463-9076
DOI: 10.1039/C0CP02887H
Van Wonderen, J, Burlat, B, Richardson, DJ, Cheesman, M and Butt, JN
The nitric oxide reductase activity of cytochrome c nitrite reductase from Escherichia coli
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2008, 283 (15). pp. 9587-9594.
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M709090200
Clarke, TA, Kemp, GL, Van Wonderen, JH, Doyle, RM, Cole , JA, Tovell, N, Cheesman, MR, Butt, JN, Richardson, DJ and Hemmings, AM
Role of a conserved gluatmine residue in tuning the catalytic activity of Escherichia coli cytochrome c nitrite reductase
Biochemistry, 2008, 47 (12). pp. 3789-3799.
DOI: 10.1021/bi702175w
Fresh Approaches to Spectroelectrochemistry
Dynamic electrochemistry provides a powerful tool to characterise redox proteins and enzymes. Electron transfer and any associated chemical events are visualised in real-time by the flow of electrical current observed when electrons are exchanged between a protein and an electrode of known and variable potential. Parallel spectroscopic studies are typically performed to identify the redox active cofactors involved. A collaboration between the research groups of Julea Butt and Dr Myles Cheesman (UEA) has led to the development of a number of electrochemical cells that allow electrochemistry to be performed with simultaneous electronic absorbance, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), circular dichroism (CD) or magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopies. A recently established collaboration with Dr Andrew Round (UEA) aims to integrate protein film electrochemistry with scanning probe microscopies for studying heme containing ‘nanowires’.
Key Publications
Bradley, JM, Silkstone, G, Wilson, MT, Cheesman, MR and Butt, JN
Probing a Complex of Cytochromecand Cardiolipin by Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy: Implications for the Initial Events in Apoptosis
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2011, 133 (49). pp. 19676-19679. ISSN 0002-7863
DOI: 10.1021/ja209144h
Marritt, SJ, Lowe, TG, Bye, J, McMillan, DGG, Shi, L, Fredrickson, J, Zachara, J, Richardson, DJ, Cheesman, MR, Jeuken, LJC and Butt, JN
A functional description of CymA, an electron-transfer hub supporting anaerobic respiratory flexibility in Shewanella
Biochemical Journal, 2012, 444 (3). pp. 465-474. ISSN 0264-6021
DOI: 10.1042/BJ20120197
Marritt, S, Kemp, G, Xiaoe, L, Durrant, JR, Cheesman, MR and Butt, JN
Spectroelectrochemical Characterization of a Pentaheme Cytochrome in Solution and as Electrocatalytically Active Films on Nanocrystalline Metal-Oxide Electrodes
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2008, 130 (27). pp. 8588-8589.
DOI: 10.1021/ja802641a
Research Funding
BBSRC: Advancing Biotechnologies for Fuel Generation: Exploiting Transmembrane Cytochromes for Solar Energy Conversion
PI: Julea Butt. CoI: David Richardson, Tom Clarke
1/1/2013 – 31/12/2015
£380k
BBSRC: Molecular Basis for Controlled Transmembrane Electron Transfer
PI: Tom Clarke. CoI: David Richardson, Julea Butt
1/1/2013 – 31/12/2015
£321k
BBSRC iCASE PhD Studentship: Carbon Capture and Formate Biosynthesis using a Microbe-Electrode Device
PI: Tom Clarke. CoI: Julea Butt
10/2013 – 9/2016
US Dept of Energy: Characterisation of Cytochromes key to ExtraCellular Mineral Respiration
PI: David Richardson. Col: Julea Butt, Tom Clarke
1/10/2013 – 30/9/2015
£150k
United States Department of Energy
The Structural and Mechanistic Basis of Microbial Mineral Respiration
Richardson DJ, Butt JN, Clarke, TA
01-Oct-10 to 31-Sep-14
$800,000
BBSRC
Correlating currents and colour in metalloenzymes. Cell development for time and concentration resolved magnetic-CD spectroscopy.
Cheesman MR, Butt JN
01-Jul-09 – 31-Dec-10
£96,941
BBSRC
New approaches for fresh perspectives on quinol/quinone oxidoreductases.
Butt JN, Richardson DJ, Jeuken (Leeds), Evans (Leeds)
01-Jun-09 - 30-May-12
£339,576
BBSRC
The contribution of ammonification to N2O emissions from soils
Richardson, DJ, Butt, JN, Baggs, E (Aberdeen)
01-Feb-06 – 31-Jan-09
£175,132
Leverhulme Trust
Regulating electron transport to functional synthetic redox-active metal sites
Mareque Rivas, JC, (Edinburgh), Yellowlees, LJ, (Edinburgh), Butt, JN
01-Sep-05 – 31-Aug-08
£101,317
BBSRC
The molecular enzymology of nitric oxide reductase: cellular saviour and global bandit
Watmough, NJ, Butt, JN, Cheesman, MR and Richardson, DJ
01-Sep-05 - 31-Aug-08
£221,432
BBSRC
Mottle-MCD Spectroscopy with in situ electrochemical control
Butt, JN, Cheesman, MR and Durrant, J (Imperial)
01-Aug-05 - 31-Jul-08
£146,297
BBSRC
BMS Committee Studentship
Butt, JN
01-Oct-03 - 30-Sep-07
Studentship
BBSRC
The cytochrome c nitrite reductase: an integrated study of nitrite and nitric oxide reduction by a deca-heme enzyme complex
Richardson, DJ, Butt, JN, Cheesman, MR, Hemmings, AM and Cole, J (Birmingham)
20-Oct-03 - 19-Jul-07
£354,500
Royal Society of Chemistry
A new concept for the assay of DNA ligases - facilitating studies of a potential new drug target
Butt, JN and Bowater, RP
01-Oct-03 - 30-Sep-06
£44,055
Wellcome Trust
DNA ligase - one or many?
Butt, JN
28-Jun-06 - 20-Aug-06
£1,360
Nuffield Foundation
Resolving the chemistry of nitrate reduction, an essential part of the global nitrogen economy
Butt, JN
26-Jun-06 - 14-Aug-06
£1,310
UEA/IPDF
Immobilised oligonucleotide hairpins for rapid assessment of ligase and nuclease activities.
Bowater, RJ and Butt JN
06-Feb-06 – 06-Aug-06
£4,782
Wellcome Trust
JIF: Biophysical chemistry at UEA
Thomson, AJ, Butt, JN, Le Brun, NE, Kleanthous, CK (York), Richardson, DJ, Watmough, NJ, Cheesman, MR and Moore, G
01-Jun-01 - 30-Jun-06
£3,451,823
BBSRC
An integrated approach to define the mechanism of respiratory nitrate reductase: Spectroscopic and voltammetric studies
Butt, JN and Richardson, DJ
29-Jul-02 - 28-Feb-06
£181,928
BBSRC
Structure-function studies of a novel haemoprotein involved in bacterial oxidation of thiosulfate & sulfide
Hemmings, AM, Butt, JN, Cheesman, MR and Berks, B (Oxford)
01-Jan-02 - 30-Apr-05
£42,300
BBSRC
Interrogating DNA duplex-ligand interactions: A dynamic approach exploiting the intrinsic conductivitiy of duplex DNA
Butt, JN, Mayes, AG and Bowater, RP
12-Aug-02 - 11-Feb-05
£165,633
BBSRC
Steady state kinetic studies of electron transfer flavoprotein ubiquinone oxidoreductase
Watmough, NJ and Butt, JN
19-Jul-04 - 05-Sep-04
£1,700
EPSRC
(a) Muon Spectroscopies as a probe of electron conduction in DNA, and (b) Muon spectroscopy of organometallics
Jayasooriya, UA and Butt, JN
08-Aug-01 - 07-Nov-02
£16,484
Wellcome Trust
Time resolved studies of redox driven events in membrane bound proteins under the direct potential control of an electrode
Butt, JN
01-Sep-97 - 31-Oct-01
£26,000
Royal Society of Chemistry
Development of a sensitive and selective direct electrochemical sensor for DNA with potential application in parallel genomics
Thomson, A J and Butt, JN
01-Oct-98 - 30-Sep-01
£32,000
Wellcome Trust
Research career development fellowship
Butt, J N and Thomson, A J
01-Sep-97 - 15-Mar-01
£280,646
Research Group Members
Emma Hewer
Tom Lowe
Emma Ainsworth
U/G Project Students
Lewis Fraser
Rhys Mould
Technician
Verity Lyall
Article
Rowley, G, Hensen, D, Felgate, H, Arkenberg, A, Appia‑Ayme, C, Prior, K, Harrington, C, Field, SJ, Butt, JN, Baggs, E and Richardson, DJ (2012) Resolving the contributions of the membrane-bound and periplasmic nitrate reductase systems to nitric oxide and nitrous oxide production inSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium. Biochemical Journal, 441 (2). pp. 755-762. ISSN 0264-6021
Bradley, JM, Marritt, SJ, Kihlken, MA, Haynes, K, Hemmings, AM, Berks, BC, Cheesman, MR and Butt, JN (2012) Redox and Chemical Activities of the Hemes in the Sulfur Oxidation Pathway Enzyme SoxAX. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 287 (48). pp. 40350-40359. ISSN 0021-9258
Breuer, M, Zarzycki, P, Shi, L, Clarke, T, Edwards, MJ, Butt, J, Richardson, DJ, Fredrickson, JK, Zachara, JM, Blumberger, J and Rosso, KM (2012) Molecular Structure and Free Energy Landscape for Electron Transport in the Decahaem Cytochrome MtrF. Biochemical Society Transactions, 40 (6). pp. 1198-1203. ISSN 0300-5127
Breuer, M, Zarzycki, P, Shi, L, Clarke, T, Edwards, MJ, Butt, J, Richardson, DJ, Fredrickson, JK, Zachara, JM, Blumberger, J and Rosso, KM (2012) Molecular Structure and Free Energy Landscape for Electron Transport in the Decahaem Cytochrome MtrF. Biochemical Society Transactions, 40 (6). pp. 1198-1203. ISSN 0300-5127
Breuer, M, Zarzycki, P, Shi, L, Clarke, TA, Edwards, MJ, Butt, JN, Richardson, DJ, Fredrickson, JK, Zachara, JM, Blumberger, J and Rosso, KM (2012) Molecular structure and free energy landscape for electron transport in the decahaem cytochrome MtrF. Biochemical Society Transactions, 40 (6). pp. 1198-1203. ISSN 0300-5127
Edwards, MJ, Hall, A, Shi, L, Fredrickson, JK, Zachara, JM, Butt, JN, Richardson, DJ and Clarke, TA (2012) The Crystal Structure of the Extracellular 11-heme Cytochrome UndA Reveals a Conserved 10-heme Motif and Defined Binding Site for Soluble Iron Chelates. Structure, 20 (7). pp. 1275-1284. ISSN 09692126
Liu, J, Wang, Z, Belchik, SM, Edwards, MJ, Liu, C, Kennedy, DW, Merkley, ED, Lipton, MS, Butt, JN, Richardson, DJ, Zachara, JM, Fredrickson, JK, Rosso, KM and Shi, L (2012) Identification and Characterization of MtoA: A Decaheme c-Type Cytochrome of the Neutrophilic Fe(II)-Oxidizing Bacterium Sideroxydans lithotrophicus ES-1. Frontiers in Microbiology, 3. pp. 1-11. ISSN 1664-302X
Marritt, SJ, Lowe, TG, Bye, J, McMillan, DGG, Shi, L, Fredrickson, J, Zachara, J, Richardson, DJ, Cheesman, MR, Jeuken, LJC and Butt, JN (2012) A functional description of CymA, an electron-transfer hub supporting anaerobic respiratory flexibility in Shewanella. Biochemical Journal, 444 (3). pp. 465-474. ISSN 0264-6021
Marritt, SJ, McMillan, DGG, Shi, L, Fredrickson, JK, Zachara, JM, Richardson, DJ, Jeuken, LJC and Butt, JN (2012) The roles of CymA in support of the respiratory flexibility of Shewanella oneidensisMR-1. Biochemical Society Transactions, 40 (6). pp. 1217-1221. ISSN 0300-5127
Richardson, DJ, Butt, JN, Fredrickson, JK, Zachara, JM, Shi, L, Edwards, M, White, G, Baiden, N, Gates, AJ, Marritt, SJ and Clarke, TA (2012) The ‘porin-cytochrome’ model for microbe-to-mineral electron transfer. Molecular Microbiology, 85 (2). pp. 201-212. ISSN 0950382X
Richardson, DJ, Edwards, MJ, White, GF, Baiden, N, Hartshorne, RS, Fredrickson, J, Shi, L, Zachara, J, Gates, AJ, Butt, JN and Clarke, TA (2012) Exploring the biochemistry at the extracellular redox frontier of bacterial mineral Fe(III) respiration. Biochemical Society Transactions, 40 (3). pp. 493-500. ISSN 0300-5127
White, GF, Shi, Z, Shi, L, Dohnalkova, AC, Fredrickson, JK, Zachara, JM, Butt, JN, Richardson, DJ and Clarke, TA (2012) Development of a proteoliposome model to probe transmembrane electron-transfer reactions. Biochemical Society Transactions, 40 (6). pp. 1257-1260. ISSN 0300-5127
Bradley, Jenna, Butt, Julea and Cheesman, Myles (2011) Electrochemical titrations and reaction time courses monitored in situ by magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy. Analytical Biochemistry, 419 (2). pp. 110-116. ISSN 00032697
Bradley, JM, Silkstone, G, Wilson, MT, Cheesman, MR and Butt, JN (2011) Probing a Complex of Cytochromecand Cardiolipin by Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy: Implications for the Initial Events in Apoptosis. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 133 (49). pp. 19676-19679. ISSN 0002-7863
Clarke, TA, Edwards, MJ, Gates, AJ, Hall, A, White, GF, Bradley, J, Reardon, CL, Shi, L, Beliaev, AS, Marshall, MJ, Wang, Z, Watmough, NJ, Fredrickson, JK, Zachara, JM, Butt, JN and Richardson, DJ (2011) Structure of a bacterial cell surface decaheme electron conduit. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108 (23). pp. 9384-9389. ISSN 0027-8424
Cheetham, MR, Bramble, JP, McMillan, DGG, Krzeminski, L, Han, X, Johnson, BRG, Bushby, RJ, Olmsted, PD, Jeuken, LJC, Marritt, SJ, Butt, JN and Evans, SD (2011) Concentrating Membrane Proteins Using Asymmetric Traps and AC Electric Fields. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 133 (17). pp. 6521-6524. ISSN 0002-7863
Field, S, Roldan, MD, Marritt, SJ, Butt, J, Richardson, D and Watmough, N (2011) Electron transfer to the active site of the bacterial nitric oxide reductase is controlled by ligand binding to heme b3. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, 1807 (4). pp. 451-457. ISSN 00052728
Gates, AJ, Butler, CS, Richardson, DJ and Butt, JN (2011) Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate and selenate by NapAB. Biochemical Society Transactions, 39 (1). pp. 236-242. ISSN 0300-5127
Gates, AJ, Kemp, GL, To, CY, Mann, J, Marritt, SJ, Mayes, AG, Richardson, DJ and Butt, JN (2011) The relationship between redox enzyme activity and electrochemical potential—cellular and mechanistic implications from protein film electrochemistry. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 13 (17). pp. 7720-7731. ISSN 1463-9076
Lockwood, C, Butt, JN, Clarke, TA and Richardson, DJ (2011) Molecular interactions between multihaem cytochromes: probing the protein–protein interactions between pentahaem cytochromes of a nitrite reductase complex. Biochemical Society Transactions, 39 (1). pp. 263-268. ISSN 0300-5127
Lockwood, CWJ, Clarke, TA, Butt, JN, Hemmings, AM and Richardson, DJ (2011) Characterization of the active site and calcium binding in cytochromecnitrite reductases. Biochemical Society Transactions, 39 (6). pp. 1871-1875. ISSN 0300-5127
Pergolizzi, G, Butt, JN, Bowater, RP and Wagner, GK (2011) A novel fluorescent probe for NAD-consuming enzymes. Chemical Communications, 47 (47). pp. 12655-12657. ISSN 1359-7345
Simon, J, Kern, M, Hermann, B, Einsle, O and Butt, JN (2011) Physiological function and catalytic versatility of bacterial multihaem cytochromescinvolved in nitrogen and sulfur cycling. Biochemical Society Transactions, 39 (6). pp. 1864-1870. ISSN 0300-5127
Zafrilla, B, Martínez‑Espinosa, RM, Bonete, MJ, Butt, JN, Richardson, DJ and Gates, AJ (2011) A haloarchaeal ferredoxin electron donor that plays an essential role in nitrate assimilation. Biochemical Society Transactions, 39 (6). pp. 1844-1848. ISSN 0300-5127
Kemp, GL, Clarke, TA, Marritt, SJ, Lockwood, C, Poock, SR, Hemmings, AM, Richardson, DJ, Cheesman, MR and Butt, JN (2010) Kinetic and thermodynamic resolution of the interactions between sulfite and the pentahaem cytochrome NrfA fromEscherichia coli. Biochemical Journal, 431 (1). pp. 73-80. ISSN 0264-6021
Aljabali, Alaa A. A., Barclay, J. Elaine, Butt, Julea, Lomonossoff, George P. and Evans, David J. (2010) Redox-active ferrocene-modified Cowpea mosaic virus nanoparticles. Dalton Transactions, 39 (32). p. 7569.
Kemp, G, Clarke, TA, Marritt, S, Lockwood, C, Poock, S, Hemmings, A, Richardson, D, Cheesman, M and Butt, J (2010) Kinetic and thermodynamic resolution of the interactions between sulfite and the pentahaem cytochrome NrfA from Escherichia coli. Biochemical Journal, 431 (1). pp. 73-80. ISSN 0264-6021
Hartshorne, RS, Reardon, CL, Ross, D, Nuester, J, Clarke, TA, Gates, AJ, Mills, PC, Fredrickson, JK, Zachara, JM, Shi, L, Beliaev, AS, Marshall, MJ, Tien, M, Brantley, S, Butt, JN and Richardson, DJ (2009) Characterization of an electron conduit between bacteria and the extracellular environment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106 (52). pp. 22169-22174. ISSN 0027-8424
Kemp, G, Marritt, S, Xiaoe, L, Durrant, JR, Cheesman, M and Butt, J (2009) Opportunities for mesoporous nanocrystalline SnO2 electrodes in kinetic and catalytic analyses of redox proteins. Biochemical Society Transactions, 37 (2). pp. 368-372. ISSN 0300-5127
Marritt, S, Kemp, G, Xiaoe, L, Durrant, JR, Cheesman, MR and Butt, JN (2008) Spectroelectrochemical Characterization of a Pentaheme Cytochrome in Solution and as Electrocatalytically Active Films on Nanocrystalline Metal-Oxide Electrodes. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130 (27). pp. 8588-8589.
Van Wonderen, J, Burlat, B, Richardson, DJ, Cheesman, M and Butt, JN (2008) The nitric oxide reductase activity of cytochrome c nitrite reductase from Escherichia coli. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 283 (15). pp. 9587-9594.
Clarke, TA, Kemp, GL, Van Wonderen, JH, Doyle, RM, Cole , JA, Tovell, N, Cheesman, MR, Butt, JN, Richardson, DJ and Hemmings, AM (2008) Role of a conserved gluatmine residue in tuning the catalytic activity of Escherichia coli cytochrome c nitrite reductase. Biochemistry, 47 (12). pp. 3789-3799.
Clarke, TA, Mills, PC, Poock, SR, Butt, JN, Cheesman, MR, Cole, JA, Hinton, JC, Hemmings, AM, Kemp, G, Soderberg, CA, Spiro, S, Van Wonderen, J and Richardson, DJ (2008) Escherichia coli cytochrome c nitrite reductase NrfA. Methods in Enzymology, 437. pp. 63-77.
Gates, AJ, Richardson, DJ and Butt, JN (2008) Voltammetric characterization of the aerobic energy-dissipating nitrate reductase of Paracoccus pantotrophus: exploring the activity of a redox-balancing enzyme as a function of electrochemical potential. Biochemical Journal, 409 (1). pp. 159-168. ISSN 0264-6021
Martinez-Espinosa, Rosa Maria, Richardson, David, Butt, Julea and Bonete, Maria José (2007) Spectropotentiometric properties and salt-dependent thermotolerance of a [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin involved in ntirate assimilation in Haloferax mediterranei. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 277 (1). pp. 50-55.
Hartshorne, RS, Jepson, BN, Clarke, TA, Field, SJ, Fredrickson, J, Zachara, J, Shi, L, Butt, JN and Richardson, DJ (2007) Characterization of Shewanella oneidensis MtrC: a cell-surface decaheme cytochrome involved in respiratory electron transport to extracellular electron acceptors. JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 12 (7). pp. 1083-1094. ISSN 0949-8257
Jepson, BJN, Mohan, S, Clarke, TA, Gates, AJ, Cole, JA, Butler, CS, Butt, JN, Hemmings, AM and Richardson, DJ (2007) Spectropotentiometric and structural analysis of the periplasmic nitrate reductase from Escherichia coli. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 282. pp. 6425-6437.
Male, Louise, Marritt, Sophie, Berks, Ben C., Cheesman, Myles, Van Wonderen, Jessica, George, Simon J. and Butt, Julea (2007) Protein voltammetry and spectroscopy: integrating approaches. Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, and Modeling (Theoretica Chimica Acta), 119 (1-3). pp. 107-111.
Martinez-Espinosa, R.M., Dridge, E.J., Bonete, M.J., Butt, J.N., Butler, C.S., Sargent, F. and Richardson, D.J. (2007) Look on the positive side! The orientation, identification and bioenergetics of 'Archaeal' membrane-bound nitrate reductases. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 276 (2). pp. 129-139.
Martinez-Espinosa, R.M., Richardson, D.J., Butt, J.N. and Bonete, M.J. (2007) Spectopotentiometric properties and salt-dependent thermotolerance of a [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin-involved nitrate assimilation in Haloferax mediterranei. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 277(1). pp. 50-55.
Scott, BOS, Lavesa-Curto, M, Bullard, DR, Butt, JN and Bowater, RP (2006) Immobilized DNA hairpins for assay of sequential breaking and joining of DNA backbones. Analytical Biochemistry, 358 (1). pp. 90-98.
HUBBARD, P, TANI, A, Oganesyan, Vasily, Butt, Julea, COTTRELL, S and Jayasooriya, Upali A (2006) Different responses to muon implantation in single- and double-stranded DNA. Physica B Condensed Matter, 374-375. pp. 437-440.
Clarke, T.A., Hemmings, A.M., Burlat, B., Butt, J.N., Cole, J.A. and Richardson, D.J. (2006) Comparison of the structural and kinetic properties of the cytochrome c nitrite reductases from Escherichia coli, Wolinella succinogenes, Sulfurospirillum deleyianum and Desulfolvibrio desulfuricans. Biochemical Society Transactions, 34. pp. 143-145.
Gwyer, J, Zhang, J, Butt, Julea and Ulstrupy, J (2006) Voltammetry and In Situ Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Cytochrome c Nitrite Reductase on Au(111) Electrodes. Biophysical Journal, 91 (10). pp. 3897-3906. ISSN 0006-3495
Gwyer, J.D., Richardson, D.J. and Butt, J.N. (2006) Inhibiting Escherichia coli cytochrome c nitrite reductase: voltammetry reveals an enzyme equipped for action despite the chemical challenges it may face in vivo. Biochemical Society Transactions, 34. pp. 133-135.
Hemmings, AM, Clarke, TA, Burlat, B, Butt, JN, Cole, JA and Richardson, DJ (2006) Comparison of the structural and kinetic properties of the cytochrome c nitrite reductases from Escherichia coli, Wolinella succinogenes, Sulfurospirillum deleyianum and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. Biochemical Society Transactions, 34 (1). p. 143. ISSN 03005127
Marritt, Sophie, Van Wonderen, Jessica, Cheesman, Myles and Butt, Julea (2006) Magnetic circular dichroism of hemoproteins with in situ control of electrochemical potential: “MOTTLE”. Analytical Biochemistry, 359 (1). pp. 79-83.
Martinez-Espinosa, R.M., Richardson, D.J., Butt, J.N. and Bonete, M.J. (2006) Respiratory nitrate and nitrite pathway in the denitrifier haloarchaeon Haloferax mediterranei. Biochemical Society Transactions, 34. pp. 115-117.
Gwyer, James D., Richardson, David J. and Butt, Julea (2005) Resolving Complexity in the Interactions of Redox Enzymes and Their Inhibitors: Contrasting Mechanisms for the Inhibition of a CytochromecNitrite Reductase Revealed by Protein Film Voltammetry†. Biochemistry, 43 (47). pp. 15086-15094.
Gwyer, James D., Richardson, David J. and Butt, Julea (2005) Diode or Tunnel-Diode Characteristics? Resolving the Catalytic Consequences of Proton Coupled Electron Transfer in a Multi-Centered Oxidoreductase. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 127 (43). pp. 14964-14965. ISSN 0002-7863
Burlat, B, Gwyer, JD, Poock, S, Clarke, TA, Cole, JA, Hemmings, AM, Cheesman, MR, Butt, JN and Richardson, DJ (2005) Cytochrome c nitrite reductase: from structural to physicochemical analysis. Biochemical Society Transactions, 33 (1). pp. 137-140. ISSN 03005127
Field, SJ, Thornton, NP, Anderson, LJ, Gates, AJ, Reilly, A, Jepson, BJN, Richardson, DJ, George, SJ, Cheesman, MR and Butt, JN (2005) Reductive activation of nitrate reductases. Dalton Transactions, 21. pp. 3580-3586.
Zauner, Gerhild, Wang, Yating, Lavesa-Curto, Manuel, MacDonald, Andrew, Mayes, Andrew, Bowater, Richard P. and Butt, Julea (2005) Tethered DNA hairpins facilitate electrochemical detection of DNA ligation. The Analyst, 130 (3). p. 345. ISSN 0003-2654
Jepson, B. J. N., Anderson, Lee J, Rubio, Louis J, Taylor, Claire J, Butler, Clive S, Flores, Enrique, Herrero, Antonia, Butt, Julea and Richardson, David (2004) Tuning a Nitrate Reductase for Function: THE FIRST SPECTROPOTENTIOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF A BACTERIAL ASSIMILATORY NITRATE REDUCTASE REVEALS NOVEL REDOX PROPERTIES. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 279 (31). pp. 32212-32218.
Gwyer, J, Angove, H, Richardson, D.J. and Butt, Julea (2004) Redox-triggered events in cytochrome c nitrite reductase. Bioelectrochemistry, 63 (1-2). pp. 43-47.
Gwyer, J.D., Richardson, D.J. and Butt, J.N. (2004) Resolving complexity in the interactions of redox enzymes and their inhibitors: contrasting mechanisms for the inhibition of a cytochrome c nitrite reductase revealed by protein pilm voltammetry. Biochemistry, 43. pp. 15086-15094.
Hubbard, Penny L., Oganesyan, Vasily, Sulaimanov, Nail, Butt, Julea and Jayasooriya, Upali A (2004) Avoided Level Crossing Muon Spectroscopy of Free Radicals Formed by Muonium Addition to the Constituents of DNA. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 108 (42). pp. 9302-9309.
Oganesyan, Vasily, Hubbard, P.L., Butt, Julea and Jayasooriya, Upali A (2003) Laying the foundation for understanding muon implantation in DNA: ab initio DFT calculations of the nucleic acid base muonium adducts. Physica B Condensed Matter, 326 (1-4). pp. 25-29.
Butt, J.N. (2003) Fresh Perspectives on Nitrogen-Cycle Enzymes from Protein Film Voltammetry. Recent Research Developments in Biochemistry, 4. pp. 159-180.
Butt, Julea, ANDERSON, L, RUBIO, L, Richardson, David, FLORES, E and HERRERO, A (2002) Enzyme-catalysed nitrate reduction—themes and variations as revealed by protein film voltammetry. Bioelectrochemistry, 56 (1-2). pp. 17-18.
Angove, H. C., Cole, Jeffrey A, Richardson, David and Butt, Julea (2002) Protein Film Voltammetry Reveals Distinctive Fingerprints of Nitrite and Hydroxylamine Reduction by a Cytochrome c Nitrite Reductase. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277 (26). pp. 23374-23381.
Field, S. J., Prior, Louise, Dolores Roldan, M, Cheesman, Myles, Thomson, Andrew J., Spiro, Stephen, Butt, Julea, Watmough, Nick and Richardson, David (2002) Spectral Properties of Bacterial Nitric-oxide Reductase. RESOLUTION OF pH-DEPENDENT FORMS OF THE ACTIVE SITE HEME b3. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277 (23). pp. 20146-20150.
Bamford, Vicki A., Angove, Hayley C., Seward, Harriet E., Thomson, Andrew J., Cole, Jeffrey A., Butt, Julea, Hemmings, Andrew and Richardson, David (2002) Structure and Spectroscopy of the Periplasmic Cytochrome c Nitrite Reductase from Escherichia coli. Biochemistry, 41 (9). pp. 2921-2931.
Butt, J.N., Anderson, L.J. and Richardson, D.J. (2002) Protein film viltammetry of a respiratory nitrate reductase: evidence of complex electrochemical modulations of enzyme activity. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 86. p. 164.
Rasmussen, T., Berks, B.C., Butt, J.N. and Thomson, A.J. (2002) Multiple forms of the catalytic centre, Cu-z, in the enzyme nitrous oxide reductase from Paracoccus pantotrophus. Biochemical Journal, 364. pp. 807-815.
Tani, Akiko, Thomson, Andrew J. and Butt, Julea (2001) Methylene blue as an electrochemical discriminator of single- and double-stranded oligonucleotides immobilised on gold substrates. The Analyst, 126 (10). pp. 1756-1759. ISSN 00032654
Anderson, Lee J., Richardson, David and Butt, Julea (2001) Catalytic Protein Film Voltammetry from a Respiratory Nitrate Reductase Provides Evidence for Complex Electrochemical Modulation of Enzyme Activity†. Biochemistry, 40 (38). pp. 11294-11307.
Tani, A., Thomson, A.J. and Butt, J.N. (2001) Methylene blue as an electrochemical discriminator of single stranded and double stranded oligonucleotides immobilised on gold electrodes. Analyst, 126. pp. 1756-1759.
Other
Butt, J.N. and Armstrong, F.A. (2004) Voltammetry of adsorbed redox enzymes: mechanisms in the potential dimension. UNSPECIFIED. (In Press)
External Activities and Indicators of Esteem
- Invited lectures:
- Resolving the Heart of the Action - Spectroelectrochemical Studies of Cytochromes. KeyNote Speaker: 63rd Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry, Prague, Czech Republic. Aug. 2012
- Revealing the Redox Chemistry and Substrate-Specificity of a Quinol-Dehydrogenase. 45th Heyrovsky Discussion: Brno, Czech Republic. August 2012.
- Multiheme Cytochromes - Molecular Wires and Catalysts
- Electron transfer at the microbe-mineral interface: Biochemical Society Meeting. Norwich, UK. April 2012
- Contrasting Properties of Octa- and Penta-Heme Nitrite Reductases. 16th European N-cycle Meeting and ICoN2, Nijmegen, Netherlands July 2011
- Defining a Landscape for Microbial Electron Transfer to Extracellular Minerals ‘Earth, Life and Fire’, Goldschmidt 2011, Prague, Czech Republic, August 2011
- Analytical Challenges Afforded by Respiratory Flexibility. RSC East of England Workshop ' Molecular Interactions at the Interface Between Chemistry and Biology'. University of East Anglia, Sep 2010
- Fresh Perspectives of Redox Proteins from Protein Film Electrochemistry. University of Alicante, Spain, Sep 2010
- Spectroscopy for Insights into Redox-Active Metalloproteins. University of Alicante, Spain, Sep 2010
- Characterisation of a Trans-outermembrane Icosaheme Complex for Electron Exchange Between Bacteria and their Environment. ACS Meeting, San Francisco, USA, March 2010
- Spectroelectrochemical Studies of a Multiheme Cytochrome. 'Enzyme Mechanisms: Fast Reaction and Computational Approaches'. Oct 2008, UK.
- Spectroelectrochemistry, Catalysis and Nitric Oxide: Fresh Insights into a Multi-Heme Cytochrome. 'Electrochemistry of Nucleic Acids and Proteins'. June 2008, Czech Republic.
- The Respiratory Nitrate Reductases of Paracoccus pantotrophus. Gordon Research Conference on Mo and W Enzymes, July 2007, USA
- Enzymes on the Edge - Voltammetric Studies of a Multiheme Cytochrome. European Biophysics Congress, July 2007, UK
- Protein Film Voltammetry of Nitrogen Cycle Enzymes. 11th N-Cycle Meeting, September 2005, Granada, Spain.
- Diode or Tunnel-Diode? Resolving the Consequences of Coupled Electron:Proton Transfer in a Cytochrome c Nitrite Reductase. 207th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, May 2005, Quebec City, Canada
- Currents, Catalysis and the Regulation of Enzyme Activity. Royal Society of Chemistry, Dalton Division Symposium, 'Reaction Centres of Metalloenzymes', November 2003, Nottingham
- The DMSO Reductase Family of Enzymes. Session Chair - Gordon Research Conference on Mo and W Enzymes, July 2003, USA
- Changing the Catalytic Fingerprint of Cytochrome c Nitrite Reductase. 17th International Symposium on Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics June 2003, Florence, Italy
- Nitrite Reduction by Cytochrome c Nitrite Reductase -Two Patterns of Enzyme Behaviour. 19th Conference on Coordination and Bioinorganic Chemistry, June 2003, Smolenice, Slovakia
- Resolving Nature's Electronic Circuitry in the Time and Electrochemical Potential Domains. BBS Medal Lecture. 'Biophysical Complexity' April 2003, Southampton
- Fresh Perspectives of a Versatile Enzyme: Protein Film Voltammetry of Cytochrome c Nitrite Reductase. 2nd International SFB Congress 2002
- 'Metal Mediated Reactions Modelled After Nature'. September 2002, Jena, Germany
- Redox Triggered Events in E. coli Cytochrome c Nitrite Reductase. 6th European Conference on Biological Inorganic Chemistry, July 2002, Lund, Sweden
- Protein Film Voltammetry of a Cytochrome c Nitrite Reductase. 201st Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, May 2002, Philadelphia, USA
- Voltammetric Perspectives on Nitrogen Cycle Enzymes. Royal Society of Chemistry, Annual Conference, July 2001, Birmingham
- Voltammetric Studies of Nitrate Reductases. The 2nd Gordon Research Conference on Mo and W Enzymes, July 2001, Oxford
- Enzyme Catalysed Nitrate Reduction - Themes and Variations as Revealed by Protein Film Voltammetry. XVIth International Symposium on Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics. June 2001, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Invited Reviews:
- Fresh Perspectives on Nitrogen-Cycle Enzymes from Protein Film Voltammetry
- Recent Research Developments in Biochemistry 2003-4 159-180
- Membership of Grant Awarding Bodies:
- 2006
- EPSRC College Member
- BBSRC/BMS Committee Member
- Membership of Learned Societies
- Member of:
- The American Chemical Society
- The Royal Society of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Discussion Group The Biochemical Society
- The Bioelectrochemical Society
- The British Biophysical Society.
